Department of Education

National Capital Region

10 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE

MARIKINA CITY

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
The Role of Hormones in the
Human Reproductive System

Lorita A. Domingo

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 What I Need to Know
The purpose of this module is to help you understand the organism as
having feedback mechanisms that help maintain homeostasis to reproduce and
survive.
The module is divided into two lessons, namely:
● Lesson 1 – Parts and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive Systems
● Lesson 2 – Effects of Hormonal Secretion in Human Reproductive System

After going through this module, you are expected to explain the role of
hormones involved in the female and male reproductive systems.
S10LT-IIIb-34

Specifically, you are expected to:

● identify and describe the parts and functions of the male and the female
reproductive systems;
● explain the role of hormones involved in the male and female reproductive
systems; and
● explain the effects of hormonal secretion in human reproductive system.

What I Know

Read and understand each item carefully. Encircle the letter corresponding
to the word or group of words that completes the sentence.

1. Which hormones play the central role in both male and female reproductive
functions?
A. Estrogen and testosterone
B. Progesterone and luteinizing hormone
C. Testosterone and follicle - stimulating hormone
D. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone

2. What is the correct pathway of sperm from where it is produced to where it is

released out of the body?
A. Epididymis  urethra  vas deferens
B. Testes  epididymis  vas deferens
C. Testes  vas deferens  urethra
D. Urethra  vas deferens  testes

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3. What is the correct pathway of an egg cell from where it is produced to where it
is released and fertilized by a sperm cell?
A. Ovary fallopian tube
B. Fallopian tube  ovary
C. Ovary  fallopian tube  uterus
D. Uterus  fallopian tube  ovary

4. What sex hormone stimulates the development of secondary sexual

characteristics in females?
A. Estrogen C. Progesterone
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Testosterone

5. The following are secondary sexual characteristics of females EXCEPT

A. round hips. C. deep voice.
B. enlargement of the breast. D. finer hair all over the body.

6. What sex hormone stimulates the development of secondary sexual

characteristics of a male?
A. Estrogen C. Progesterone
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone . D. Testosterone

7. The following are secondary sexual characteristics of males EXCEPT

A. deeper voice. C. growth of mustache.
B. narrow hips. D. enlargement of the breast.

8. The release of sex hormones in the reproductive system of male and female is
controlled by the hormones released by the_____
A. blood. B. ovary. C. pituitary gland. D. testes.

9. Which word pair is not related to each other?

A. Ovaries: egg cells C. Testes: sperm cells
B. Corpus luteum: estrogen D. Leydig cells: testosterone

10. Which term refer/s to gonads?

A. Ovaries only. C. sex hormones.
B. Testes only. D. testes and ovaries.

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Lesson Parts and Functions of Male and
1 Female Reproductive Systems

What’s In

In Grade 7, you have learned the two types of reproduction in living things.
Let us see if you still remember this lesson.
Below are two illustrations showing the types of reproduction. Study and
answer the questions that follow. Write your answers in your Science notebook.

A B

1. Which of these illustrations represent sexual reproduction and asexual

reproduction? Write the letter of your choice.
Sexual Reproduction________________ Asexual Reproduction_______________
2. What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? Refer to the
illustration above to complete the information in the table. Do this in your
notebook.
Basis of comparison Sexual Asexual
Reproduction Reproduction
1. Number of parents involved
2. Types of gametes involved
3. Appearance of the offspring
(genetically identical or
genetically different)

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 What’s New

Activity: The Male Reproductive System

Objectives:
1. Identify the parts of the male reproductive system.
2. Describe the functions of the male reproductive parts.
You Will Need:
Illustration of the male reproductive system
Notebook in science
Procedure:
1. Study the illustration showing the labeled parts of the male reproductive
system.

1. ureter 6. urinary bladder

2. seminal 7. vas deferens

vesicle

3. rectum 8.prostate gland

4.bulbourethral 9. urethra
gland
5. epididymis 10. testis

11. penis

Figure C: The male reproductive system

Illustrator: Luis Anthony A. Domingo
2. Draw or trace the illustration of the male reproductive system in your notebook
and identify the numbered parts.

1. 5.

2. 6.

3. 7.

4. 8.

Figure D: Identifying parts of the male reproductive system

Illustrator: Luis Anthony A. Domingo

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3. Study the diagram that shows the path of the sperm cells from where they are
produced to the part where they leave the body of a male.
VAS
TESTIS EPIDIDYMIS DEFERENS URETHRA

4. Try to look again at Figure C and analyze how sperm cells move from the
testes to the urethra.

Guide Questions:
1. Where are the sperm cells being produced?
2. Enumerate the parts in the male reproductive system where sperm cells travel
until it is released in the body.
3. What is a sperm cell? What is the role of sperm cells in human reproduction?

Activity: The Female Reproductive System

Objectives:
1. Identify the parts of the female reproductive system;
2. Describe the functions of the female reproductive parts.
You Will Need:
Illustration of the female reproductive system
Notebook in science
Procedures:
1. Study the illustration below showing the parts of the female reproductive
system.

3. ovary
1. fallopian
tube

4.uterus
2.endometrium

3.vagina
5.cervix

Figure E. The female reproductive system

Illustrator: Luis Anthony A. Domingo

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2. Draw or trace the illustration of the female reproductive system in your
notebook and identify the numbered parts.

1.
4.
2.

5.
3.

Figure F: Identifying the parts of the female reproductive system.

Illustrator: Luis Anthony A. Domingo

3. Study the diagram that shows the path of an egg cell as it moves from where it
is produced to the part where it will temporarily stay.

ovary fallopian tube uterus

Guide Questions:
1. Where are the egg cells produced?
2. In what part will an egg cell temporarily stay after it is released from
the ovary?
3. What is an egg cell? What is the role of the egg cell in human
reproduction?

What Is It

A. The Male Reproductive System

The male reproductive system is important in producing sperms,
transporting sperms into the female reproductive tract, and producing male
hormones.
Testes are oval-shaped paired organs that produce sperm cells through the
process of Spermatogenesis. This structure is covered and protected by an
external skin pouch called the scrotum. Scrotum maintains the temperature in
the testes 3⁰ C lower than the normal body temperature. Sperm cell formation
and development are affected by temperature. The body temperature of 37 ⁰ C will
cause the sperm cells not to develop and mature fully. Thus, having the testes
inside the scrotum and outside the abdominal cavity will make it a suitable place
for sperm production.

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 After the sperm cells are produced in the testes, they will enter the
epididymis where the sperms will continue to develop and mature. When sperm
cells are capable of moving, they move into a long tube called vas deferens. Along
the vas deferens, three glands are connected. These glands are the seminal
vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands. The glands secrete
fluids that give nourishment and energy to sperm cells as well as to ease their
passage through the female reproductive system. The mixture of these seminal
fluids with the sperm cells is called semen. Sperm cells leave the body by passing
through the urethra, which forms a common duct with vas deferens, thus the
urethra serves as a common passageway of semen and urine. The penis, as the
copulatory organ, completes the task of the male reproductive system by
discharging the sperm within the female reproductive system to increase the
chance of meeting and fertilizing an egg cell.

B. The Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system contributes to human reproduction by
producing the gametes called egg cells, providing a place for fertilization, and
giving birth to another human being.
The main structures of the female reproductive system are the paired
ovaries, the two fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina. The ovaries are two-
oval-shaped structures located inside the lower abdominal cavity which produces
egg cells, in a process known as oogenesis. Females are born with all their eggs
already inside the ovaries. However, not all these egg cells will mature. When a
female reaches puberty stage, a mature egg cell is released from one of the
ovaries, once a month. The release of the mature egg from the ovary is called
ovulation. After an egg cell is released, it is carried into the fallopian tube. If
sperm cells are present in the hollow fallopian tube, fertilization will take place.
Along the lining of the fallopian tubes are cilia, short hairlike structures, that
move the egg cell into a muscular saclike organ, the uterus. The uterus or womb
is structurally adapted for holding a developing baby. The lining of the uterus
called the endometrium is where the implantation of the embryo takes place. The
lower portion of the uterus narrows to the cervix. The cervix is the opening to the
uterus and is connected to the vagina. It allows the sperm cells to pass and be
directed into the uterus for possible fertilization of the egg in the fallopian tube.
The vagina connects the uterus to the outside of the body. The vagina receives
the sperms deposited by the male reproductive organ and serves as the
passageway of the baby during childbirth.

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 What’s More
Activity: Parts and Functions of Male and Female Reproductive
Systems
You Will Need:
Two different colors of pencil or crayons (if available)
Ruler and pen
Notebook in science
Procedures:
1. Identify the numbered parts of the male and female reproductive systems. Copy
the table below the illustrations and write the name of the identified parts in
the first column. In the second column, write the functions of each part of the
male and female reproductive system.

2. Trace the path of the sperm cells and the egg cell in your previous drawings
using a different color of pencil or crayon for each system (if available).

The Female Reproductive System

1 4

5
2

3 6

Table 1: Identifying the parts and functions of the male and female reproductive
system.

Male Reproductive Function Female Function

System Reproductive system

1 1

2 2

3 3

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4 4

5 5

6 6

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions in complete sentences and write your

answers in your science notebook.
1. What will happen if sperm cells are present in the fallopian tube after the female
ovulates?
2. In what way can be wearing tight jeans affect sperm production?
3. How are the structures and functions of male and female reproductive systems
correlated?

What I Can Do

List down three ways on how you will keep your reproductive system
healthy. Be able to explain each way. You may add rows if needed.

WAYS TO KEEP YOUR REPRODUCTIVE EXPLANATION

SYSTEM HEALTHY
1.
2.
3.

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 Assessment
Determine if each statement is True or False. Write your answers in your science
notebook.

1. The testes produce the egg cells.

2. The ability of sperm cells to move is developed in the Epididymis.
3. The release of mature egg cells happens in the Fallopian tube.
4. There are three important glands in the male reproductive system which are the
Pituitary gland, Prostate gland, and Bulbourethral gland.
5. The uterus is primarily adapted to hold a developing baby.

Additional Activities

Create a Dictionary of Human Reproductive System

List down all the terms that you have learned about male and female
reproductive systems. Write a description and function for each term in
alphabetical order.
Use any available materials at home to design your Dictionary.

RUBRIC/CRITERIA
Creativity Highest score
10 pts 5 pts 3pts
number of Words 10-15 words 5-9 words 1-4 words
20pts 15 pts 10 pts
Meaning for each All with description Not all terms with description and function
term and function
20 pts 10pts

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Lesson Effects of Hormonal Secretion in
2 Human Reproductive System

What’s In

Match the FUNCTIONS to the PARTS of either male or female reproductive

organs. Write the letter of your answers in your science notebook.

A B
1. It delivers the sperm cells to the female A. fallopian tube
reproductive system. B. ovaries
2. It allows the unborn baby to develop. C. penis
3. It performs spermatogenesis. D. testes
4. It is where the union of sperm and E. uterus
egg cell happen. F. vagina
5. It is where oogenesis takes place. G. vas deferens

What’s New

In addition to the production of gametes, another function of the male and

female gonads is to produce and secrete sex hormones. Hormones in general are
chemicals that regulate the development and activities of the body including
reproduction.
This activity will let you understand the hormones involved in the human
reproductive system.

Activity: The Human Reproductive Hormones

Objectives:
1. Identify the hormones released by the male and female reproductive organs.
2. Explain the role of hormones involved in the male and female reproductive
systems.
You Will Need:
Science notebook
Pen and ruler

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Procedure:
Study the diagrams that show the hormones involved in the male and female
reproductive systems. Then answer the questions that follow. Do this in your
notebook.

Figure G: Hormonal Control in Female Reproductive System

Created by: Lorita A. Domingo

Figure H: Hormonal Control in Male Reproductive System

Created by: Lorita A. Domingo

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Guide Questions:
1. In what part or region of the body is each part or organ located?
HYPOTHALAMUS___________ PITUITARY GLAND__________
OVARIES___________________ TESTES____________________
2. What hormones are produced and released by the following organs?
HYPOTHALAMUS_____________ PITUITARY GLAND__________
3. What is meant by the word “stimulate “? ___________________________
What happens when an organ is stimulated by a hormone released by
another organ? ___________________________________________________
4. What happens to the pituitary gland when the hypothalamus releases its
hormone? _________________________________________________________
5. What are the hormones produced by the ovaries and testes?
OVARIES____________________ TESTES___________________________
6. How are the hormones in the ovaries and testes released? _______________
7. How are the hypothalamus, the pituitary glands, and gonads (ovaries and
testes) interrelated in terms of hormonal stimulation and secretion?

What Is It
The reproductive system starts to become functional when males and
females are in the puberty stage. At the age of 12 to 15 years old, the
hypothalamus in the brain becomes active in producing Gonadotropin-releasing
Hormone (GnRH). Once this hormone is released, it will act on the anterior
pituitary gland found in the brain. The anterior pituitary gland produces two
hormones that target both the cells of the testes and ovaries. Two hormones,
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) will be
produced by the anterior pituitary gland. When FSH is released it will be carried by
the blood to the gonads. In both males and females, FSH triggers the meiotic
division of sperm cells in the testes and egg cells in the ovary, giving rise to haploid
sex cells. The LH release from the anterior pituitary gland also targets the gonads.
However, its effect on the testes and ovaries is to produce sex hormones.

Effects of Hormonal Secretion on Human Reproduction

Figure I and Figure J below show the internal structure of a testis. Inside a
testis are long coiled seminiferous tubules with three important types of cells; the
Sertoli cells, the Leydig cells, and the primary spermatocytes. The primary
spermatocytes and Sertoli cells are located in the lining of seminiferous tubules
while the Leydig cells are located between and outside the lining of seminiferous
tubules. The primary spermatocytes divide meiotically and produce the secondary
haploid spermatocytes. These develop into sperm cells. The Sertoli cells, on the
other hand, nourishes the developing and dividing primary spermatocytes. Sertoli

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cells also regulate the production of FSH in the pituitary gland by producing
Activin and Inhibin proteins. The Activin stimulates the pituitary gland to produce
more FSH while the Inhibin signals the pituitary gland to stop producing FSH. The
Leydig cells are the ones that produce the hormone testosterone. Spermatogenesis
needs a great amount of testosterone. From Leydig cells where testosterone is
made, it attaches to the protein, Androgen-binding protein, produced by the
Sertoli cells, thus increasing the concentration of testosterone in the seminiferous
tubules which are needed to continue the production of sperm cells.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Figure I. Internal cross-section of testis showing the seminiferous tubules

https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/110526/fcell-02-00056-HTML/image_m/fcell-02-00056-g004.jpg

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Figure J. Cells in the seminiferous tubules
https://humanbiology.pressbooks.tru.ca/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2019/06/Testis-cross-section-1.jpg

Testosterone is the male sex hormone produced by the male gonad. It

stimulates the production of sperm cells. Testosterone also triggers changes in
some body organs of males that eventually lead to the development of masculine
traits such as the growth of mustache and beard, hairs in the armpit, deepening of
the voice, and growth of testes and penis.
Inside an ovary are follicles that contain a primary oocyte (immature egg cell).
In figure K, it shows one ovarian follicle carrying one primary oocyte. Unlike sperm
cells, the meiotic division of each egg cell is quite complicated. Before a female
reaches the puberty stage, the egg cells are dividing meiotically but the process will

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stop in the first meiotic division and will resume and be completed after an egg cell
is fertilized by the sperm cell.

Figure K. Internal structure of an ovary

https://wikieducator.org/images/0/08/Ovarian_cycle_with_ovulation_event_A_coloured_and_labelled.JPG

When the FSH, from the anterior pituitary gland, reaches the ovaries, the
follicle cells that enclose an egg cell start to grow and mature. Likewise, the
secondary oocyte inside the follicle undergoes growth and maturation. While the
follicle cells are growing and maturing, the cells produce and secrete estrogen and
inhibin. Estrogen is the main sex hormone in females. Once it is released by the
ovary through the follicle, it causes changes in the body that makes females look
feminine like developed breast and broad hips. The estrogen also maintains the
lining of the uterus by allowing the endometrial cells to grow. The other protein,
inhibin, signals the anterior pituitary gland and hypothalamus to stop producing
and releasing FSH, eventually preventing another follicle and egg cell to develop. The
ovary is also activated by another hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, the
luteinizing hormone (LH). The LH also stimulates the follicle cells to grow and
mature, inducing the follicle to break open, releasing the mature egg cell shown in
figure K. This stage is called ovulation. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle changed
its form into a gland called the corpus luteum. It is described as a gland because it
produces and secretes another female hormone called progesterone. The effect of
progesterone, in general, is to prepare the female's body for a possible pregnancy.
This hormone causes further thickening of the endometrium of the uterus. It also
signals the posterior pituitary gland to secrete hormones like Prolactin for milk
production in the mammary glands and Oxytocin, for later use, causing muscular
contraction during childbirth.

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 What’s More
Complete the concept map by writing the correct word(s) to explain how
hormones are involved in the human reproductive system. Copy and answer the
concept map in your science notebook.

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 What I Have Learned
Answer the following questions in complete sentences and write your
answers in your science notebook.
1. How does the brain control the release of estrogen in the ovaries and
testosterone in the testes?
2. What are the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the female reproductive
system?
3. How are the physical changes in the body during the puberty stage related to
the release of estrogen or testosterone?

What I Can Do

Read the given situation and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answers in your Science notebook.

In the 5th Annual Report of the Department of Health on the Implementation

of Responsible Parenting and Reproductive Health, regarding Adolescent Sexual and
Reproductive Health in 2018, adolescents who go through premature pregnancy has
reached numbers as high as 425,000, thus making the Philippines ranked high on
adolescent fertility rates along with countries that have the same issues.
The reproductive system starts functioning by the onset of puberty, but it does
not fully mature until you reach early adulthood. Being involved in pregnancy
between these stages could present major health implications for both the mother
and the child. There is also a possibility of acquiring sexually transmitted disease
(STD) between young mothers and fathers.

As a teenager, how can you prevent being involved in teenage pregnancy?

What values can help you to uphold awareness on this issue?

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 Assessment
Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect.
Write your answers in your Science notebook.

1. The hypothalamus releases Luteinizing Hormone and testosterone.

2. The Follicle Stimulating Hormone stimulates the testes and ovaries to form
gametes.
3. The Luteinizing Hormone stimulates the gonads to produce sex hormones.
4. Testosterone and estrogen stimulate the development of feminine and masculine
traits for females and males respectively.
5. After an egg cell is released from the ovary, the Corpus Luteum is formed from a
ruptured follicle.

Posttest
Read and understand each item carefully. Encircle the letter corresponding
to the word or group of words that completes the sentence.

1. Sperm cells are sensitive to temperature that is why the testes are located
outside the abdominal cavity and enclosed in a scrotum. At what temperature
the sperm cells are likely to divide?
A. 3⁰ C lower than 37⁰ C C. 5⁰ C lower than 37⁰ C
B. 3⁰ C higher than 37⁰ C D. 37⁰ C, same as normal body temperature

2. Which sequence of the organs correctly traces the path of the sperm from the
beginning of sperm production until the sperm leaves the body?
A. urethra vas deferens epididymis testes
B. vas deferens testes epididymis urethra
C. testes epididymis vas deferens urethra
D. testes vas deferens epididymis urethra

3. What do you call the male sex hormone responsible for the production of sperm
and the development of the males’ secondary sex characteristics?
A. Estrogen B. Inhibin C. Progesterone D. Testosterone

4. In what structure inside the ovary are egg cells form and mature?
A. Cilia B. Follicle C. Leydig cells D. Sertoli cell

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5. In what part of the female reproductive system must a sperm cell and an egg cell
meet for normal fertilization to take place?
A. Fallopian tube B. Ovary C. Uterus D. Vagina

6. What hormone causes the follicle to break and causes the egg cell to move out
from the ovary?
A. Estrogen C. Inhibin
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone D. Luteinizing hormone

7. After ovulation, the follicle undergoes physical changes forming into _____
A. corpus luteum. B. egg cell. C. embryo. D. hormone.

8. Which hormone plays an important role in gamete formation and secretion of

sex hormones?
A. LH and FSH B. GnRH and FSH C. GnRH only D. Inhibin and Activin

9. In what part of the ovary is an estrogen produced and secreted?

A. Corpus luteum B. Follicle cells C. Leydig cells D. Sertoli cells

10. What part of the testes is testosterone produced and secreted?

A. corpus luteum B. follicle cells C. Leydig cells D. Sertoli cells

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
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WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
LESSON 2 Students answer may vary
WHAT I CAN DO LESSON 1
WHAT I CAN DO
Students answer may vary WHAT’S IN
Students answer ASSESSMENT 1. sexual reproduction--B asexual
may vary 1. False 2. True 3. False 4. False 5. reproduction--A
True WHAT’S NEW
ASSESSMENT: Activity 1
LESSON 2 2. 1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland
1. False 2. True 3. 3. bulbourethral gland 4. Epididymis
WHAT’S IN
True 4. True 5. 5. vas deferens 6. Urethra 7.Penis
Matching Type
True 8. Testes
1. C 2. E 3.D 4.A 5. B
Activity 4 QUESTIONS
2. a.HYPOTHALAMUS—brain a. testes b. testes—epididymis—vas
PITUITARY deferens—urethra
GLAND—brain OVARIES-pelvic/hip c. a sperm cell is a male gamete; it
part fertilizes the egg cell to form a new
TESTES- pelvic/hip part individual
b. HYPOTHALAMUS- GnRH
PITUITARY GLAND- FSH; LH Activity 2
c. Students answer may vary 2. 1. Fallopian tube 2. Uterus 3.vagina
d. releases FSH and LH 4. ovary 5. Endometrium/uterine
e. OVARIES--estrogen lining
TESTES—testosterone QUESTIONS
f. when stimulated by LH a. ovary b. ovary—fallopian tube—
g. Students answer may vary uterus
WHAT’S MORE
CONCEPT MAPPING-See the next page
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Activity 3
Fill in the blanks
2. the colored parts in the illustration
are the passageway of sperm cells and
FSH,LH; GnRH; ANTERIOR PITUITARY egg cell
GLAND; FSH, LH; SPERMATOGENESIS;
OOGENESIS; LH;
TESTOSTERONE; ESTROGEN
Answer Key
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 References

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lorita A. Domingo

Content Editors: Alma B. Castaño

Jessica S. Mateo
Veronica A. Cena
Language Editor: Merian A. Dizon

Reviewers: PNU External Validator

Catherine C. Paningbatan
Illustrator/
Cover Illustrator: Luis Anthony A. Domingo
Lian Joseph A. Domingo
Layout Artists: Guiller P. Belen
Jemwel Dela Paz
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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