AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO 4

Lab Title: To improve Power handling capacity and stability of transmission line

Student Name: M Awais Tariq, Hanif Raza Reg. No: 190492, 181846

Objective: To measure power transfer capabilities of the demonstrator lines without

series compensation. To observe the effects the of series compensation on

the power transfer capability and stability of transmission line.

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory

Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: 24-2-2023 Signature:

Finding Power handling capacity of transmission line
Power Transfer Capability of Line 1:
1. Open all the demonstrator switches and set series compensator to 0%.
2. Put transmission line 1 into service by closing both switches S1 and S2.
3. Adjust the sender voltage to 735kV using source adjustment.
4. Connect a resistive load of 900MW to line1.
5. By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 KV
Vr 760 KV
Behaviour of transmission line: As the receiver voltage exceeds the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line is capacitive.
6. According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 450 Mvar
Vs 730 KV
Vr 720 KV

7. On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 6°
Loading condition of line As pahse shift is only 6 ° then the power demand is well below power
Transfer capability of transmission line 1.

8. Increase load on line 1 to 1800MW and repeat step 4-6.

 By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 730 KV
Vr 740 KV
Behaviour of transmission line: As the receiver voltage exceeds the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line is capacitive.
According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 150 Mvar
Vs 730 KV
Vr 735 KV
On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 12 °
Loading condition of line: As pahse shift is only 12° which is less than 30° the power demand is still below
Power transfer capability of transmission line 1.

9. Increase load on line 1 to 3600MW and repeat step 4-6.

By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 kV
Vr 680 KV
Behavior of transmission line: As the receiver voltage is less than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 1 is inductive. _
According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 800 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 730 KV
On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 25 °
Loading condition of line: Still the maximum power transfer capability of line 1 is still not reached.

10. Increase load on line 1 to 4500MW and repeat step 4-6.

By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 KV
Vr 620 KV
Behaviour of transmission line: As the receiver voltage is less than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 1 is inductive.
 According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 1500 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 730 KV
On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 30 °
Loading condition of line: Therefore the power transfer capability of line 1 has been reached and is
4500 MW.

Note: If the angle exceeds 35 degree you may readjust the load value to accurately measure the power
transfer capability of line1.
11. What is the power transfer capability of line1?
It is 4500 MW.

Power Transfer Capability of Line 2:

1. Open all the demonstrator switches and set series compensator to 0%.
2. Put transmission line 2 into service by closing both switches S3 and S4.
3. Adjust the sender voltage to 735kV using source adjustment.
4. Connect a resistive load of 900MW to line2.
5. By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 KV
Vr 745 KV
Behaviour of transmission line As the receiver voltage is greater than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 2 is capacitive.
6. According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 100 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 735 KV
7. On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 10 °
Loading condition of line As phase shift is only 10° which is less than 30° the power demand is still below
Max Power transfer capability of transmission line 2.

8. Increase load on line 2 to 1800MW and repeat step 4-6.

 By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 KV
Vr 785 KV
Behaviour of transmission line As the receiver voltage is greater than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 2 is capacitive.
_
According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 300 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 740 KV
On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 17 °
Loading condition of line As phase shift is 17° which is less than 30° the power demand is still below
Max power transfer capability of transmission line 2

9. Increase load on line 2 to 3600MW and repeat step 4-6.

By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
Vs 735 KV
Vr 670 KV
Behaviour of transmission line As the receiver voltage is less than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 2 is inductive.

According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 1000 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 730 KV
On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 38 °
Loading condition of line As phase shift is 38° which is more than 30° the power demand exceeds
Max power transfer capability of transmission line 2

Note: If the angle exceeds 35 degree you may readjust the load value to accurately measure the power
transfer capability of line2.

10. Readjust the load on line 2 to bring phase angle as close as possible to 30 degree and repeat step 4-6.
By the comparison of receiving end voltage with sending end voltage, judge the behaviour of the
transmission line. Is the transmission line behaving inductive or capacitive in nature?
 Vs 735 KV
Vr 700 KV
Behaviour of transmission line: As the receiver voltage is less than the sender end voltage then the
Behavior of transmission line 2 is inductive.
_
According to the behaviour of line, connect appropriate shunt compensation to bring the receiver
voltage as close as possible to the sender voltage.
Compensation value 400 Mvar
Vs 735 KV
Vr 735 KV

On the phase meter observe the phase shift between sender and receiver end voltages. What do you
conclude about the loading condition of the line seeing the phase shift?
Ⴔ 30 °
Loading condition of line As phase shift is 30 ° therefore the power transfer capability of line 2 has been
reached and is 2925 MW.

11. What is the power transfer capability of line2?

2925 MW.
Observations:
 In this experiment we did shunt compensation of line 1 & 2. When Vs > Vr transmission line is
inductive we did shunt capacitance compensation and when Vs < Vr transmission line is
capacitive we did shunt inductive compensation to balance sender and receiver voltages.
 Phase angle > 30° indicated that still max power transfer capability is not reached and at 30°
Max capacity was reached. Max power transfer capability of line 1 is 4500 MW while line 2
is 2925 MW.
Improving Power handling capacity and stability of
transmission line
Procedure
1. Open all the demonstrator switches and set series compensator to 0%.
2. Put transmission line 2 into service by closing both switches S3 and S4.
3. Adjust the sender voltage to 735kV using source adjustment.
4. Connect a resistive load equal to power handling capacity of line2 as found previously. This load
corresponds to power handling capacity of Line 2 without series compensation.
5. Connect the required shunt capacitor to the load to make sender and receiver end voltages as close as
possible. The phase angle should now be at the boundary of safe limit i.e. 30 degrees.
Ⴔ 30 °
Loading condition of line At 2925 MW phase is 30° this is max power transfer capability of line 2.

6. Set the series compensator to 17%.

7. Observe that the phase angle has now reduced for the same amount of load.
Ⴔ 24 °
Loading condition of line: Now the phase has decreased to 24° but load is still 2925 MW this means that
the power transfer capability is increased and the stability of the system is improved.

8. The series compensation improves the stability of the system by enhancing power transfer capability of
lines by reducing phase shift between end voltages. So, the line can carry more load with series
compensation. Thus, increase the load to 3600MW and readjust the shunt compensation to match end
voltages.

Compensation value 1000 Mvar

Vs 735 KV
Vr 730 KV

Ⴔ 33°
Loading condition of line : Line 2 is now at max load of 3600 MW.
9. Calculate the percentage improvement in power handling capacity of line 2.
Power capacity with series compensation- Power capacity without series compensation x 100
Power capacity without series compensation
 10. Increase the series compensation factor to 34% and repeat step 7-9.

Observe that the phase angle has now reduced for the same amount of load.
Ⴔ 25°
Loading condition of line: Now the phase has decreased to 25° but load is still 3600 MW this means that
the power transfer capability is increased and the stability of the system is improved.

The series compensation improves the stability of the system by enhancing power transfer capability of
lines by reducing phase shift between end voltages. So, the line can carry more load with series
compensation. Thus, increase the load to 4500MW and readjust the shunt compensation to match end
voltages.

Compensation value 1500 Mvar

Vs 735 KV

Vr 735 KV

Ⴔ 32°
Loading condition of line The line is now at max power transfer capability.

Calculate the percentage improvement in power handling capacity of line 2.

Power capacity with series compensation- Power capacity without series compensation x 100
Power capacity without series compensation

Conclusion:
In this lab we learnt that when Vs > Vr transmission line is inductive otherwise capacitive. Shunt compensation is
is used to balance the voltages on sending and receiving sides. The series compensation is used to increase the
max power transfer capability of transmission lines.