Robert Abiol-Grade 10 Mapeh 2

St.
Catherine Academy
Zone Libra, Suarez, Iligan City 9200
Tel. No. 225-9812
Living With Music, Art,

Physical Education & Health
JUNIOR HIGH DEPARTMENT
GRADE 10 – MODULE
QUARTER 1 - MUSIC
UNIT 1: Music Styles of the 20th Century

Content of the Module:
1. Impressionism in Music
2. Expressionism in Music
3. Avant-garde, Chance, and Electronic Music
1. Impressionism in Music
Impressionism-it all started in

the world of painting. Then it’s
enduring influence sweeped through
the world of music which resulted in
pieces that evoked mood, feeling,
atmosphere, or scene.
The 20th century is a period of many changes and a time of great expansion and
development. It was dominated by a chain of events that showed significant changes in
world history which included two global wars: World War I and World War II.
In music, advancement in technology during the 20 th century brought dramatic

innovations in forms and styles of music. A large number of music was composed and
became widely accessible to people through expanded channels of publication, recording,
concert performance, and educational resources. Because music was not confined in
concerts, theaters, and clubs, the artists and their music easily gained recognition and
popularity worldwide.
Music in this century brought new freedom and wide experimentation with new
musical style and forms. These musical styles were derived from developments of painting,
some were a continuation of earlier stylistic concepts, and others were musical concepts.
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The most famous scene in music history was the ballet of Igor Stravinsky’s The Rite
of Spring which nearly caused a riot among its audiences during its premiere in May 29,
1913 in Paris. Some conservative musicians and audiences during that time considered his
work as noise. It is now, however, highly recognized and commonly heard in jazz, rock, and
musical themes for movies and television.
IMPRESSIONISM is a French movement developed in the late 19 th and early 20th

century. This movement was derived from Claude Monet’s painting entitled Impression,
Sunrise in 1872. This style, borrowed from painting, tries to capture an immediate
impression of a subject with the use of light and color. In music, Impressionism was started
by Debussy in reaction to the dramatic emotionalism of romantic music.
IMPRESSIONIST COMPOSERS
1. Claude Debussy
Achille-Claude Debussy is one of the most highly

regarded French composer, founder, and the leading
exponent. His composition is distinctive and appealing
with combination of modernism, sensuality, and
technical innovation and is almost improvised that is,
sounds free and spontaneous. He also introduced the
whole tone scale that made his composition more
interesting.
Debussy was born from a poor family in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France on

August 22, 1862. At age seven, he started taking piano lessons, and at 11, he entered the
Paris Conservatory where he encountered Tchaikovsky’s wealthy patroness who employed
him as music teacher of her children.
At age 22, he won the Prix de Rome for his cantata L’Enfant Prodigue in 1884
and the prize allowed him to further study in the Italian capital for two years.
During his remaining years, Debussy spent his time in writing as a critic,
composing and performing his own works internationally. He died on March 25, 1918 of
colon cancer at the age of 55 in Paris, France.
2. Maurice Ravel
Joseph-Maurice Ravel was born in Ciboure, France

on March 7, 1875, to a Basque mother and Swiss
father. In 1889, at age 14, he entered Paris
Conservatory and enrolled as a pianist but later
shifted to composition under Gabriel Faure and
Andre Gedalge.
Ravel composed some of his known works during

this period such as the Pavane for a Dead Princess, the
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Sonatine for Piano, and String Quartet. He was noted for musical craftsmanship and
perfection of form and style in his works. Ravel’s compositional style is characterized
mainly by its uniquely innovative but not atonal style of harmonic treatment. Most of his
works deal with water in its flowing or stormy moods as well as with human
characterizations.
Some of his notable compositions include: Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899), a slow
but lyrical requiem; Jes d’Eau or Water Fountains (1901); String Quartet in F Major (1903);
Sonatine for Piano (1904); Miroirs or Mirrors (1905), a suite for solo piano; Gaspard de la Nuit
or Demons of the Night (1908), a virtuoso piano work in three movements inspired by a
poem that has a demonic and frightening nature.
In 1932, he was involved in a car accident that severely threatened his health.
During the last five years of his life, Ravel suffered from aphasia where he experienced
difficulties in speaking, listening, reading, and writing. In 1937, he had a brain surgery but
the operation was unsuccessful. On December 28 of the same year, Ravel died.
The important terms that can help you better understand this lesson.
Impressionism A style of musical composition designed to create subtle

moods and impressions.
Hazy Obscured or made dim or cloudy by or as if by haze
Basque A member of a people inhabiting the western Pyreness on

the Bay of Biscay
Virtuoso A highly skilled musical performer
Activity #1
1. Write a reflection on the things you learned in this lesson and their relevance to you. Tell
how you can apply what you have learned in your daily life and cite specific instances in
which you feel these learnings will come handy.
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2. Expressionism in Music
Expressionism is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20 th century.

The term Expressionism was originally borrowed from painting which intended to express
strong emotion such as anxiety, anger, and feeling of isolation. In music, it is characterized
by subjectivity, dissonance, and atonality. It made use of polytonality, and the twelve-tone
scale which was established by Arnold Schoenberg, the central figure of expressionism and
one of the members of the Second Viennese School. Schoenberg’s students Anton Webern
and Alban Berg are also known expressionist composers.
EXPRESSIONIST COMPOSERS
1. Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg was

th
the early 20 century. He created a new method in
composition using the twelve-tone system. He was a
self-taught musician, who was born in Vienna,
Austria on September 13, 1874. He began to
compose simple pieces for the violins at age eight
even without a formal training.
In 1901, Schoenber
Uberbrettl, an artistic cabaret in Germany. With the
help of a German composer, Richard Strauss, he
became a composition teacher at the Stern
Conservatory.
In 1902, he composed Pelleas und Melisande Op. 5, his only symphonic poem for
large orchestra. In 1903, Schoenberg came back to Vienna and became acquainted with
Gustav Mahler, an Austrian composer who became one of his strongest supporters. He
encountered an artistic crisis in 1912 and for almost a decade he had not completed a new
major piece.
During those years, Schoenberg earned money mainly from private teaching and
some of his students who gained a notable career in music were the Austrian composers
Alban Berg and Anton Webern. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Schoenberg left
Europe and migrated in America where he spent most of his life.
Schoenberg developed a more systematic method of organizing atonal music or the

twelve-tone system. He manipulated the tone row or the unifying idea through four basic
forms.
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2. Igot Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky is a Russian

composer, pianist, conductor, and was
considered as one of the most popular and
influential composers of the 20th century due to
his innovative stylistic variations. He was born
in Oranienbaum, Russia on June 17, 1882 from a
musical family. At an early age, he started taking
piano and showed passion in music. Despite his
love for music, his parents wanted him to
become a lawyer and was enrolled in a law
school.
After the death of his father, he pursued to study music and met Nikolai Rimsky-
Korsakov, a famous Russian composer who became his teacher.
In 1909, Sergei Diaghilev, the founder of the ballets Russes in Paris invited him to
Orchestrate Chopin’s work for his ballet and in turn led to the commission of his ballet The
Firebird in 1910. His fame was reinforced with the production of his Petrushka in 1911, and
The Rite of Spring which nearly triggered a riot upon its premiere in 1913 and was later
hailed for its revolutionary score.
Expressionism A theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the subjective

emotions and responses that objects and events arouse in
the artist.
Retrograde Occurring or performed in a backward direction
Inversion Changing or reversing the relative positions of the notes of a

musical interval, chord, or phrase
Activity #2
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.
1. _________ is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20 th century.

2. The 12-tone scale was established by _______.
3. _________ is the most popular and influential 20 th century Russian composer, pianist,
and conductor.
4. One of the most influential figures in music and founder of musical modernism of the
early 20th century is ________
5. _________ is a composition of Stravinsky which nearly triggered a riot upon its premiere
in 1913.
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3. Avant-garde, Chance, and Electronic Music
The 20th century brought various changes in music history. The advancement of
science and technology led to the development of electronic devices such as synthesizers,
computers, cassette tape recorders, compact discs, digital video disc, and mobile phones.
These were utilized by composers for recording and creating music.
Avant-garde is a French word for “advance guard” or “vanguard”, which is used to describe
the musical styles that evolved after 1945. It is a term that is considered to be the center of
experimentation and innovation applied in music. It is also associated with electronic
music and deals with the parameters of sound. Avant-garde composers includes George
Gershwin, Leonard Bernstein, and Philip Glass.
1. George Gershwin
George Gershwin was

th
20 century. He was a great pianist and regarded as the
“Father of Jazz music.”
He was born
immigrants. Gershwin began his musical education at age
11. When he dropped out of school at age 15, he became a
pianist in some clubs in New York and as a rehearsal
pianist in Broadway musicals. He also worked in Tin Pan
Alley as a song-plugger and soon started to write his own
music.
In 1924, Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue for piano and orchestra was first performed in
Whiteman’s concert. From then on, he continued to compose larger works together with his
brother, Ira, as his lyricist.
In 1937, he experienced severe headaches, dizziness, and blackouts and was

diagnosed with malignant brain tumor. On July 11 of the same year, Gershwin died during
his surgery in Hollywood, California at age 38.
2. Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein
immigrant. A composer, musician, author, lecturer, and a
pianist, Bernstein received his big break when he conducted
the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1943. He was one of
the first conductors in the US who received a worldwide
acclaim.
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Some of his best works include the Three Symphonies: he also composed
serenade, mass chichester psalms, songfest, divertiment for orchestra, arias and
barcarolles, concerto for orchestra and his popular musical, West Side Story, in 1957 and
the Broadway hit, Candice.
He also published a collection of lectures such as: The Joy of Music in 1959, Young
People’s Concerts for Reading and Listening in 1962, The infinite Variety of Music in 1966,
and The Unanswered Question in 1976. On October 13, 1990, after battling emphysema,
Leonard Bernstein died in New York at the age of 72.
3. Philip Glass
Philip Glass was an avant-garde composer and

exponent of minimalist movement. He first assisted
Ravi Shankar on a film soundtrack as his first job,
which started his successful cinema career and
scored over fifty movies.
He was born in Baltimore on January 31, 1937

and studied with Nadia Boulanger and Ravi Shankar
and later formed the Philip Glass Ensemble in 1967. He worked with playwright Robert
Wilson to produce his first opera, Einstein on the Beach in 1967 at the New York
Metropolitan Opera House.
He wrote more operas including Satyaghara in 1980 which is based on the life of
Mahatma Gandhi. He composed several symphonies and concertos which he performed
internationally. Glass also provided scores for movies namely Koyaanisqatsi (1982),
Hamburger Hill (1987), Candyman (1992), The Truman Show (1998) to name a few.
He received academy award nominations for the musical scores of Kundun in 1997,
The hours in 2002 and Notes on a Scandal in 2006. Glass alternately lives in Scotia,
Canada and New York, USA today.
Chance Music or Aleatory

Chance Music or Aleatory is a 20 th century music in which undetermined elements
are left to chance and/or some elements of a composed work’s realization are left to the
performer’s discretion. The composers uses the element of chance as part of the
composition that produces sound.
The performers are given the freedom to choose the order or to arrange the structure
of the piece. In some points of the musical score, the performers are allowed to improvise.
1. John Cage
John Milton Cage

1992 in New York. He was an American avant-garde
composer whose inventive compositions and
th
unconventional ideas greatly influenced 20 century music.
His early
his teacher. In 1939, he experimented and worked on
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“prepared piano” where he inserted objects such as screws, wood, and paper between the
piano strings to produce percussive and other worldly sound effects. In 1943, Cage marked
the first step as a leader of the American musical avant-garde with his percussive ensemble
concert at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
Electronic Music
Electronic Music refers to the music produced by synthesizes and other electronic
instruments and devices. Composers of this genre used electronic equipment to produce
sounds of their desired loudness, softness, pitch, rhythm, duration, and tone color. A type
of electronic music is “Musique Concrete”, a major creative movement of the avant-garde
usic that uses a tape recorder. It uses different sounds from the environment recorded on
magnetic tapes and played through amplifiers.
The sounds are arranged in different ways by playing the tape recorder in a fast or
slow mode, forward, or reverse. Some of the composers of this style are Karlheinz
Stockhausen, Edgard Varese, and Mario Davidovsky.
1. Karlheinz Stockhausen
Karlheinz Stockhausen
composers of electronic and serial music who
strongly influenced the avant-garde composers
from 1950 through 1980s.
Stockhausen exper
Some of his works are Song of the Youth in 1956
where he mixed electronic sounds from the voice of
a boy singing; Kontake from 1958-1960, a work
between electronic sounds and instrumental
music; Mikrophonie in 1964 where performers
produced a massive sound on large gongs with highly amplified microphones and electronic
filters; Stimmung or Tuning in 1968 composed of six vocalist with microphones and text
consisting of names, words, days of the week in German and English.
2. Edgard Varese
Edgard Varese was a French-born

American innovative composer of the 20th century,
was born on December 22, 1883 in Paris, France.
His music was characterized as dissonant, non-
thematic, and rhythmically asymmetric which he
considered as bodies of sound in space.
He founded the International Composers’

Guild in 1921 and the Pan-American Association
of composers in 1962, which is responsible in
performances, premiers, and promotion of the
works of Bartok, Berg, Webern, and others.
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His works include Hyperprism for wind instruments and percussion in 1923;
Ionisation for percussion, piano, and two sirens in 1931; and Density 21.5 for
unaccompanied flute in 1936. He employed tape-recorded sounds in his Deserts in 1952
and with his Poeme Electronique wherein the sound was intended to be distributed by 425
speakers which he wrote for Brussels World Fair in 1958. Edgard Varese died in New York,
USA on November 8, 1965.
Avant-garde An intelligentsia that develops new or experimental

concepts especially in the arts
Aleatoric music Characterized by chance or indeterminate elements
Minimalistic One who favors restricting the functions and powers of a

political organization or the achievement of a set of goals to
a minimum.
Activity #3
Write the correct answer on the space before each number.
______ 1. It is a French word for “advance guard” or vanguard.

______ 2. Who is the American avant-garde composer whose inventive compositions and
unconventional ideas greatly influenced 20th century music?
______ 3. He is one of the leading composers of electronic and serial music.
______ 4. It is a style that is closely associated with electronic music and deals with the
parameters of sound.
______ 5. It is a 20th century music style in which undetermined elements are left to chance
and/or some elements of a composed work’s realization are left to the performers’ direction.
______ 6. Who composed the song “Someone to Watch Over Me”?
______ 7. What do you call the music style produced by synthesizers and other electronic
instruments and devices?
______ 8. Who was considered the “Father of American Jazz”?
______ 9. He was a French-born American innovative composer of the 20 th century.
______ 10. Who was an avant-garde composer and exponent of minimalist movement?
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UNIT 2: Afro, Latin American, Jazz, and
Popular Music
1. African Music
2. Latin American Music
3. Jazz Music
4. Popular Music
1. African Music
Africa has a
generation to generation. The European colonization
of Africa and the African slave trade paved the way
to the spread of African music to different parts of
the world.
As a re
and society has changed. They learned to adapt to
the new situation in which they found themselves.
African music remains very important until now
despite some changes in the forms of music
including the infusion of instruments, musical
styles, and genres from outside the African continent.
Traditional Music of Africa
Music in Africa plays an important role in their daily life, from birth until death. They
use music in their work, in their religious ceremonies, rituals, festivities, and even as a
mode of communication. It also became their instrument to express their sentiments and
emotions. Their songs, dances, and instrumental playing are also used in their personal
celebrations including birth, baptism, marriage, and death. African people also believed in
the power of music to cure the sick, cast away evil spirits, paying respect to good spirits,
the lead, and the ancestors.
Traditional African forms share the same common traits despite its diversity, Its
emphasis is placed more strongly or rhythms than melody or harmony. They used
repetition as an organizing principle on top of which an improvisation is built.
African Styles of Music
1. Afrobeat
Combines West African musical styles such as Yoruba music, jazz, highlife, funk
rhythms, and fused with African percussion and vocal styles.
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2. Apala (Akpala)
Is a musical style developed in the late 1930 from Nigerian people of Yoruba. This
style was used during the Islamic holy month of Ramadan to wake the worshippers after
fasting. The Apala rhythms were influenced by Cuban music that grew more complex and
later became quite popular in Nigeria.
3. Axe
Is a popular style of music fused with Afro-Carribean styles of Marcha, Reggae, and
Calypso. This word came from Yoruba religious greetings which means soul, light, spirit, or
good vibration.
4. Jit
Is a popular style of Zimbabwean dance music that features quick and fast rhythm
played on drums and accompanied by a guitar. It was popularized by Chazezesa
Challengers, The Four Brothers, and Bhundu Boys band in the 1980s.
5. Jive
Is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug which was originated in the
United States in the early 1930s from African-Americans.
6. Juju
Is a popular style of music from Nigeria that derives from traditional Yoruba
percussion. It is characterized by the use of the African talking drums, agogo, sekere, bata,
omelet along with other western instruments such as the guitars, bass, keyboards, and
drums that can be performed in any occasion, events, and concerts.
7. Kwassa kwassa
Is a dance style which begun in Zaire and developed by Kanda Bongo Man in the late
1980s and early 1990s. It is a dance rhythm from Congo, where the dancers move their
hands in a motion that corresponds to the movement of their hips.
8. Marabi
Marabi, was a name given to a keyboard style similar to American ragtime and blues
with roots of African tradition originated in the 1920s. It is characterized by repeated
harmonic patterns and a few simple chords in different improvised patterns to let the
people dance for an extended period of time.
Caribbean The Eastern and Southern West Indies, or the Carribbean

sea
Yoruba A Niger-Congo language of Southwestern Nigeria and parts
of Benin and Togo.
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Activity #4
Write the correct answer on a space provided.
________ 1. It is a popular style of Zimbabwean dance music.
________ 2. The simultaneous combination of several musical parts.
________ 3. A popular style of music from Nigeria that derives from traditional Yoruba
percussion.
________ 4. It incorporates the elements of music, jazz, highlife and funk rhythm.
________ 5. It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug which was originated in
the U.S. from African-American.
________ 6. A musical style developed from Nigerian people of Yuruba
________ 7. What do you call a group of two musicians alternately singing?
________ 8. It is a dance style which began in Zaire and developed by Kanda Banjo Man.
________ 9. What is a popular style of music fused with Afro-Carribbean styles of Marcha,
Reggae, and Calypso?
________ 10. It is a name given to a keyboard style similar to American ragtime and blues
with roots of African tradition.
2. Latin American Music
Latin America
America, and the entire Caribbean
colonized by Spain and Portugal. The music
of Latin America varies from the region
where it came from, the mixture of
influence, fusion of races, religions, and
cultural heritage from pre-Columbian times
to present.
When the
influenced the folk and art music of the
Caribbean island nations. They provided
the foundation of musical styles mostly in the Caribbean and Latin America.
Musical Instruments of Latin America
1. Bongos
Is a percussion instrument of Afro-Cuban, consisting of a pair of small drums of
different sizes. It is the most widespread hand drum in Cuba commonly played in Cuban
son, salsa, and Afro-Cuban jazz style. The bongos are played with the fingers and hands to
make a high, dry, and tapping sound held between the knees.
2. Marimba
Is a percussion instrument in Latin America consisting of a set of wooden bars,
placed over tuned metal resonators and played with two padded mallets. The marimba was
developed by the African slaves in Central America, and now considered as Guatemala’s
national instrument.
3. Guiro
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Is a Latin American percussion instrument commonly used in Puerto Rican, Cuban,
and other forms of Latin American music. It consists of a hollow gourd with parallel
notches cut in one side and played by rubbing the notches using a stick or tines.
4. Maracas
Is a percussion instrument created and first used by the native Indians of Puerto
Rico. Maracas is used in pairs in Latin America and Puerto Rican music to create a unique
sound. It is made from gound filled with seeds or pebbles and often use in pair as rhythm
instrument.
5. Quena
Is a traditional flute in South America mostly used by Andean musicians. It is made
from totora, which is open on both ends with six finger holes and one thumb hole.
6. Zampona
Is a South American wind instrument which belongs to the pan-pipe or pan-flute
family. It is made from series of cane tubes bound together, open at one end and closed on
the other end. It was originated in Peru and Bolivia, known as folk instrument and could be
considered as the first mouth organ.
7. Charango
Is a South American stringed instrument of the lute family traditionally made from
the shell of an armadillo or tortoise.
Latin American Music Influenced by African Music
1. Salsa
Is a Latin American popular music blending, predominantly Cuban rhythms with
elements of jazz, rock, and soul music. It covers a wide range of styles from son, guaracha,
chacha mambo to guajira.
2. Samba
Is a Brazilian dance of African origin performed in groups, by couples, or as solo. It is
considered the dance of joy in Rio’s Carnival celebration.
3. Soca
Is a style of music derived from calypso and American soul music which originated in
the Caribbean island of Trinidad and Tobago.
4. Zouk
Is a sensual partner dance dance made popular in the French Caribbean with origins
in Lambada and Zouk dance rhythms.
Vocal and Dance Music in Latin America

Latin America produced a massive diversity of musical styles, instruments, and
performance practice. Their music became one of the most popular music in the world and
have influenced the styles and genres of many countries.
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1. Cumbia
Is a Latin-American dance music similar to salsa of Columbian origin which is
accompanied by guitar, accordions, bass guitar, and percussion. It started as a courtship
dance practiced by the African slave population and was traditionally performed in the
street by pairs of men and women.
2. Tango
Is one of the most fascinating of all the dances. It originated in Buenos Aires in the
late 19th century. It is a dance in duple time, characterized by marked rhythms, long gliding
steps, and abrupt pauses.
3. Rumba
Is one of the most sensual Latin dance styles of Cuban origin. It is a dance of love
and passion in a slow, serious, romantic dance with flirtation between the partners. Rumba
is in slow rhythm in duple meter which combines complex footwork with a pronounced
movement of the hips.
4. Cha Cha Cha

Is an energetic modern dance similar to mambo, which involves small fast stps and
swaying hip movements. It is a LatinAmerican dance originated in Cuba where it evolved
from the older form of Cuban dance called danzon.
5. Bossa Nova
Is a Brazilian style of music developed and popularized in the late 1950s in Rio de
Janeiro. The term “bossa” means “new trend” or “fashionable wave”, a fusion of samba and
jazz that became popular among the young musicians and college students in the 1960s.
Bossa Nova music incorporate themes on women, love, longing, and loneliness and
commonly accompanied by a nylon-string classic guitar.
6. Reggae
Is a style of popular African Caribbean music originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s.
It is similar to rock music and characterized by a strong syncopated rhythm blending with
blues, calypso, and rock-n-roll.
7. Foxtrot
Is a ballroom in simple duple meter that combines short, quick, and long steps in
different patterns. It is a romantic dance consisting of fairly simple walking steps and side
steps. It is a combination of slow steps, which use two beats of music, and a quick steps,
which use one beat of music.
8. Paso Doble
Is a Spanish folk dance which means “Two Steps”. It is a dance in duple meter which
was originally used during the procession at the beginning of bullfight. This ballroom dance
for couples was created to dramatize the movements of the toreador at the bullfight.
Bossa Literally means “new trend”

Diversity Mixed; variety
Resonators An apparatus that increases the hollow part of a musical
Activity #5 14
Identify the following Latin American musical instruments.
1. ______________ 4. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________ 5. ______________
3. Jazz Music
Jazz is a music
characterized by a heavy improvisation,
polyrhythms, syncopation, and swing note.
It was said to be the music of the African
slaves expressing their feelings of sadness,
sorrows, misfortune, injustices, and
sentiments during their desperate
condition.
Jazz is a style of music that spread all over the world and drew on different national,
regional, and local musical culturies, which led to the development of different styles.
Different Styles of Jazz Music
1. Ragtime
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Music is one of the predecissors of jazz which became popular towards the end of the
19 century and the first two decades of the 20 th century. It is a style of early jazz music
th
originated from the African American communities like St. Louis and New Orleans.
This style was written largely for the piano, characterized by jauntry rhythms and
whimisical mood. The famous composer and performer of Ragtime music was Scott Joplin
known as the “King of Ragtime.” His popular pieces include “The Entertainer” and “Maple
Leaf Rag”
2. Bigband
Is a type of musical ensemble that originated in the US during the Swing Era from
the early 1930s until the late 1940s. It is a musical ensemble that usually plays swing or
jazz music typically for dancing.
3. Bebop or Bop
Is a style of jazz music originating in the 1940s, and characterized by complex
harmonies, fast tempo, eccentric rhythms, and intricate melody. It is associated primarily
with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.
4. Jazz Rock
Is a musical genre developed in the late 1960s that combines the element of jazz
improvisation with rock rhythms. It is in synonym with “jazz fusion”, a style usually
performed on amplified electronic instruments.
Instruments Used in Jazz Music
1. Saxophone
Are usually associated with Jazz music. In smaller ensembles, the saxophone
provides the melody line. Its sweet sound creates a variety of mood. It is used in ballads
and upbeat swings and jazz tunes.
2. Trumpet
Are found in smaller ensembles or big bands. Usually they create the harmonies
most found in Jazz music. They can also provide the melody countermelody, or the
background of the music.
3. Trombone
Is commonly found in big bands. Its role is similar to the trumpet and the saxophone.
4. Piano
Is used in various situations in Jazz music. It can be used as a solo instrument or as
an accompaniment to music. The variety of notes and chords that the piano gives makes it
a versatile instrument. The piano is a part of the rhythm section in a big band.
5. Guitar
Bass guitars or string guitars are usually found in big and small jazz ensembles.
They are often played in the rhythm section and is most responsible in providing the bass
line of the music.
6. Drums
Play an important role in the rhythm of any music. It sets the tempo and style of the
music.
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Polyrhythm The simultaneous combination of contrasting rhythms in

music
Syncopation A temporary displacement of the regular metrical accent in
music caused typically by stressing the weak beat.
Activity #6
Describe each form of Jazz music.
1. Ragtime music 2. Bigband 3. Bebop 4. Jazz Rock
4. POPULAR MUSIC
Popular Music is
appeal to large audiences most
especially to young people. Also known
as pop music, this style is often written
and advertised commercially to general
public to achieve mass distribution and
sales.
This genre was

performances, radio, videos, recordings,
and/or similar media.
Different popular
and roll, alternative music, and disco.
Types of Popular Music
1. Ballad
Came from the French chanson balladee or “ballade” which originally refers to
dancing song. It is a sentimental and popular song that tells a story in a short stanza and
simple words, with repetition and refrain.
2. Standard
Is a song that remained popular for several decades and performed by different
musicians or bands. The term began to apply when rock and roll increased its popularity in
the late 1950s and early 1960s. It is usually in a slow or moderate tempo and characterized
by singable melodies within a range. Some of the most important proponents of standard
music includes Frank Sinatra known as the Ol’ Blue Eyes, Chairman of the Board.
3. Rock and Roll
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Originated from Africa and developed in the United States during the late 1940s to
the 1950s. It is a mixture of country music, rhythm and blues, jazz and gospel music
played with an electric guitar, a bass guitar, a drum set and often with piano or keyboard.
Elvis Presley was considered the “King of Rock and Roll” in 1950 with his famous songs
Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes.
4. Disco
Is a style of dance music popular in the 1970s consisting of the elements of funk,
soul, pop, and salsa. The term Disco came from the French word “discotheque” which
means a library of phonograph records. Disco music usually accompanied by strings,
horns, electric guitars, electric piano, or synthesizers. Some known disco hits and
performers in 1970s include: Dancing Queen by ABBRA, Stayin’ Alive by Bee Gees.
5. Pop Music
Continue to evolve as well as greatest singers and performers emerged. Some of the
famous pop singers and their songs are: Neil Sedaka, Diana Ross, Stevie Wonder, Celine
Dion.
6. Alternative Music
Is a style of music that developed from the independent music underground of the
1980s. It became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s, this genre was regarded as more
electrical, original, or challenging than most popular music.
Contemporary Marked by characteristics of the present period.

Ballad A slow romantic or sentimental song
Disco Popular dance music characterized by hypnotic rhythm,
repetitive lyrics, and electronically produced sounds.
Activity #7
Fill in the boxes with the name of artist and genre of each given song title.
Title of the Song Artist Genre

1. Material Girl
2. Born Free
3. Dancing Queen
4. My Way
5. YMCA
FIRST QUARTER EXAM

Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: _____________
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Test I. Complete the sentence by writing down what or who is being referred to in
each item.
1. Another term for Chance music is ______.
2. The most important feature of Neoclassicism is the revival of interest in ____ technique.
3. ______ was an enthomusicologist whose works reflect Hungarian flavor.
4. Germany gave birth to this art movement called _____.
5. The ______, a composition of Stravinsky, triggered a riot upon its premier in 1913.
6. ______, a French musician, refused to be bound by his school’s composition rules.
7. ______ is an art movement that tries to capture an immediate impression of a subject
with the use of light and color.
8. John Cage is one of the composers of the _____ music style.
9. The famous songs, “Someone to Watch Over Me” and “The Way You Look Tonight” were
composed by _____.
10. “Four minutes and Thirty-three Seconds” is an example of _____ music.
11. Colonialism and _____ brought the African music to different parts of the world.
12. Having a wide appeal to large audiences, especially the young people, is a characteristic
of ______.
13. _______ refers to the music of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the entire
Carribean colonized by Spain and Portugal.
14. Heavy improvisation, polyrhythms, syncopation, and swing note characterize _______.
15. A strong rhythm more emphasized than melody and harmony, repetition, frequently
polyphonic or polyrythmic, and conversational are characteristics that tell about ______.
Test II. Classify each music as African, Latin American, Jazz, and Popular. Write your
answer before each item.
________ 1. Axe _________ 11. Shekere

________ 2. Bebop _________ 12. Kora
________ 3. Disco _________ 13. Saxophone
________ 4. Ballad _________ 14. Charango
________ 5. Foxtrot _________ 15. Bongos
________ 6. Standard _________ 16. Piano
________ 7. Ragtime _________ 17. Mbira
________ 8. Reggae _________ 18. Musical bow
________ 9. Call-and-response _________ 19. Marimba
________ 10. Juju _________ 20. Zampona
St. Catherine Academy

Tel. No. 225-9812
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GRADE 10 – MODULE
QUARTER 2 - ARTS
UNIT 1: Modernity in Art

1. Rendering the Natural World in New Ways
2. Towards Symbolism
3. Searching for Pure Forms
4. The Dance of Pure Forms
1. Rendering the Natural World in New Ways
Artists in the second half of the 19 th century were exploring new ways of figuration.
Some retreated to the French countryside, in a place called Barbizon. The countryside
allowed them to see picturesque views of landscape and waters. Artists were also veering
away from painting grand historical themes and allegories of 19 th century values like
freedom, liberty, and equality.
Artists were looking for new ways to represent the world. Thus, a movement known
as Impressionism rose at the close of the 19 th century, lasting through the early 20 th
century. Modern Art begins with the story of the Impressionists in Europe. Later, artists
inspired by the Impressionists sought new ways of innovation and individual uniqueness.
The Post-Impressionists took a more subjective approach to art, further departing from a
realistic modes of representing the natural world.
Impressionism
Claude Monet exhibited a landscape with impasto strokes. He was so in love with the
countryside of his native Normandy, France, and sought to represent reality using
approaches that were quite new at that time. Monet then studied the effect of natural light
on landscapes at different times of day and realized that they tend to change depending on
the time of day and the color of light produced during this particular time of day.
In a painting that he exhibited in 1874, the orange sunrise can barely be delineated
beneath layers of blue and gray hues. A critic dismissed this as mere impressions-not a
legitimate work of art. Monet and a group of painters displayed their works in an
independent exhibition that they fondly called The Salon of the Refused, in reference to the
rigid academies of the art that sponsored exhibition in salons.
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In 1890, Monet arranged the wheat stacks left over by the winter in his countryside
home. He painted them at different times of day until summer came. Once he has
committed the image to his memory, Monet then worked inside the studio to apply the
finishing touches. Color harmonies created visual interest in the painting-tinges of pink in
the sky, nuanced blue for the wheatstacks’ shadow, highlights of white to represent
glimmering light on wheat stacks. His brush strokes were thick enough so that the pigment
was raised a bit from the surface.
In contrast, Edgar Degas went to the Royal Paris Opera House to observe the dancers
from the audience row and as a backstage visitor. In the 1870s, Degas’ canvases were filled
with dancers rehearsing. Degas was interested in the spontaneity of body language and
gestures, the fleeting choreographies on stage and in the rehearsal dance floor, the
luminosity of light on translucent ballerina tutus.
Degas painted Le Class de Danse or The Dance Class from 1871-1874. A ballerina
executes a dance form to demonstrate her virtuosity while around 24 women stand by to
watch. A famous choreographer, Jules Perrot, is depicted in the painting. The painting
reveals Dega’s unique vantage point. The lines of perspective converge diagonally, so that
the gradation of emphasis occurs along a diagonal line.
Meanwhile, Auguste Renoir observed people in cafes, streets, and bars. He painted
Les Parapluies or The Umbrellas in 1880-1881. The painting is characterized by a dark and
somber color palette of grays and indigos. The painting shows a busy Parisian street in
which the crowds of people are walking under the rain. A mother is seen gazing at her
daughter. Together, mother and daughter partly conceal a woman at the center of the
frame, closing her umbrella.
The Post-impressionists
Vincent Van Gogh is a self-taught Dutch artist from Antwerp. He went to France and
got acquainted with the French avant-garde artists such as Pissarro, Georges Seurat, Henri
Toulouse Lautrec, and Emile Bernard. He was inspired by the unnatural color palette and
impaso brush strokes of the Impressionists. He saw that some of them were inspired by
Japanese print-making in the sense that they chose to render the picture plane flat and
make the forms clearly delineated.
Vincent Van Gogh saw art not as a copy of nature but a departure from nature. He
retreated to the countryside because he wanted to live close to nature. Van Gogh made the
painting, Iries, during the latter years of his life. His brother Theo submitted the work to an
independent salon.
Some artists like Georges Seurat applied dabs of primary colors and allowed them to
be optically combined by the viewer’s eye at a certain distance. Critics saw this as a
scientific approach. In the paintings, figures are almost unrecognizable except for the
shapes and contours that vaguely resembled silhouettes of the human form.
Paul Gaugin depicted local flora and fauna and people from Tahiti. Back, then,
cultures that were non-European and non-American were considered backward and
primitive. Artists found this idea interesting and sought to depict images that they
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considered exotic. Note though that the terms backward, primitive, and exotic have long
been disavowed and are considered racist by today’s standards.
Henri Matisse and a group of artists exhibited in a salon in 1905. Their paintings
were characterized by vivid colors that had no regard for the subject’s actual colors. The
representation of space do not approximate the natural world and the images instead
lacked spatial depth. They called themselves the Fauves, literally translated as “wild beats”.
His painting Harmony in Red or Red Room shows the interiors of household.
Spatial depth Illusion that the space on canvas is three dimensional and
has depth extending from foreground to background
Luminosity Perception of light on painting due to amount of brightness
Compositional variety Use of different elements and principles of art to create
variety
Asymmetrical composition One part carries heavier visual weight than the other
Activity #8
DO THIS!!!!
1. In a short bond paper, choose one of the masterpiece of Claude Monet and Draw it.
2. Towards Symbolism
Symbolism was a modernist movement that emerged in the early 20 th century. The
term was used initially in poetry and painting. The poet Charles Baudelaire, in his poem,
“Correspondences” writes: “Man passes through this forest of symbols.”
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Several artistic styles are associated with symbolism since it is more of a creative
strategy than a singular style. The movement was considered by the art historian Robert
Williams as absolute art because of artist’s refusal to be confined to the limits of the
natural world. Instead of copying nature, the artist must rely on his imagination and render
the world subjectively. An artist may also respond to the world by expressing emotions and
ideas that arise from his or her intuition.
Expressionism and New Objectivism

One of the artistic styles that leaned towards symbolism is Expressionism. Edvard
Munch made a painting called The Scream in 1893. Using oil, tempera, pastel, and crayon,
Munch depicted an agonized expression of a human-like figure. The figure appears
distorted and the scream is set against a backdrop of orange skies. Munch called this
painting by its German title, translated as The Scream of Nature. It became iconic of
Expressionism in Europe.
The style called Expressionism emerged in Germany at the beginning of the 20 th
century, used by an obscure writer describing a work. Artists described as Expressionists
are known for distorting shapes and using unnatural colors to make the representation of
the world entirely subjective. Expressionism was considered cutting edge or avant-garde
before the First World War. The Weimar Republic ruled during this time and the center of
power was Berlin.
Max Beckmann (1884-1950) was a German painter, draftsma, printmaker, sculptor,
and writer. In the 1920s, he was associated with the Expressionists although he referred to
his works as New Objectivity. The Weimar Republic recognized Beckmann. He received
several accolades and launched exhibitions. His works were well received in museums in
Berlin and other German cultural centers.
Beckmann’s work, entitled Die Nacht (1918-19) show the terror of one night. Three
men have invaded a small house. The man of the household was hung and tortured by the
intruders. His arm was violently twisted. The woman of the house was bound to one of the
posts of the room after having been violated.
Surrealism
The word “surrealist” was used by a playwright named Guillaume Apollinaire. He
wrote a preface to his 1903 play performed in 1917. His scenic backdrops and set designs
were considered dream-like and irrational. It is from the use of this term that artists
converged around a movement called Surrealism.
In the field of the sciences and academic circles, Sigmund Freud’s theory of the
unconscious gained momentum. Andre Breton, a writer who worked in a neurological
hospital, observed the experiments on soldier suffering from post-traumatic stress from the
war. He became one of the leading figures of Surrealism and published an essay in 1928.
Salvador Dali painted The Persistence of Memory, a barren landscape with distorted shapes
that appear like melting clocks. The painting alludes to the tentativeness of memory and
the elusiveness of rationality.
Giorgio de Chirico was one of the artists allied with the Surrealists. La Rouge or The
Red Tower shows a dream-like barren landscape with a massive tower arising out of
nowhere. There are no human figures in the scene. The quiet and barren vastness appear
desolate and the tower appears mysterious.
Influences in the Philippine Context

23
In the Philippine context, the Crucifixion series of National Artist “Ang Kiukok”
underscores pain and suffering. In his paintings, the corpus of Christ and the cross are
often distorted and the figures unnaturally colored. Onib Olmedo’s paintings of protest
against social inequities often show distorted human figures. The stylistic characteristics of
their works are similar to those of the Expressionists. These artists were associated with
the Neorealist movement in the Philippines.
The movement does not prefer a single style but is a broad term used for artists
exploring new ways of figuration. Their works were initially seen in a series of exhibitions
hosted by the Philippine Art Gallery in the 1960s. Meanwhile, some of the painters who
have deployed surrealist imagery in their works include Charlie Co, Rishab Tibon, Mariano
Ching and many more. It must be noted however that Filipino artists do not associate
themselves with European Expressionism and Surrealism.
Empirical truth Exact conformity as learned by observation or experiment;

truth as knowable from what can be scientifically proven.
Objectivity Knowledge arising from tangible, visible, stable in form,
external to the mind; from Latin objects which means to
see.
Absolute art Art does not defer to the natural world and arises from
artist’s imagination
Unconscious The part of the mind that is only rarely accessible to
awareness but that has a pronounced influenced on
behavior.
Activity #9
DO THIS!!!!
1. In a short bond paper, choose one of the masterpiece of Max Beckmann and Draw it.
3. Searching for Pure Forms

In the early 20th century, several artists sought freedom from the necessity to depict
realistic landscapes, objects, and people as practiced in the academies of fine art and as
preferred in exhibitions at the salons. Artists then sought for pure forms. One of the two
stylistic tendencies in this lesson include the reduction of a figure into a cone, sphere, and
24
cube. Another stylistic tendency is the use of geometric and biomorphic shapes as a way to
take away a viewer’s sense of familiarity with the object of perception.
Abstract Sculpture
Constantin Brancusi redefined sculpture. He was born in Romania but he moved to
Paris after 1904. Brancusi tried to develop an approach that broke free from the realistic
rendering of forms, as seen in the Renaissance, Baroque, and Neoclassical periods in
European art.
Brancusi chose to render figures symbolically. Only a few elements of the
composition refer to the subject. In The Kiss, the male and female figures are suggested by
the differences in figuration. The tall block of stone has been symmetrically divided in two
inter-related figures. The woman is depicted as having a rounded breast and long falling
hair.
Brancusi carved anthropomorphic or human-like forms in stone as a departure from
a well-known iconographical representation from Dante’s Inferno, in which Francesca and
Paolo were cast in the gates of hell because of their adulterous relationship. Sculptors like
Auguste Rodin have also rendered his own version of The Kiss but the human figures are
more realistic in representation. Brancusi’s sculpture bears no reference at all to Dante’s
Inferno.
Henry Moore was a British sculptor. He took his inspiration from non-Western art.
His sculptures typically show biomorphic forms with no reference to allergy, person, object,
or historical event. He did not render figures for symbolic purposes and delights in the
material properties of the work and its pure formal elements. He chose to work directly on
his materials so that the end-result is not pre-conceived.
Cubism
Georges Braque experimented with geometrical shapes and simultaneous perspective

in his paintings. He studied the effects of light to actual geometric shapes and rendered
these through variations in tint, tone, and shade. He began experimenting with Cubism in
1908 and worked closely with Pablo Picasso in 1909. They painted side by side in 1911 in
the French Pyrenees. They also experimented with collage in 1912.
The term “cubism” emerged in 1911 when critics referred to artists then exhibiting at
the Salon des Independants. Cubism became a byword in Paris and Europe. Braque
retreated to Normandy in 1916 and worked alone. He made sure that a human figure
surfaced and titled the painting as Blue Guitar. For Braque, an artist experiences beauty in
terms of pure formal elements.
Pablo Picasso continued to develop his own unique style. Patrons were always hungry
for the new and the cutting edge. Art galleries were always looking for innovation. Pablo
Picasso was a Spaniard who moved to Paris and entrenched himself in the avant-garde
scene. Art historians have classified his works according to the dominant color palette at
certain periods in his artistic growth and personal turmoils.
De Stijl
Artists have sought to further abstract forms by using pure colors and shapes. Pieter
Cornelis or Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) is a Dutch painter from The Netherlands who
studied at the Academy of Fine Art in Amsterdam. He encountered the Cubists in an
25
exhibit in Amsterdam In 1911. He then moved to Paris and engaged in experiments with
Cubism as he interacted with artists from the Parisian avant-garde.
Mondrian is associated with a movement known as De Stijl. Mondrian refers to his

personal approach to art as neo-plasticism, or the search for new ways of manipulating
forms and materials. Neoplasticism reduces an artwork to the simplest and most abstract
forms using straight lines and primary colors, often relying on their interrelationships.
His painting called Victory Boogie Woogie (1942-1943) is a later work housed at the
Museum of Modern Art. The work is composed of rectilinear shapes. It is a though squares
of pure vivid colors pop out from the canvas. From afar, they look like brilliant lights on a
busy district.
Influences in Philippine Context
The sculpture of National Artists Napoleon Abueva and Arturo Luz are abstracted,
such that they reveal the search for pure geometric and biomorphic forms. Some of the
Philippine abstract painters include National Artist Hernando Ocampo, known for his
biomorphic forms rendered on painting. Lao Lianben became well-recognized in the late
1980s, producing canvases that seem to allow the viewer to meditate on pure visual
properties such as color and texture.
Biomorphic Having the form of a living organism

Symbolic To stand for something other than the objective reality
Neoplasticism New ways of exploring the medium of painting or sculpture
Iconographic Symbolic representation arrived at by convention
Activity #10
DO THIS!!!!
1. In a short bond paper, choose one of the masterpiece of National Artist Hernando
Ocampo and Draw it.
4. The Dance of Pure Forms

The term Abstract Expressionism had been first used in Germany in 1919 in the
magazine, Der Sturm, regarding German Expressionism. In the United States, the critic and
curator Alfred Barr was the first use this term in 1929 in relation to works by Wassily
Kandinsky. Wassilyevich was born in Moscow Russia.
Kandinsky studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Germany and returned to
Moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of the first World War. He returned to Germany in 1921
and taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture until the Nazis closed the school
in 1933.
26
The Nazi raided the school and confiscated three paintings that Kandinsky labeled as
Compositions. They were exhibited in the Entartete Kunst and Kandinsky was humiliated
along with other modern artists.
Kandinsky was one of the leading proponents of Abstract Expressionism, the first to
innovate in painting using gestural strokes. The links to abstract is owed to the fact that
Kandinsky relied on the interrelationships of pure significant forms. The links to
Expressionism is owed to the fact that Kandinsky considered the spiritual desire for inner
necessity as a central aspect of his art.
Kandinsky’s paintings show the harmony of contrasting hues. One may find the
warmth of yellow or red against the coldness of blue or indigo. Active and passive colors
make the composition dynamic. Kandinsky finds the line and the point as important, often
appraising their subjective effects on the viewer.
Curvilinear lines and fleeting angular lines are seen in his compositions, as though
dancing in the picture plane. Kandinsky’s paintings are sensorial. He considered music as
the ultimate teacher and, thus, Kandinsky embarked on the first seven of his ten
compositions.
In 1936, Jackson Pollock was introduced to the use of liquid paint in the workshop of
David Alfaro Siquieros, a Mexican muralist. In addition, Pollock observed American Indian
sand painting demonstrations in the 1940s. At that time, he was having a dilemma on how
best to make his art unique so that his career in the art market will grow. The American
economy was booming and the surplus income allowed people with buying capacity to
purchase art.
Pollock began experiments with synthetic resin-based paints called alkyd enamels.
Using hardened sticks, brushes, and syringes as paint applicators, he dripped and poured
paint on a canvas laid out flat on the floor. He used the force of his whole body to move
around the canvas on the floor and with his gestures, he would flick, pour, and drip strokes
of viscous paint on the painting surface.
Influence in the Philippine Context

The works of Jose Joya and Fernando Zobel show the stylistic tendencies of Abstract
Expressionism. The pigments in their canvases are applied in gestural strokes. Joya’s
works are often large scale and show the harmony of colors applied in thick impasto
strokes. Fernando Zobel uses a syringe and applies paint on canvas, allowing the
spontaneity of such gesture to determine the outcome of the work.
Gestural Forms arising from human dance-like gestures
Pure form Interaction of the elements of art without any need for
interpretation
Activity #11
DO THIS!!!!
1. In a short bond paper, choose one of the masterpiece of Wassily Kandinsky and Draw it.
27
UNIT 2: Combined Arts in Time, Space, and
Screens
1. Cinema
2. Musical Theater
1. Cinema
The dawn of the 20th century was the birth of cinema. A period characterized by rapid
industrialization and circulation of ideas. The 20th century was also marked by the
brutalities of World War I and II and the post-war anxieties that followed.
Cinema and Modernity

Critics initially had a hard time accepting film as art because photography was
relegated to documentation. They assumed that the basic properties of film were identical
with photography-the capacity to record an actuality or real occurrences in daily living.
Similar to photography, cinema represents the natural world by capturing images through
the cameras lens.
Different from photography, the images are meant to be projected instead of being
printed in a two-dimensional surface. Unlike photography, cinema has the technical
possibility of movement. Unlike video art, cinema tries to propose a world inside the film or
a diegetic world to allow a narrative to unfold. While video art primarily tries to represent
time when it was first introduced, cinema tries to represent a plot or a series of ideas in
sequence and setting.
The philosopher Noell Caroll defines film as follows:
1. Film is a detached display or a series

2. Film belongs to the class of things from which the production of the impression of
movement is technically possible.
3. The screening of films do not make them art by themselves.
4. The platform for screening or the technology-based applications do not make them
art by themselves.
5. Film is a two-dimensional array.
Some of the early films that were called actualities were the short films made by the
Lumiere Brothers on the cinematographe: card players on a leisurely afternoon; a baby
being fed by parents; workers disembarking from a train; a train arriving at the station.
Georges Melies created An Impossible Voyage (1904) to tell a story about experiments
on the first locomotive train that flew across treacherous terrains, fell off a precipice, shot
up to the moon, and fell back on earth. Melies utilized theatrical techniques in stage
design.
From the essay “What is Cinema” by Andre Bazin, appeared in 1950, he proposed
that the director Orson Welles challenged the editing conventions of his time with the depth
shot, so that film is forever distinct from the mere copy of reality. The shot portraying depth
in deep focus photography has effects on the spectators engagement with film as spectacle.
28
Cinema has several elements: narrative, mis-en-scene, cinematography, sound and
editing. These elements have aspects and principles that make cinema as an art from
unique and distinct from either photography or theater.
1. Narrative – Narration can be subjective or objective and restricted or unrestricted

in terms of the flow of information.
2. Mise-en-scene – The setting is indicated by the props, costumes and make-up, and
the design of the set. The set can also be an actual existing location configured for the
setting.
3. Cinematography – Many of the techniques in cinematography are those learned in

photography.
4. Sound – Sound can affect the rhythm. Sound can also shape one’s perception of
fidelities or how close the sound is to actual sound.
Philippine Context
Cinema has always been continental in roots; it has always been international.
Cinema was introduced in the Philippines at a time when entrepreneurs and scientist were
starting to experiment with medium. Cinema is often thought of as the national pastime
due to the scale of distribution and dissemination of content.
Jose Nepomuceno acquired equipment from Edward Meyer, an American who

sympathized with Filipinos. Nepomuceno had a string of productions as he set up Malayan
Movies in 1917. His landmark film, Dalagang Bukid (1919) capitalized on Honorata Dela
Rama’s fame as sa zarzuela star.
This era also marked the rise of the studios such as Sampaguita Pictures established
in 1937 and LVN Pictures in 1938. These studios were run by families who engaged in
friendly competition as rivals. LVN specialized in big-budget productions of epics such as
Ibong Adarna (1955), Lapu-lapu (1959), Badjao (1956), and two Rosa Rosal stares Anak
Dalita (1957) and Biyaya ng Lupa (1959).
The mid-1970s films include social realist films such as Insiang (1976), Maynila sa
Kuko ng Liwanag (1975), Jaguar (1979), Bona (1980), Bayan Ko (1984). Some of the films
made during this time criticized the brutalities of the regime of Ferdinand Marcos, the
dictator who declared Martial Law and caused the deaths and disappearances of many
artists, intellectuals, and laborers.
The 1980s, a time of post-Martial Law, the filmmakers had a greater degree of
freedom and could now freely express their dissenting opinion about society. This did not
obscure the fact that there were still abuses from paramilitary groups who took advantage
of the process of renewal crucial at this time.
In the contemporary period, filmmakers are exploring issues such as identity politics,
environmental deterioration, and the preservation of local traditions.
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Mobile framing Movement of the camera
Crane Camera movement that can simulate horizontal or vertical
flight, crane-like patterns, and other variations; camerais
mounted on a crane.
Tracking or dolly Camera moves along tracks or using a dolly, to keep the
subject in focus
Pan Camera is fixed on its mount but can swivel horizontally;
like person gazing sideways.
Activity #12
Essay:
1. What makes one an indie or mainstream filmmaker? Are these distinctions still relevant
today?
2. Does film have to be socially engaged? Why or Why not?
2. Musical Theater
Musical Theater and Modernity
The print in the unit introduction was created to show the extravagance, leisure
capability, and highly evolved tastes of the tail end of the 19 th century, leading to the new
century.
Musical Theater is a form of theatrical performance. Typically. It integrates songs

and dances, spoken and sung dialogue on top of the components of theater such as
direction, libretto, set design, and acting. Distinct from opera, musical theater at the dawn
of modernity gives importance to all the elements and does not privilege music alone.
Musicals emerged in entertainment venues at a time of intensified wealth creation and the
patronage of the growing middle class.
Many structural elements were established by the works of Gilbert and Sullivan in
Britain and those of Harrigan and Hart in America. Some of the most esteemed musicals
include West Side Story (1957), The Fantasticks (1960), Hair (1967), A Chorus Line (1975),
Les Miserables (1985), The Phantom of the Opera (1986), Rent (1996), The Producers (2001),
Wicked (2003), and Hamilton (2015).
Les Miserables follows the story of ex-convict Jean Valjean whose life changed when a
priest shows him kindness after he steals bread. He pays it forward by showing kindness to
Fantine, a prostitute.
The elements of a musical are the following:

1. Libretto – music and lyrics of sung dialogue including the musical arrangement;
spoken dialogue.
30
2. Performance – gestures, body language, and facial expressions of actors; includes
choreography of dance numbers and stylized movements.
3. Set design – constructed sets, props, and costume and makeup of actors.
4. Lighting design – choosing the appropriate direction, color, and quality of light.
5. Sound design – designing the sound environment of the musical
6. Directing – putting it all together in the scene; blocking human and non-animate
figures in the stage.
Philippine Context
Repertory Philippines often stages musicals from the United States and United
Kingdom. Some of the performances they have staged include West Side Story and The Man
from La Mancha. The musicals of the Repertory Philippines are staged in a proscenium
stage, complete with an orchestra.
PETA or the Philippine Educational Theater Association creates original musicals for
the stage. One of the most memorable performances is not an adaptation of La Mancha.
Instead, the story has been completely transformed and only a few elements of the original
were retained. The costumes are reminiscent of anime avatars and the names of the
characters sound like gaming and chat handles that social media users use to log in.
The musical uses projections of videos in the black box arena theater. Aside from
psychologically realist plays, PETA is also known for musicals that engage with
contemporary issues.
Leisure capability Having disposable income and free time to explore the finer
things in life that have no pragmatic use
Highly evolved tastes Mental faculty that allows humans the ability to judge
works as beautiful or ugly; acquired through education and
constant exposure to the fine arts.
Activity #13
Essay:
1. In what kind of art spaces can musicals be staged?
2. Do musicals have to be socially engaged? Why or Why not?
31
SECOND QUARTER EXAM
Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Test I. Identify the artistic movement and style associated with the following artists:
___________ 1. Claude Monet ___________ 11. Pablo Picasso

___________ 2. Edgar Degas ___________ 12. Piet Mondrian
___________ 3. Edouard Manet ___________ 13. Constantin Brancusi
___________ 4. Paul Signac ___________ 14. Henri Moore
___________ 5. Paul Serusier ___________ 15. Wassily Kandinsky
___________ 6. Paul Gaugin ___________ 16. Jackson Polluck
___________ 7. Camille Pissarro ___________ 17. Georges Seurat
___________ 8. Vincent Van Gogh ___________ 18. Paul Cezanne
___________ 9. Edvard Munch ___________ 19. Henri Matisse
___________ 10. Max Beckmann ___________ 20. David Siqueiros
Test II. If true, indicate T. If false, revise the sentence to make it correct.
______ 1. Cinema was immediately accepted as art.

______ 2. Cinema and photographs are the same.
______ 3. Cinema and video art are the same.
______ 4. Musicals are the same as music television.
______ 5. In musicals, the librettist is the sole artist and source of unity of meaning.
Test III. Enumeration:
1. Three musicals known worldwide and two musicals in the Philippines.

2. Three filmmakers known worldwide and two Filipinos filmmakers.
Test IV. Complete the idea. (5pts. each)
1. Musicals emerged because ____________________________________________________.

2. Cinema emerged because _____________________________________________________.
32
Tel. No. 225-9812

GRADE 10 – MODULE
QUARTER 3 – PHYSICAL EDUCATION
UNIT 1: Lifestyle and Weight Management and

Active Recreation
1. Conditioning for the Outdoors
2. Minimizing your Risks of Sports Injuries
1. Conditioning for the Outdoors

You have learned how movement patterns affect our posture and our strength.
Fundamental movement patterns and balance exercises are essentials for hiking in the
outdoors. These enhance the function of the foot and ankle system and allow you to step in
different directions.
In addition, your body should be trained to reduce the risk of injury occurring in the
outdoors.
1. Core
Core functions is essential for outdoor activities. Enhanced core muscle function
could lead to improved sports performance.
2. Balance
Balance training help improve and reduce the risks for lower extremity injuries, such
as ankle sprains injuries. It helps you adapt to unstable environments, which are crucial
when participating in activities outdoors.
3. Muscular Fitness
Muscular fitness consists of muscular endurance and muscular strength. Muscular
strength enables you to lift heavy loads. Muscular endurance is needed to sustain activities
in the outdoors, especially if movements are repetitive.
33
Sample Flexibility and Strength Exercises for Outdoor Activity Preparation:
1. Light jog 2. High Knees
3. Butt Kicks 4. Lateral shuffle
5. Carioca 6. Single leg deadlift
7. Bird dog 8. Single leg squat
9. Single leg hip lifts 10. Deadlift
34
11. Squats with weight 12. Single leg touchdown
13. Pull-ups 14. Standing shoulder press
15. Shoulder stretch 16. Hamstring stretch
17. Squatting 18. Pulling (upper body)
19. Lunging
20. Bending
35
21. Pushing (upper body) 22. Twisting
23. Single leg movements
Activity #14
PERFORMANCE TASK!!!!
Make a video presentation performing the 23 outdoor exercises kindly refer to

“Sample Flexibility for Outdoor Activity Preparation” in your module. Include the names of
every exercises in the video. Submit it to your PE teacher via FB messenger. Deadline for
this task would be on February 24, 2022.
2. Minimizing your Risks of Sports Injuries
36
The physical demands of being active have positive and negative effects. Positive
effects include physiological adaptations specific to physical demands like lower heart rate,
increased muscle mass or hypertrophy, and improved endurance while negative effects
include bodily responses or conditions such as muscle soreness and injuries.
Preventing Injuries
Injuries can be anything from the occurrence of a new symptom during training or
competition, to decreased athletic performance as a result of reduced functioning of a body
part, to the cessation of participation that necessitates contact with medical personnel.
Injuries can be acquired from any form of physical activity participation whether you are a
beginner or an experienced one.
Injury prevention refers to the prevention or reduction of severity of injuries caused

by physical activity participation. Minimizing risks of getting injured is key to injury
prevention. There are many factors that may put you at risk of getting injured. These may
include the type of physical activities you do, the exercise program you follow, the physical
environment where you do physical activities, the appeal and equipment you use, and
many others.
The What and the How

There are several techniques that you need to observe and apply as you continue
becoming much more active. These techniques are very important because they not only
lessen your risks of getting injured, they also make you better suited for participation in
physical activities.
Warm-up and Cool-down

Performing warm-up and cool-down activities are good for your physical activity
performance.
Warm-up activities gradually prepares your body for a more demanding physical
activity. It reduces the risk of muscle and joint injury. Some examples of warm-up activities
are walking, jogging, and flexibility exercises such as stretching.
Cool-down activities, are performed after a game an exercise, or any physical

activity. It aims to decrease the intensity of the physical activity and return the body to its
resting level. Slow walking and movements done with low intensity and frequency can be
used as cool-down activities.
Stretching
Improves one’s flexibility. It is a kind of exercise where the joints of the body are
worked to improve their ranges of motion. Two of the different types of stretching are the
static and dynamic stretching.
Static stretching aims to improve the maximum range a joint can achieve under
stationary conditions.
Dynamic stretching aims to improve the maximum range but under active
conditions.
Below are some tips to help you in stretching.
37
Dos and Don’ts List for Stretching
Do Don’t
Do warm muscles before you attempt to Don’t stretch to the point of pain.
stretch them.
Do stretch with care if you have Don’t use ballistic stretches if you have
osteoporosis or arthritis osteoporosis or arthritis
Do stretch weak or recently injured Don’t ballistic ally stretch weak or recently
muscles with care injured muscles
Do make certain the body is in good Don’t stretch swollen joints without
alignment when stretching professional supervision
Proper Hydration
Staying well-hydrated before, during, and after any physical activity is important.
Sweating due to physical activity is to be expected especially if the intensity is moderate to
vigorous. Hence, proper hydration helps the body maintain normal body temperature.
Proper hydration should also be done especially when engaging in physical activities
under the heat or in high temperature venues. The fluid replacements helps the body
respond accordingly to the temperature and these replenish thirst felt during physical
activity.
Proper hydration is also important to help address heat-related problems that you
might encounter when exercising.
Wearing Appropriate Sports and Protective Gear

One of the most important preventive measures to avoid injury while participating in
any sports is the use of appropriate sports and protective gear. These are the types of
clothing that should be worn during physical activity participation. Shirts, shorts, pants,
socks, and undergarments especially designed for physical activity should be used.
Comfort is also very important when choosing appropriate clothing. Here are some
tips on selecting appropriate clothing.
Selecting Appropriate Clothing for Activity

General Guidelines Special Considerations
Avoid clothing that is too tight or that Women should wear an exercise bra for
restricts movement support
Material in contact with skin should be Men should consider an athletic supporter
porous for support
Wear layers so that a layer can be removed Wear reflective clothing for night activities
if not needed
Protective equipment such as athletic supporter, shin guards, helmets, knee and
elbow pads, and mouth guards, should be worn when participating in physical activities
that involve physical contact or have increased risk of getting injuries.
38
Protective Sports Skills Properly
Proper body mechanics is important when you participate in physical activities. Body
mechanics or biomechanics is a discipline that applies mechanical laws and principles to
the study of how the body can perform more efficiently and with less energy. Movement
safety, or injury prevention and treatment, should always be highlighted even if you are an
experienced exerciser or athlete.
The positioning and alignment of body parts while moving, the guidelines when
executing different movements, and the recommended alternative or substitute exercise for
harmful or dangerous ones are some of the things you should keep in mind as you
participate in physical activities.
Adhesive Taping
Athletic adhesive tapes are specialized tapes used for supporting bone anatomy and
relieving stress on adjacent or supporting soft tissue, among other purposes. Based on
accurate assessment, adhesive taping helps protect, restrict, or support specific body parts.
When taping, body parts such as the extremities are immobilized and body parts is taped.
Although proper taping does not prevent injuries, it can decrease the severity of injuries.
Rest and Recovery
The training principles of rest and recovery indicates that indicates that adequate
rest is needed to allow the body to adapt to and recover from exercise. You should allow
your body to recuperate or recover from the demands you placed on it. Proper rest is
needed within intense periods of activity, and appropriate rest is needed between training
sessions.
Injury prevention Prevention or reduction of severity of injuries caused by

physical activity participation
Athletic adhesive tapes Specialized tapes used for supporting bony anatomy and
relieving stress on adjacent or supporting soft tissue,
among other purposes.
Activity #15
Essay:
1. What do you think is the most important thing to keep in mind during trainings?
2. What best advice can you give to aspiring athletes about injury prevention and
techniques?
39
UNIT 2: Dances as a Form of Exercise
1. Dancing to Keep Fit
2. The Cheer dance Workout
3. Folk Dance
1. Dancing to Keep Fit

Keeping fit is everyone’s business – even of students like you. One of the many ways
of keeping fit and healthy is through engaging in physical activities.
Many school activities can give you opportunities to dance. Given the time, your age,
physical capabilities, and interest, there would be no better choice of dance than hip-hop
and street dance. Your physical education class and the many school programs can be an
avenue for you and your friends to enjoy and keep fit at the same time.
Assessing One’s Physical Activities, Exercises, and Eating Habits

To manage your body well, you should be able to assess how much exercise you
actually need. Since health, exercise, and what you eat correlate with one another, it is best
to keep all of these in their proper balance.
The food that you eat has a lot to do with your physical well-being. Proper nutrition
contributes to the amount of energy you can burn when doing exercise such as dancing.
For this reason, a balanced diet is of utmost importance. A balanced diet consists of food
that is packed with proper nutrients that fuel the body and keep the organs and tissues
working effectively. Without proper nutrition, your body is more prone to disease, infection,
fatigue, and poor performance.
Possible Benefits of Dancing as An Exercise

1. Developed by the forward thinking pioneers of dance-fitness practitioners and
enthusiasts alike to cater to the young, and the young at heart looking for something new
and exciting way to keep fit, healthy and strong.
2. Dancing as a form of exercise helps you to lose weight.
3. Dancing strengthens the bones.
4. Dancing improves blood circulation and increase stamina.
5. Dancing improves flexibility, balance, and posture.
6. Dancing boosts your brainpower.
7. Dancing is cost-efficient.
8. Dancing grows your social circle.
Basic Hip-Hop and Street Dance Moves

You probably know much about hip-hop and street dancing more than any individual
in your class. Just to recap what you probable already know, New York City was the land of
origin of hip-hop. By mixing and playing together two or more records, DJs produced that
40
special kind of music that usually accompanied the various fast paced dance moves we now
refer to as hip-hop.
The young generation of recent years have develop a special liking which relate to
hip-hop and other forms of fast paced music by popular artists. As pop culture influence
the way the young people think, feel, and do things-with the influence of western thinking
and mass media, coms the re-emergence of being fit, beautiful, and being cool.
They say you move to the groove of music. There are unlimited dance moves that you
can do as you listen to the beats of your favorite artist. Dancing as a professional in
another story however, for the purpose of exercise, rhythm is secondary.
The following are some basic moves in hip-hop or street dancing:

1. Toprock
This generally refers to the combination of foot

movements done while standing. This move develops
one’s coordination, flexibility, rhythm, and style.
2. Downrock
This moves is performed with the hands and feet

grounded to the floor. Movement proficiency and
footwork speed are the main highlights of this move.
3. Freeze
This technique primarily involves the abrupt stoppage or freezing in a
usually distorted position of the dancer.
4. Power Moves
These are a collection of moves highlighting speed, flexibility, and acrobatic
stunts like headstands and head spins to name a few.
Hip-hop and Street dancing styles
1. Popping
Is a da
dance uses a combination of short motions in unique
angles. A good example of this style is the robot dance in
which the dancer if free to improvise his or her moves
depending on what he or she wants to show.
41
2. Locking
Refers to
Jackson, this involves freezing to a stop mid-motion to
seem to lock the joints.
3. Krumping
Shares similar
energetic execution of movements.
The combination of these moves is collectively called

break dancing, breaking, or b-boying. In relation to dancing as a form of exercise, these
movements may be classified as either moderate or vigorous physical activities depending
on the intensity of the performer doing the moves.
Technique plays a key role when dancing. Break dancing, in particular, makes the
person doing the moves prone to some injuries when not done properly. As in other
disciplines, “practices makes perfect” when dancing.
Posture The characteristics way in which someone holds their body

when standing or sitting
Risk factor Refers to a variable associated with an increased potential
for disease or injury
Balance diet Consists of food and its nutrients that fuel the body and
keep the organs and tissues working effectively
Activity #16
Essay:
1. Do you think you are physically fit? Why do you say so?
2. What do you think is the role of exercise and eating habits in maintaining a healthy
body?
2. The Cheer dance Workout

42
Origin of Cheer dancing
Cheer dancing is the current evolution of cheerleading, a physical activity for sports
team motivation, audience entertainment, and competition based on organized routines.
Organized routines refer to a combination of sequentially organized dancing, yelling,
cheering, jumping, tumbling, and stunting.
The first organized cheerleading began as an activity carried out by men from
Princeton University during their baseball and football games in 1877. Their cheer was
yelled from the stands as they watch their team play.
Women’s participation in cheerleading only bloomed in the 1940s after World War 2
broke, for most collegiate men were drafted to serve as soldiers.
Basic Cheer dancing Moves and Stunts
1. Dancing – to move rhythmically to music, typically following a set sequence of steps.

2. Yelling – a loud, sharp way of shouting a chant.
3. Cheering – shout for joy or to encourage the crowd.
4. Jumping – push oneself off a surface and into the air by using the muscles in one’s legs
and feet.
5. Tumbling – perform acrobatic feats, typically handsprings and somersaults in the air.
6. Stunting – an action displaying spectacular and daring skills
a. Arabesque – one leg is down straight and the other leg is behind you almost at a
ninety degree angle to your back.
b. Basket toss – a stunt to toss the flyer into the air.
c. Cradle catch – an end movement where a base catches a flyer after tossing them in
the air. The base holds the flyer under their thighs and around their back.
d. Deadman – a flyer falls backwards or forwards out of a stunt. Three or four people
catch the flyer and could possibly push the flyer back up to the bases hands.
Basic Composition of a Cheering Squad
a. Flyer
The flyer is the person who is usually lifted into the air when performing a
stunt. They are almost always the smallest, lightest, and most flexible or athletic.
b. Bases and spotters

Bases and spotters are the persons who lift the flyer into the air and catch
their fall during a stunt.
Basic Stunts of Cheer dancing
a. Prep
At least two bases hold a flyer up in the air.
b. Cupie or Awesome
A flyer is help up in the air by two bases each using a single hand.
c. Split lift
The flyer is lifted by at least two bases in a split position.
d. Shoulder Stand
43
A flyer stands atop of a base’s shoulders.
e. Scorpion
The flyer stands on one leg while extending the other leg up to the back of the
head to resemble a scorpion.
f. Heel Stretch
The flyer stands on one leg then holds her other foot to the side of her head.
Participating in Physical Activity-related Programs
There is no such thing as a cheer dancer who singlehandedly performs to a crowd.

Cheer dancing is a team endeavor. It is all about several individuals working together as a
single unit aiming to achieve a common goal. Like any team-played sport, every member of
the cheer dance squad has a specific role to play.
Participating in a Cheer dance is not just all about achieving goals individually, it is
not just about perspiring and exercising for health and fitness. Knowing and experiencing
the meaning of teamwork and the sense of fulfillment that goes with is also a co-equal
strength of cheer dancing.
Strenuous activity Requiring or using great effort

Aerobic physical activity An activity designed to improve the efficiency of the body’s
cardiovascular system.
Activity #17
Essay:
1. What do you think can cheer dancing do for you?

2. What preparations do you think you need to do before you start to practice cheer
dancing?
3. Folk Dance
Folk Dance
When tribal societies in Europe gave way to more structured societies, the old dance
forms gradually developed into what are now called folk or peasant dances. For a long time
these retained much of their original significance and therefore could have received the
modern classification of “ethnic.” The Maypole dance, still sometimes performed in
England, is a descendant of older tree-worshipping dances, the ribbons that the dancers
hold as they dance around the pole symbolizing the tree’s branches.
Although different areas and countries have different styles of dance, most of them
share common formations and styles of movement. The earliest and simplest formation, the
closed circle, is found in all folk dances and derives from the ritual of circling around an
object of worship.
44
The dancers grasp one another by the hands, wrists, shoulders, elbows, or waists
and face the centre of the circle. In more complex forms, dancers move into and out of the
circle to perform individual movements or to join into couples, or, as the dancers circle,
they may weave around one another.
Many folk dances today are performed in sets, groups of about eight dancers who
may perform in all of the above formations but within a restricted space. In other dances,
individuals may leave the group and dance on their own. Folk dance steps are usually quite
simple variations on walking, hopping, skipping, and turning. (See above Folk dance.)
Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines

1. The Itik-Itik
The best descriptio
walks, as well as the way it splashes water on its
back to attract a mate. According to popular
tradition, the dance was created by a lady named
Kanang who choreographed the steps while
dancing at a baptismal party. The other guests
copied her movements, and everyone liked the
dance so much that it has been passed along ever since.
2. The Tinikling
The Tinikling
dance's movements imitate the movement of the
tikling bird as it walks around through tall
grass and between tree branches. People
perform the dance using bamboo poles. The
dance is composed of three basic steps which
include singles, doubles and hops.
3. The Sayaw sa Bangko
The Sayaw sa Bangko is performed
on top of a narrow bench. Dancers need
good balance as they go through a series
of movements that include some
impressive acrobatics. This dance traces
its roots back to the areas of Pangapisan,
Lingayen and Pangasinan.
4. The Binasuan
The Binasuan is an entertaining dance
that is usually performed at festive social
occasions like weddings and birthdays.
Dancers carefully balance three half-filled
glasses of rice wine on their heads and
hands as they gracefully spin and roll on the
ground. The dance originated in Bayambang
in the Pangasinan province, and though it's
usually performed alone, it can also become a competition between several dancers.
5. The Pandanggo sa Ilaw
45
The Pandanggo sa Ilaw is similar to a
Spanish Fandango, but the Pandanggo is
performed while balancing three oil lamps -
one on the head, and one in each hand. It's
a lively dance that originated on Lubang
Island. The music is in 3/4 time and is
usually accompanied by castanets.
6. The Pandanggo Oasiwas

The Pandanggo Oasiwas is similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw, and is typically
performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are
placed in cloths or nets and swung around as the dancers circle and sway.
7. The Maglalatik
The Maglalatik is a mock war dance
that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a
highly-prized food. The dance is broken into
four parts: two devoted to the battle and two
devoted to reconciling. The men of the dance
wear coconut shells as part of their
costumes, and they slap them in rhythm
with the music.
8. The Kuratsa
The Kuratsa is described as a dance of
courtship and is often performed at weddings
and other social occasions. The dance has
three parts. The couple first performs a
waltz. In the second part, the music sets a
faster pace as the man pursues the woman
around the dance floor in a chase.
Activity #18
PERFORMANCE TASK!!!
Make a video presentation performing the desired folk dance with a maximum of
2mins. Performers must wear costumes, background must be clean and presentable and
submit it to your MAPEH teacher via FB messenger. Deadline for this task would be on
February 24, 2022.
46
THIRD QUARTER EXAM
Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Test I. True or False
_____ 1. Dancing is not a form of exercise but rather a form of recreation only.
_____ 2. Dancing is a form of moderate physical activity.
_____ 3. Applying correct dancing techniques increases the potential for injuries.
_____ 4. There are no known risk factors related to lifestyle diseases.
_____ 5. Obesity is a condition referring to extreme thinning of the body.
_____ 6. Hip-hop originated in the Bronx.
_____ 7. Dancing can only be done in the late afternoons and mid-mornings.
_____ 8. Dancing is an expensive things to do for it requires a lot of equipment.
_____ 9. Eating habits haven nothing to do with physical health.
_____ 10. Playing computer games is a strenuous activity.
Test II. Matching type: Match column A with the corresponding item in column B.
Write the letter of the correct answer.
Column A Column B
____ 1. It looks similar to playing jump rope a. La Jota Moncadena
____ 2. Steps mimic the way a duck walks b. Maglalatik
____ 3. This dance traces its roots back to the c. Kuratsa
areas of Pangapisan
____ 4. Dancers carefully balance three half-filled d. Kappa Malong-Malong
glasses of rice wine
____ 5. The music is in 3/4 time e. Pandanggo Oasiwas
____ 6. Performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch f. Pandanggo sa Ilaw
____ 7. The dance is broken into four parts g. Binasuan
____ 8. The couple first performs a waltz h. Sayaw sa Bangko
____ 9. It's a combination of Spanish and Ilocano dance i. Tinikling
____ 10. Muslim-influenced dance j. Itik-itik
Test III. Enumeration:
1. Five things one can do to keep fit. (5)

2. Three lifestyle diseases. (3)
3. Possible benefits can one get from dancing. (7)
47
Tel. No. 225-9812

GRADE 10 – MODULE
QUARTER 4 – HEALTH
UNIT 1: Health: A National and Global Concern

1. Healthier Everywhere
2. Working Towards Global Health
1. Healthier Everywhere
This lesson will discuss more about international initiatives intended to bring forth a
better, healthier, and safer environment for everyone.
The UNMDG is a 15-year development plan established in the year 2000, to be
promoted across the globe. All UN members and world renowned experts came together to
set these goals and see them through.
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Goal 4: Reduce Child Morality
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Points for Improvement

An encompassing observation on the results of the UNMDG are that there are
discrepancies in the level of success across countries. The more modern and developed
countries have a more successful outcome than those of developing countries.
48
The Demand Reduction Provisions provide measures to discourage people to fall
into excessive consumption of tobacco products.
The Supply Reduction Provisions call for the reduction of tobacco use and
propagation by reducing the availability of such products in the market.
Marginalized A person or group who is in a position of title or no

importance or significance; powerless; with little or no
influence
Sustainable Able to used without being completely used up or
destroyed.
2. Working Towards Global Health

There are a lot of experiences that could bring about joy, pleasure, and satisfaction.
As teens, you might be in constant search of new experiences or thrills in life. There is
nothing wrong with living life to the fullest. Although, there has to be a hard limit to
everything.
Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol

During your health classes in the lower grades, you learned about gateway drugs like
nicotine, alcohol, and caffeine. At the beginning of this unit, the World Health Organization
has focused on nicotine or tobacco.
Based on research conducted on the prevalence and effects of alcohol and alcoholism, some
of their findings as follows.
a. The abuse of alcohol has adverse effects on the individual and on society.
b. Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the
world.
c. Alcoholism is a risk factor towards mental disorders.
The global strategy has five main objectives.

1. Promote awareness on the harmful effects of alcoholic substances on the
individual and society.
2. Further increase the level of awareness to promote national programs to reduce
these harmful effects.
3. Enhance government support and empower members of society to find viable ways
to avoid alcoholism.
The strategy includes plans of actions to be implemented on a national level. The WHO
website lists them as follows.
1. Leadership, awareness, and commitment
49
2. Health services’ response
3. Community action
The strategy also includes four priority areas for global action. These are: public
health advocacy, and partnership; technical support and capacity building; production and
discrimination of knowledge; and resources mobilization.
Alcoholism in the Philippines

Alcoholism is a widely acknowledge problem in the Philippines. In the more crowded
areas and even in informal settlement areas, you see drinking sessions taking place in
public view of children. Alcohol drinking has been a form of social interaction in Filipino
culture.
There have been studies that almost half of the Philippine population consume
alcohol. Furthermore, more than half of Filipino youth, ages 13-17, have tried alcoholic
beverages at least once. This is an alarming statistic considering that 18 is the legal
drinking age in the Philippines.
Immunization To give a vaccine to prevent infection by a disease

Vaccine A substance that is usually injected into a person or
animal to protect against a particular disease
Alcoholism A medical condition in which someone frequently drinks
too much alcohol and becomes unable to live and function
normally without it.
50
FOURTH QUARTER EXAM
Name: _____________________________________________________ Score: _____________
Test I: Write the complete name of the organization or campaign. Then, write a
sentence to each one.
1. WHO - __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. GAVI - __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. UNICEF - ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. RED - ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. GSRHUA - ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Test II. Essay:
1. How can global initiatives address serious health issues and concerns plaguing countries
around the world?
2. How can countries around the world work together to bring about solutions to global
health concerns?
51

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St.

Living With Music, Art,

UNIT 1: Music Styles of the 20th Century

Impressionism-it all started in

In music, advancement in technology during the 20 th century brought dramatic

IMPRESSIONISM is a French movement developed in the late 19 th and early 20th

Achille-Claude Debussy is one of the most highly

Debussy was born from a poor family in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France on

Joseph-Maurice Ravel was born in Ciboure, France

Ravel composed some of his known works during

Impressionism A style of musical composition designed to create subtle

Basque A member of a people inhabiting the western Pyreness on

Expressionism is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20 th century.

Arnold Schoenberg was

Schoenberg developed a more systematic method of organizing atonal music or the

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky is a Russian

Expressionism A theory or practice in art of seeking to depict the subjective

Inversion Changing or reversing the relative positions of the notes of a

1. _________ is an art movement that began in Germany during the 20 th century.

George Gershwin was

In 1937, he experienced severe headaches, dizziness, and blackouts and was

Philip Glass was an avant-garde composer and

He was born in Baltimore on January 31, 1937

Chance Music or Aleatory

John Milton Cage

Edgard Varese was a French-born

He founded the International Composers’

Avant-garde An intelligentsia that develops new or experimental

Minimalistic One who favors restricting the functions and powers of a

______ 1. It is a French word for “advance guard” or vanguard.

Traditional Music of Africa

African Styles of Music

Caribbean The Eastern and Southern West Indies, or the Carribbean

2. Latin American Music

Musical Instruments of Latin America

Latin American Music Influenced by African Music

Vocal and Dance Music in Latin America

4. Cha Cha Cha

Bossa Literally means “new trend”

Different Styles of Jazz Music

Instruments Used in Jazz Music

Polyrhythm The simultaneous combination of contrasting rhythms in

1. Ragtime music 2. Bigband 3. Bebop 4. Jazz Rock

This genre was

Types of Popular Music

3. Rock and Roll

Contemporary Marked by characteristics of the present period.

Title of the Song Artist Genre

FIRST QUARTER EXAM

________ 1. Axe _________ 11. Shekere

St. Catherine Academy

UNIT 1: Modernity in Art

1. Rendering the Natural World in New Ways

Expressionism and New Objectivism

Influences in the Philippine Context

Empirical truth Exact conformity as learned by observation or experiment;

3. Searching for Pure Forms

Georges Braque experimented with geometrical shapes and simultaneous perspective

1. Axe _ 11. Shekere

_ 1. Claude Monet _ 11. Pablo Picasso