Ratio and Proportion

Important Points/Facts
Ratio—The ratio of two quan-
If 7 litres of water is added to the
mixture, the ratio of alcohol and 1st part = Rs. (420 ×105 )
water becomes 3 : 4. Find the
tities in the same units is a fraction = Rs. 210
quantity of alcohol in the mixture.
that one quantity is of the other.

Thus, a to b is a ratio b , ()a Solution : Let the quantity of

alcohol and water be 4x and 3x litres
2nd part = Rs. (420 × 103 )
respectively. Then, = Rs. 126
written as a : b.
The first term of a ratio is called
antecedent, while the second term is
4x
3x + 7
=
3
4
3rd part = Rs. (420 ×102 )
known as consequent. ⇒ x = 3 = Rs. 84
4 ∴ Quantity of alcohol in the ∴ Number of one-rupee coins
Thus, the ratio 4 : 7 represents mixture = 12 litres. = 210
7
with antecedent 4 and consequent 7. Q. 3. In a mixture of 35 litres Number of 50 paise coins
Rule—The multiplication or di- the ratio of milk and water is 4 : 1 = (126 × 2) = 252.
vision of each term of a ratio by a now, 7 litres of water is added to
Number of 25 paise coins
same non-zero number does not affect the mixture. Find the ratio of milk
the ratio. and water in the new mixture. = (84 × 4) = 336
Thus, 3 : 5 is the same as 6 : 10 Solution : Milk in 35 litres of Q. 6. Divide Rs. 455 in the
ratio 4 : 3.
or 9 : 15 or 12 : 20 etc.
Proportion : The equality of
(
mix. = 35 × )4
5
= 28 litres.
Solution : Sum of the terms of
two ratios is called proportion. Water in this mix. = (35 – 28) the ratio = (4 + 3) = 7
Thus, 2 : 3 = 8 : 12 is written as
2 : 3 : : 8 : 12 and we say that 2, 3, 8
= 7 litres
New mixture contains milk = 28
∴ First part = Rs. 455 ×( 4
7 )
and 12 are in proportion. litres = Rs. 260
In a proportion, the first and
fourth terms are known as extremes,
Water in new mixture = (7 + 7)
litres = 14 litres. (
Second part = Rs. 455 ×
3
7 )
while second and third terms are ∴ Ratio of milk and water in = Rs. 195
known as means. new mix. = 28 : 14 = 2 : 1.
In a proportion, we always have Q. 7. If a : b = 2 : 3 and b : c =
Q. 4. Find three numbers in 5 : 7, find a : c and a : b : c.
Product of means = Product of the ratio 2 : 3 : 5 the sum of whose
Extremes. squares is 608. a 2
Solution : b =
Solution : Let the numbers be 3
Examples 2x, 3x and 5x. b 5
and
Q. 1. Three utensils contain Then, 4x2 + 9x2 + 25x2 = 608 c = 7
equal mixtures of milk and water
in the ratio 6 : 1 : 5 : 2 and 3 : 1
respectively. If all the solutions are
⇒ 38x2 = 608
608
∴
a
( )
c = b ×c
a b

⇒ x2 = = 16
= ( × )=
mixed together, find the ratio of 38 2 5 10
milk and water in the final mixture. ∴ x = 4 3 7 21
Solution : So, the numbers are 8, 12 and Hence a : c = 10 : 21
In final mixture we have quantity 20.
Now L.C.M. of 3 and 5 is 15
of milk = ( 6 5 3
+ +
7 7 4 ) =
65
28
Q. 5. A bag contains rupee, 50
paise and 25 paise coins in the ratio ∴ a : b = 2 : 3 = 10 : 15
5 : 6 : 8. If the total amount is and b : c = 5 : 7 = 15 : 21
quantity of Rs. 420. Find the number of coins
Hence a : b : c = 10 : 15 : 21.
water = ( 1 2 1
+ +
7 7 4 ) =
19
28
of each type.
Solution : Ratio of Q. 8. A stick 1·4 m long caste a
shadow 1·3 m long at the same time
65 19 6 8
∴ Milk : Water = : values = 5 : : when a pole casts a shadow 5·2 m
28 28 2 4 long. Find the length of the pole.
= 65 : 19 = 5:3:2 Solution : Clearly more is the
Q. 2. A mixture contains Divide Rs. 420 in the ratio length of shadow, more is the length
alcohol and water in the ratio 4 : 3. 5:3:2 of the object.
 Let the length of the pole be x 07. A right cylinder and a right cir- 15. If a carton containing a dozen
metres cular cone have the same radius mirrors is dropped, which of the
Then 1·3 : 5·2 : : 1·4 : x and the same volume. The ratio following cannot be the ratio of
of the height of the cylinder to broken mirrors to unbroken
∴ 1·3 × x = 5·2 × 1·4 that of the cone is— mirrors ?
5·2 × 1·4 (A) 3 : 5 (B) 2 : 5 (A) 2 : 1 (B) 3 : 1
or x = = 5·6
1·3 (C) 3 : 1 (D) 1 : 3 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 7 : 5
Hence the length of the pole is 08. A circle and a square have same 16. Two whole numbers whose sum
5·6 m. area. Therefore, the ratio of the is 64, cannot be in the ratio—
side of the square and the radius
Exercise of the circle is—
(A) 5 : 3 (B) 7 : 1
(C) 3 : 4 (D) 9 : 7
1. The ratio of money with Ram
and Gopal is 7 : 17 and that with (A) √
⎯π:1 (B) 1 : √
⎯π 17. The weight of a 13 m long iron
Gopal and Krishan is 7 : 17. If (C) 1 : π (D π : 1 rod is 23·4 kg. The weight of
Ram has Rs. 490, Krishan has— 09. In a class, the number of boys is 6 m long of such rod will be—
(A) Rs. 2890 (B) Rs. 2330 more than the number of girls by (A) 7·2 kg (B) 12·4 kg
(C) Rs. 1190 (D) Rs. 2680 12% of the total strength. The (C) 10·8 kg (D) 18 kg
ratio of boys to girls is—
02. Rs. 5625 is divided among A, B 18. The mean proportional between
(A) 11 : 14 (B) 14 : 11 0·32 and 0·02 is—
1
and C so that A may receive as (C) 25 : 28 (D) 28 : 25
2 (A) 0·34 (B) 0·3
much as B and C together 10. A, B and C can do a work in 20, (C) 0·16 (D) 0·08
1 25 and 30 days respectively.
receive and B receives of what 19. The third proportional to 0·8 and
4 They undertook to finish the 0·2 is—
A and C together receive. The work together for Rs. 2220, then
share of A is more than that of B the share of A exceeds that of B (A) 0·4 (B) 0·8
by— by— (C) 0·05 (D) 0·032
(A) Rs. 750 (B) Rs. 775 (A) Rs. 120 (B) Rs. 180 20. The fourth proportional to 0·2,
(C) Rs. 1500 (D) Rs. 1600 (C) Rs. 300 (D) Rs. 600 0·12 and 0·3 is—
11. Three friends divide Rs. 624 (A) 0·13 (B) 0·15
03. A certain amount was divided
1 (C) 0·18 (D) 0·8
between Kavita and Reena in the among themselves in the ratio :
ratio 4 : 3. If Reena’s share was 2 21. What number should be subtrac-
Rs. 2400. The amount is— 1 1 ted from each of the numbers 54,
: . The share of the third friend
3 4 71, 75 and 99 so that the remain-
(A) Rs. 5600
is— ders may be proportional ?
(B) Rs. 3200 (A) Rs. 288 (B) Rs. 192 (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) Rs. 9600 (C) Rs. 148 (D) Rs. 144 (C) 3 (D) 6
(D) None of these 12. The monthly salary of A, B, C is 22. What number should be added to
04. The prices of a scooter and a tele- in the proportion of 2 : 3 : 5. If each one of 6, 14, 18 and 38 to
vision set are in the ratio 3 : 2. If C’s monthly salary is Rs. 1200 make them equally proportio-
a scooter costs Rs. 6000 more more than that of A, then B’s nate ?
than the television set the price annual salary is—
of the television set is— (A) Rs. 14400 (A) 1 (B) 2
(A) Rs. 6000 (B) Rs. 24000 (C) 3 (D) 4
(B) Rs. 10000 (C) Rs. 1200 23. A fraction bears the same ratio to
(D) Rs. 2000 1 3 5
(C) Rs. 12000 as does to . The fraction
13. A bag contains 25 paise, 10 paise 27 7 9
(D) Rs. 18000
and 5 paise coins in the ratio 1 : is—
05. If 8 : x = x : 18, then x is equal 2 : 3. If their total value is Rs. 7 1
to— 30, the number of 5 paise coins (A) (B)
45 35
(A) 144 (B) 72 is—
45 5
(A) 50 (B) 100 (C) (D)
(C) 26 (D) 12 7 21
(C) 150 (D) 200
06. The surface areas of two spheres 14. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 24. What must be added to each term
are in the ratio 1 : 4. The ratio of and their sum is 420. The greater of the ratio 7 : 13 so that the ratio
their volumes is— of the two numbers is— becomes 2 : 3 ?
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 4 (A) 175 (B) 200 (A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 1 : 8 (D) 1 : 6 (C) 240 (D) 315 (C) 3 (D) 5
25. In a ratio which is equal to 5 : 8. 1 1 44. The ratio of father’s age to son’s
35. If A = B and B = C, then A :
If the antecedent is 40 then con- 3 2 age is 4 : 1. The product of their
sequent is— B : C is— ages is 196. The ratio of their
(A) 25 (A) 1 : 3 : 6 (B) 2 : 3 : 6 ages after 5 years will be—
(B) 64 (C) 3 : 2 : 6 (D) 3 : 1 : 2 (A) 3 : 1 (B) 10 : 3
(C) 48 36. If A : B = 5 : 7 and B : C (C) 11 : 4 (D) 14 : 5
(D) None of these = 6 : 11, then A : B : C is— 45. The ratio between the ages of
26. Out of the ratio 7 : 15, 15 : 23, (A) 55 : 77 : 66 Kamla and Savitri is 6 : 5 and
17 : 25 and 21 : 29 the smallest (B) 30 : 42 : 77 the sum of their ages is 44 years.
one is— (C) 35 : 49 : 42 The ratio of their ages after 8
(A) 17 : 25 (B) 7 : 15 years will be—
(D) None of these
(C) 15 : 23 (D) 21 : 29 (A) 5 : 6 (B) 7 : 8
37. If A : B = 7 : 9 and B : C = 3 : 5
1 1 1 1 (C) 8 : 7 (D) 14 : 13
then. A : B : C is—
27. If : x = x : , then the value
5 1·25 (A) 7 : 9 : 5 46. A father’s age was 5 times his
of x is— (B) 21 : 35 : 45 son’s age 5 years ago and will be
(A) 1·25 (B) 1·5 3 times son’s age after 2 years
(C) 7 : 9 : 15
(C) 2·5 (D) 2·25 the ratio of their present ages
(D) 7 : 3 : 15 is—
28. If one-third of A, one-fourth of 38. 0·6 of a number equals 0·09 of (A) 5 : 2 (B) 5 : 3
B and one-fifth of C are equal, another number. The ratio of the
then A : B : C is— (C) 10 : 3 (D) 11 : 5
numbers is—
(A) 3 : 4 : 5 (B) 4 : 3 : 5 (A) 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 15 47. The average age of 3 girls is 20
1 1 1 (C) 20 : 3 (D) 3 : 20 years and their ages are in the
(C) 5 : 4 : 3 (D) : : proportion 3 : 5 : 7. The age of
3 4 5
39. If 10% of x is the same as 20% youngest girl is—
29. The ratio which ( 1
3
of Rs. 9·30) of y then x : y is equal to—
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1
(A) 4 years
bears to (0·6 of Rs. 1·55) is— (B) 6 years 8 months
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 10 : 3 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 10 : 1 (C) 8 years 3 months
(C) 3 : 10 (D) 3 : 1 40. If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 4 : 5, (D) 12 years
then C : A is equal to—
30. Two numbers are in the ratio 48. A man has some hens and cows.
(A) 15 : 8 (B) 12 : 10
3 : 5. If each number is increased If the number of heads be 48 and
(C) 8 : 5 (D) 8 : 15
by 10, the ratio becomes 5 : 7. number of feet equal 140 the
The numbers are— 41. One year ago the ratio between number of hens will be—
(A) 3, 5 (B) 7, 9 Laxman’s and Gopal’s salary
(A) 22 (B) 23
was 3 : 4. The ratio of their
(C) 13, 22 (D) 15, 25 individual salaries between last (C) 24 (D) 26
31. If x : y = 2 : 3 and 2 : x = 1 : 2, year’s and this year’s salaries are 49. 6 men, 8 women, 6 children
then the value of y is— 4 : 5 and 2 : 3 respectively. At complete a job for a sum of
present the total of their salary is Rs. 950. If their individual wages
(A) 4 (B) 6 Rs. 4,160. The salary of Laxman are in ratio 4 : 3 : 2, the total
1 3 now is—
(C) (D) money earned by the children
3 2 (A) Rs. 1040 (B) Rs. 1600 is—
32. If 2A = 3B and 4B = 5C, then (C) Rs. 2560 (D) Rs. 3120 (A) Rs. 190 (B) Rs. 195
A : C is— 42. The ratio between Sumit’s and (C) Rs. 215 (D) Rs. 230
(A) 3 : 4 (B) 8 : 15 Prakash’s age at present is 2 : 3.
Sumit is 6 years younger than 50. The ratio between two numbers
(C) 15 : 8 (D) 4 : 3 is 3 : 4 and their L.C.M. is 180.
Prakash. The ratio of Sumit’s
33. If 2A = 3B = 4C, then A : B : C age to Prakash’s age after 6 The first number is—
is— years will be— (A) 15 (B) 20
(A) 2 : 3 : 4 (B) 4 : 3 : 2 (A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 45 (D) 60
(C) 3 : 4 (D) 3 : 8
(C) 6 : 4 : 3 (D) 3 : 4 : 6 51. In a mixture of 60 litres. The
43. The ages of Vivek and Sumit are
34. If A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 4 : 5 and ratio of milk and water is 2 : 1.
in the ratio 2 : 3. After 12 years,
C : D = 6 : 7, then A : D is equal What amount of water must be
their ages will be in the ratio
to— added to make the ratio 1 : 2 ?
11 : 15. The age of Sumit is—
(A) 2 : 7 (B) 7 : 8 (A) 32 years (B) 42 years (A) 42 litres (B) 56 litres
(C) 16 : 35 (D) 4 : 13 (C) 48 years (D) 56 years (C) 60 litres (D) 77 litres
52. A sum of Rs. 1300 is divided
between A, B and C and D such
that
A’s Share B’s Share
= total marks in Maths, English
B’s Share C’s Share
C’s Share 2
= =
D’s Share 3
Then A’s share is—
(A) Rs. 140 (B) Rs. 160
(C) Rs. 240 (D) Rs. 320
53. Two equal glasses are respecti-
1 1
vely and full of milk. They
3 4
are then filled up with water and
the contents mixed in a tumbler.
The ratio of milk and water in
the tumbler is—
(A) 7 : 5 (B) 7 : 17
(C) 3 : 7 (D) 11 : 23
54. The ratio of milk and water in 85
kg of adulterated milk is 27 : 7.
The amount of water which must
be added to make the ratio 3 : 1
is—
(A) 5 kg (B) 6·5 kg
(C) 7·25 kg (D) 8 kg
55. A mixture contains milk and
water in the ratio 5 : 1. On
adding 5 litres of water the ratio
of milk and water becomes 5 : 2.
The quantity of milk in the
mixture is—
(A) 16 litres
(B) 25 litres
(C) 32·5 litres
(D) 22·75 litres
56. The proportion of Zinc and
Copper in a brass piece is 13 : 7.
How much zinc will be there in
100 kg of such a piece ?
(A) 20 kg (B) 35 kg
(C) 55 kg (D) 65 kg
57. A’s money is to B’s money as
4 : 5 and B’s money is to C’s
money as 2 : 3. If A has Rs. 800,
C has—
(A) Rs. 1000 (B) Rs. 1200
(C) Rs. 1500 (D) Rs. 2000
58. 15 litres of a mixture contains
20% alcohol and the rest water.
If 3 litres of water be mixed in it.
The percentage of alcohol in the
new mixture will be—
2 17
(A) 17 (B) 16
3 71. Rs. 680 has been divided among
1 (A) Rs. 280 (B) Rs. 150
(C) 18 (D) 15
2 (C) Rs. 170 (D) Rs. 200
59. Vinay got thrice as many marks
in Maths as in English. The
proportion of this marks in
Maths and History is 4 : 3. If his
and History are 250. What are
his marks in English ?
(A) 120 (B) 90
(C) 40 (D) 80
60. One-fourth of the boys and
three-eight of the girls in a
school participated in the annual
sports. What proportional part of
the total student population of
the school participated in the
annual sports ?
4
(A)
12
5 67. Rs. 1870 has been divided into
(B)
8
8
(C)
12
(D) Data inadequate
61. Gold is 19 times as heavy as
water and copper 9 times as
heavy as water. The ratio in
which these two metals be mixed
so that the mixture is 15 times as
heavy as water is—
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 3
(C) 3 : 2 (D) 19 : 135
ma + nc
62. If a : b = c : d, then is
mb + nd
equal to—
(A) m : n (B) na : mb
(C) a : b (D) md : nc
63. Rs. 1050 is divided among P, Q
2 share and 2 times C’s share are
and R. The share of P is of the
5
combined share of Q and R.
Thus P gets—
(A) Rs. 200 (B) Rs. 300
(C) Rs. 320 (D) Rs. 420
64. Divide Rs. 600 among A, B and
2 70. 94 is divided into two parts in
C so that Rs. 40 more than th of
5 such a way that fifth part of the
2 first and eighth part of the second
A’s share, Rs. 20 more than th
7 are in the ratio 3 : 4. The first
of B’s share and Rs. 10 more
9 (A) 27
than th of C’s share may all be
equal. What is A’s share ?
65. 729 ml of a mixture contains
milk and water in the ratio 7 : 2.
How much more water is to be
added to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the
ratio of 7 : 3 ?
(A) 60 ml (B) 70 ml
(C) 81 ml (D) 90 ml
66. A and B are two alloys of gold
and copper prepared by mixing
metals in proportions 7 : 2 and
7 : 11 respectively. If equal
quantities of the alloys are
melted to form a third alloy C,
the proportion of gold and cop-
per in C will be—
(A) 5 : 9 (B) 5 : 7
(C) 7 : 5 (D) 9 : 5
three parts in such away that half
of the first part, one-third of the
second part and one-sixth of the
third part are equal. The third
part is—
(A) Rs. 510 (B) Rs. 680
(C) Rs. 850 (D) Rs. 1020
68. Rs. 385 has been divided among
A, B, C in such a way that A
2
receives th of what B and C
9
together receive. Then A’s share
is—
(A) Rs. 70
(B) Rs. 77
(C) Rs. 82·50
(D) Rs. 85
69. Some money is divided among
A, B and C in such a way that 5
times A’s share 3 times, B’s
all equal. The ratio between the
shares of A, B, C is—
(A) 5 : 3 : 2
(B) 2 : 2 : 5
(C) 15 : 10 : 6
(D) 6 : 10 : 15
part is—
(B) 30
(C) 36 (D) 48
2
A, B, C such that A gets of
3
 1 75. Rs. 53 is divided among A, B
what B gets and B gets of what
4 and C in such a way that B gets
C gets. Then B’s share is—
(A) Rs. 60 (B) Rs. 80
(C) Rs. 120 (D) Rs. 160
72. Rs. 2430 has been divided
among A, B, C in such a way
that if their shares be diminished
by Rs. 5, Rs. 10 and Rs. 15 res-
pectively. The remainders are in
the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. Then A’s share
is—
(A) Rs. 800 (B) Rs. 600
(C) Rs. 595 (D) Rs. 605
73. The sides of triangle are in the
1 1 1
ratio : : and its perimeter is
3 4 5
94 cm. the length of smallest
side is—
(A) 18·8 cm. (B) 23·5 cm.
(C) 24 cm. (D) 31·3 cm.
74. The speeds of three cars are in
the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. The ratio bet-
ween times taken by them to
travel the same distance is—
(A) 3 : 4 : 5
(B) 5 : 4 : 3
(C) 12 : 15 : 20
(D) 20 : 15 : 12
Rs. 1100 is collected as fare, the
amount collected from first class
Rs. 7 more than what B gets and passengers is—
B gets Rs. 8 more than what C (A) Rs. 275
gets. The ratio of their shares
(B) Rs. 315
is—
(C) Rs. 137.50
(A) 16 : 9 : 18
(D) Rs. 100
(B) 25 : 18 : 10
(C) 18 : 25 : 10 79. The students in three classes are
in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5 if 20 students
(D) 15 : 8 : 30 are increased in each class. The
76. A sum of money is divided ratio changes to 4 : 5 : 7. The
among A, B, C so that to each total number of students before
rupee A gets, B gets 65 paise and the increase were—
C gets 35 paise. If C’s share is (A) 10
Rs. 28, the sum is—
(B) 90
(A) Rs. 120 (B) Rs. 140
(C) Rs. 160 (D) Rs. 180 (C) 100
77. The incomes of A and B are in (D) None of these
the ratio 3 : 2 and their expendi-
80. The cost of making an article is
tures in the ratio 5 : 3. If each
divided between materials, labour
saves Rs. 1,000. A’s income is—
and overheads in the ratio of
(A) Rs. 3000 (B) Rs. 4000 3 : 4 : 1. If the materials cost
(C) Rs. 6000 (D) Rs. 9000 Rs. 67·50, the cost of articles is—
78. The ratio of the first and second (A) Rs. 180
class fares between two stations (B) Rs. 122·50
is 4 : 1 and that of the number
of passengers travelling by first (C) Rs. 380
and second class is 1 : 40. If (D) Rs. 540

Answers with Hints

01. (A) Ram : Gopal = 7 : 17 = 49 :119 04. (C) Let the price of a scooter be Rs. 3x and that of a
Gopal : Krishan = 7 : 17 = 119 : 289 television set be Rs. 2x.
∴ Ram : Gopal : Krishan = 49 : 119 : 289 Then 3x – 2x = 6000 ⇒ x = 6000
⇒ Ram : Krishan = 49 : 289 ∴ Cost of a television set = 2x = Rs. 12000
Thus, 49 : 289 = 490 : x 05. (D) ˙·˙ 18 × 8 = x2
289 × 490 ∴ x = ⎯⎯⎯
√ 144 = 12
∴ x =
49
4πr2 1
= Rs. 2890 06. (C) =
4πR2 4
1 2
02. (A) ˙·˙ A = (B + C) ⇒ B + C = 2 A r 1
2 ⇒ =
R2 4
⇒ A + B + C = 3A
r 1
Thus 3A = 5625 ⇒ A = Rs. 1875 ⇒ =
R 2
1
Again B = (A + C) ⇒ A + C = 4B r 3
1
4 ⇒ =
⇒ A + B + C = 5B R3 8
∴ 5B = 5625 ⇒ B = Rs. 1125 4 3
πr
Thus A’s share is more than that of B by Rs. (1875 – v 3
Hence, =
1125) i.e. Rs. 750. V 4
πR3
03. (A) Let their shares be Rs. 4x and Rs. 3x. 3
Then 3x = 2400 1
=
⇒ x = 800 8
∴ Total amount = 7x = Rs. 5600 Thus their volumes are in the ratio 1 : 8.
07. (D) Let the heights of the cylinder and cone be h and
H respectively.
14. (C) Greater number = (420 ×47) = 240
1 15. (C) For dividing 12 into two whole numbers, the sum
˙·˙ πr2 h = πr2 H of the terms of the ratio must be a factor of 12.
3
So, they cannot be in the ratio 3 : 2.
h 1
⇒ = 16. (C) For dividing 64 into two whole numbers, the sum
H 3
of the terms of the ratio must be a factor of 64.
∴ h : H = 1 : 3. ∴ So they cannot be in the ratio 3 : 4.
So their heights are in the ratio 1 : 3. 17. (C) Less length, less weight
08. (A) Let the side of the square be x and let the radius ˙·˙ 13 : 6 : : 23·4 : x
of the circle be y ⇒ 13x = 6 × 23·4
x2 6 × 23·4
Then, x2 = πy2 ⇒ 2 = π ∴ x = = 10·8 kg
y 13
x Mean proportional = √ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
0·32 × 0·02 = ⎯
√⎯⎯⎯⎯
y = √
⇒ ⎯π 18. (D) 0·0064
= 0·08
∴ x:y = √ ⎯π:1 19. (C) Let 0·8 : 0·2 : : 0·2 : x
09. (B) Let the number of boys and girls be x and y Then 0·8 x = 0·2 × 0·2
respectively. Then 0·2 × 0·2 0·04 4
˙·˙ (x – y) = 12% of (x + y) ∴ x = = = = 0·05
0·8 0·80 80
3 20. (C) Let 0·2 : 0·12 : : 0·3 : x
⇒ x–y = (x + y)
25 ˙·˙ 0·2x = 0·12 × 0·3
⇒ 25x – 25y = 3x + 3y
0·12 × 0·3
x 28 14 ∴ x = = 0·18
⇒ 22x = 28y ∴ y = = 0·2
22 11 54 – x 75 – x
10. (B) Ratio of shares of A, B and C 21. (C) ˙·˙ =
71 – x 99 – x
1 1 1 ⇒ (54 – x) (99 – x) = (75 – x) (71 – x)
= : : = 15 : 12 : 10
20 25 30 ⇒ x2 – 153x + 5346 = x2 – 146 x + 5325
∴ (
A’s share = Rs. 2220 × )15
37
= Rs. 900 ⇒
∴
7x = 21
x = 3
B’s share = Rs. (2220 × ) = Rs. 720
12
6+x 18 + x
37 22. (B) ˙·˙ =
14 + x 38 + x
Thus, the share of A exceeds that of B by Rs. (900 –
720) = Rs. 180. ⇒ (6 + x) (38 + x) = (18 + x) (14 + x)
1 1 1 ⇒ x2 + 44x + 228 = x2 + 32x + 252
11. (D) Ratio = : : = 6 : 4 : 3
2 3 4 ⇒ 12x = 24 ∴ x = 2

(
∴ Share of third friend = Rs. 624 ×
3
13 ) 23. (B) ˙·˙
1
27
x:= :
3 5
7 9
= Rs. 144 5 1 3
⇒ x = ×
12. (A) Let the monthly salary of A, B, C be Rs. 2x, Rs. 9 27 7
3x and Rs. 5x respectively.
Then, 5x – 2x = 1200 ⇒ x = 400
⇒
5
9
x =
1
63
∴x=
1 9
×
63 5 ( =
1
35 )
∴ B’s monthly salary = 3x = Rs. 1200 7+x 2
24. (D) ˙·˙ =
Hence, B’s annual salary = Rs. (12 × 1200) 13 + x 3
= Rs. 14400 ⇒ 3 (7 + x) = 2 (13 + x) ∴ x = 5
1 2 3 5 5 × 8 40
13. (C) Ratio of their values = : : =5:4:3 25. (B) ˙·˙ = =
4 10 20 8 8 × 8 64
∴ Consequent = 64
∴ Value of 5 paise coins = Rs. 30 × ( 3
12 ) 26. (B) 7 : 15 =
7
= 0·466
= Rs. 7·50 15
750 15
∴ Number of 5 paise coins = = 150 15 : 23 = = 0·652
5 23
 17 38. (D) 0·6 x = 0·09 y
17 : 25 = = 0·68
25 x 0·09 9 3
⇒
21 y = 0·60 = 60 = 20 = 3 : 20
and 21 : 29 = = 0·724
29 39. (B) 10% of x = 20% of y
∴ The smallest one is 7 : 15. 10 20
27. (C) ⇒ x = y
100 100
1 1 1 x y x 10 2
28. (A) ˙·˙ A = B= C=x ⇒ = ⇒y= =
3 4 5 10 5 5 1
Then A = 3x, B = 4x and C = 5x Hence x:y = 2:1
∴ A : B : C = 3x : 4x : 5x = 3 : 4 : 5 A 2 B 4
40. (A) = and =
1 B 3 C 5
of Rs. 9·30
29. (B) Req. ratio
3
0·6 of Rs. 1·55
=
3·10 310 10
=
0·93 93
=
3
∴
A
C ( ) ( ) ( )
=
A B
B C
× =
2 4
3 5
× =
8
15
30. (D) Let the numbers be 3x and 5x C 15
So, =
3x + 10 A 8
5
Then = ⇒ 7 (3x + 10) = 5 (5x + 10) Hence C : A = 15 : 8
5x + 10 7
41. (B) Let the salaries of Laxman and Gopal one year
⇒ 4x = 20 ∴ x = 5 before be x1, y1 respectively.
So, the numbers are 15, 25. x1 3
∴ y1 = 4
x 2 2 1 …(1)
31. (B) ˙·˙ y = 3 and x = 2 x2 + y2 = 4160 …(2)
x 2 2 1
⇒ y ×x = 3 ×2
3
y2 = y1 = ×
2 2
3
( ) 4
3 1
x = × ×
3 4
2 3( ) 4
x
5 2
2 1 3 4 4 8
⇒ y = 3∴y=6 = × × x2 = x2
2 3 5 5
32. (C) ˙·˙ 2A = 3B and 4B = 5C
⇒ 8A = 12B and 12B = 15C
8
5 ( )
∴ x2 + y2 = x2 + x2 = 1 +
8
5
=
13
5 2
x = Rs. 4160

⇒ 8A = 12B = 15C = x 5
∴ x2 = × 4160 = 5 × 320 = Rs. 1600.
x x x 13
∴ A = ,B= ,C=
8 12 15 42. (C) Let their ages be 2x and 3x years
x x ˙·˙ 3x – 2x = 6 ⇒ x = 6
So, A:C = : = 15 : 8
8 15 ∴ Sumit’s age = 12 years,
33. (C) Let 2A = 3B = 4C = x Prakash’s age = 18 years
x x x After 6 years, Sumit’s age = 18 years
Then A = , B = and C =
2 3 4 After 6 years, Prakash’s age = 24 years
x x x ∴ Required ratio of their ages = 18 : 24 = 3 : 4
∴ A:B:C = : :
2 3 4 43. (C) Let their ages be 2x and 3x years
Hence A:B:C = 6:4:3 2x + 12 11
=
34. (C) ˙·˙
A
D
= ( A B C
× ×
B C D ) ( =
2 4 6
× ×
3 5 7 ) =
16
35
3x + 12 15
⇒ 15 (2x + 12) = 11 (3x + 12)
∴ A : D = 16 : 35 ⇒ 3x = 48
35. (A) Let A = x ∴ x = 16
Then B = 3x, C = 2 B = 6x ∴ Age of Sumit = 3x = 48 years
∴ A : B : C = x : 3x : 6x = 1 : 3 : 6 44. (C) Let their ages be 4x and x years.
36. (B) L.C.M. of 7 and 6 is 42 ˙·˙ 4x × x = 196
∴ x2 = 49 ⇒ x = 7
∴ A : B = 5 : 7 = 30 : 42
Their ages are 28 years and 7 years.
and B : C = 6 : 11 = 42 : 77
Ratio of their ages after 5 years = 33 : 12 = 11 : 4
Hence A : B : C = 30 : 42 : 77 45. (C) Let their ages be 6x and 5x years
37. (C) A:B = 7:9 ˙·˙ 6x + 5x = 44 ∴ x = 4
and B : C = 3 : 5 = 9 : 15 So their present ages are 24 years and 20 years
∴ A : B : C = 7 : 9 : 15 Ratio of their ages after 8 years = 32 : 28 = 8 : 7.
46. (C) Let son’s age 5 years ago = x years. 67·5 3
˙·˙ =
Then father’s age at that time = (5x) years. (17·5 + x) 1
After 2 years, son’s age = (x + 7) years. ⇒ 3 (17·5 + x) = 67·5 ∴ x = 5
After 2 years, father’s age = (5x + 7) years ∴ Water to be added = 5 kg.
˙·˙ 3 (x + 7) = 5x + 7 ∴ x = 7 55. (B) Let quantity of milk and water be 5x and x litres
Father’s age now = (5x + 5) = 40 years 5x 5
Then =
Son’s age now = (x + 5) = 12 years x+5 2
∴ Ratio of their present ages = 40 : 12 = 10 : 3 ⇒ 10x = 5x + 25 ∴ x = 5
47. (D) Their total age = (3 × 20) years = 60 years ∴ Quantity of milk = 5x = 25 litres
Let their ages be 3x, 5x and 7x years. Then 3x + 5x +
7x = 60 ⇒ x = 4 56. (D) ˙·˙ 20 kg of brass contains zinc = 13 kg
∴ Youngest girl is = 3x = 12 years old.
48. (D) Let the number of hens = x and number of
∴ 100 kg of brass contains zinc = ( 13
20 )
× 100 kg.

cows = y = 65 kg.
Then x + y = 48 and 2x + 4y = 140 57. (C) A : B = 4 : 5 = 8 : 10 and B : C = 2 : 3 = 10 : 15
Solving these equations, we get 2y = 44 ∴ y = 22 ∴ A : B : C = 8 : 10 : 15
So, x = (48 – 22) = 26 If A has Rs. 8, C has Rs. 15
∴ Number of hens = 26
49. (A) Ratio of wages of 6 men, 8 women and 6 children
If A has Rs. 800 C has Rs. ( 15
8 )
× 100 = Rs. 1500
= 6 × 4 : 8 × 3 : 6 × 2 = 24 : 24 : 12
= 2:2:1 58. (B) Alcohol = ( 20
100 )
× 15 litres = 3 litres,

∴ Total money earned by children = Rs. 950 ×( )1

5 New mix. contains alcohol = 3 litres,
Water = 12 litres

= Rs. 190 Water = 15 litres

50. (C) Let the numbers be 3x and 4x ∴ Percentage of alcohol in new mix.
Then, their L.C.M. = 12x
⇒ 12x = 180 ∴ x = 15 =( 3
18 )
× 100 %
Hence, the first number = 45 2
= 16 %
51. (C) (
Milk = 60 ×
2
3) litres = 40 litres
59. (C) M = 3E and =
M 4
3

Water = (60 – 40) litres = 20 litres H 3

40 1 3 3 9
˙·˙ = ∴ H = M = × 3E = E
20 + x 2 4 4 4
⇒ 20 + x = 80 ∴ x = 60 Now M + E + H = 250
Hence, water to be added = 60 litres. 9
⇒ 3E + E + E = 250
52. (B) ˙·˙ A : B = 2 : 3, B : C = 2 : 3 4
and C:D = 2:3 ⇒ 25 E = 1000 ∴ E = 40
⇒ A : B = 8 : 12, B : C = 12 : 18 60. (D) Data is inadequate.
and C : D = 18 : 27 61. (C) Let, 1 gm of gold be mixed with x gm of copper
∴ A : B : C : D = 8 : 12 : 18 : 27 to give (1 + x) gm of mixture.

So (
A’s share = Rs. 1300 ×
8
)
65
= Rs. 160
Now, 1G = 19W and 1C = 9W and mixture = 15W
Now, 1 gm gold + x gm copper = (1 + x) gm mixture
1 2 ˙·˙ 19 W + 9W × x = (1 + x) × 15W
53. (B) First glass contains milk = and water =
3 3 4W 4 2
Thus 4W = 6W x ∴ x = = =
1 3 6W 6 3
Second glass contains milk = and water = 2
4 4 So the required ratio is 1 : i.e. 3 : 2
3
∴ Now tumbler contains water = ( )2 3
3 4
+ =
17
12 62. (C) Let
a c
b = d=k
7 17
∴ Ratio of milk and water = : = 7 : 17 Then a = b k and c = dk
12 12
ma + nc mbk + ndk ⎛ mb + nd⎞
54. (A) Milk = 85 × ( )
27
34
kg =
135
2
kg = 67·5 kg ∴
mb + nd
=
mb + nd
=k⎜
⎝ mb + nd⎠
⎟

(
Water = 85 × ) ( )
7
34
kg =
35
2
kg = 17·5 kg
a
=k = b=a:b
63. (B) ˙·˙ P : (Q + R) = 2 : 5
71. (C) Suppose C gets Re. 1. Then B gets Re. (14)
∴ (
P’s share = Rs. 1050 ×
2
) = Rs. 300

64. (B) ˙·˙

2 2 9
A + 40 = B + 20 = C + 10 = x
7
˙.˙ A gets = Re. (23 ×14) = Re. 16
5 7 17 1 1
∴ A:B:C = : : 1 = 2 : 3 : 12
5 7 6 4
∴ A = (x – 40), B = (x – 20)

and C =
2
17
(x – 10)
2
Hence (
B’s share = Rs. 680 ×
3
17 ) = Rs. 120
9 72. (D) ˙·˙ Remainder = Rs. [2430 – (5 + 10 + 15)]
5 7 17 = Rs. 2400
⇒ (x – 40) + (x – 20) + (x – 10) = 600
2 2 9
⇒ 45x – 1800 + 63x – 1260 + 34x – 340 = 10800 ∴ A’s share = Rs. [( 2400 ×
3
12 ) ]
+5
14200 = Rs. 605
⇒ 142x = 14200 ∴ x = = 100
142 1 1 1
5 73. (C) Ratio of sides : : = 20 : 15 : 12
Hence A’s share = (100 – 40) = Rs. 150 3 4 5
2
65. (C) (
Milk = 729 ×
7
) = 567 ml
(
Length of smallest side = 94 ×
12
47 ) cm.
9 = 24 cm.
Water = 729 ×( 2
9) = 162 ml 74.
1 1 1
(D) Ratio of time taken = : : = 20 : 15 : 12
3 4 5
567 7
˙·˙ = 75. (B) Suppose C gets Rs. x
162 + x 3
Then, B gets Rs. (x + 8) and A gets Rs. (x + 15)
⇒ 3 × 567 – 7 × 162 = 7x
⇒ x + x + 8 + x + 15 = 53 ∴ x = 10
⇒ 1701 – 1134 = 7x
567 So, A gets Rs. 25, B gets Rs. 18 and C gets Rs. 10
∴ 7x = 1701 – 1134 ∴ x = = 81 ml
7 ∴ A : B : C = 25 : 18 : 10
66. (C) Gold in C = ( 7 7
+
9 18 ) =
21 7
18 6
= 76. (C) A : B : C = 100 : 65 : 35 = 20 : 13 : 7
If C’s share is Rs. 7, the sum is Rs. 40
Copper in C = ( 2 11
+
9 18 ) =
15 5
18 6
= If C’s share is Rs. 28, the sum is Rs. ( 40
7
× 28 )
7 5 = Rs. 160
∴ Gold : Copper = : = 7 : 5
6 6 77. (C) Let their incomes be 3x, 2x and expenditures 5y,
1 1 1 3y respectively. Then,
67. (D) ˙·˙ A = B= C=x
2 3 6 3x – 5y = 1000 and 2x – 3y = 1000
⇒ A = 2x, B = 3x, C = 6x Solving these equations we get x = 2000, y = 1000
∴ A:B:C = 2:3:6 ∴ A’s Income = 3x = Rs. 6000
(
Third part = Rs. 1870 ×
6
11 ) = Rs. 1020 78. (D) Ratio of amounts collected from 1st and 2nd
class
68. (A) A : (B + C) = 2 : 9 = (4 × 1 : 1 × 40) = (1 : 10)
∴ (
A’s share = Rs. 385 ×
2
) = Rs. 70 ∴ Amount collected as 1st class fare

69. (D) ˙·˙ 5A = 3B = 2C = x

11
(
= Rs. 1100 ×
1
11 )= Rs. 100
x x x 79. (C) Let the number of students be 2x, 3x and 5x
⇒ A = , B = and C =
5 3 2 ˙·˙ (2x + 20) : (3x + 20) : (5x + 20) = 4 : 5 : 7
x x x 2x + 20 3x + 20 5x + 20
∴ A : B : C = : : = 6 : 10 : 15 ⇒ = =
5 3 2 4 5 7
1 1 ⇒ 5 (2x + 20) = 4 (3x + 20) ∴ x = 10
70. (B) ˙·˙ A: B = 3:4
5 8 Hence, total number of students before increase
8A 120 = 10x = 100.
⇒ =
5B 160 80. (A) If material cost Rs. 3, the cost of the article is
A 120 5 15 = Rs. (3 + 4 + 1) = Rs. 8
⇒ = × =
B 160 8 32 If material cost Rs. 67·50, the cost of the article
∴ (
First part = Rs. 94 × )
15
47
= Rs. 30 = Rs. ( 8
3 )
× 67·50 = Rs. 180