A traffic accident is a collision in which a
motor vehicle collides with another vehicle
and results in unintentional injury, death or
property damage.
Classification of Traffic Accidents: 1. Motor-
Vehicle Traffic Accident. The ordinary
collision of motor vehicles on a highway. 2.
Non-motor-Vehicle Traffic Accident.
Collision between a pedestrian and a
bicyclist on a sidewalk. 3. Motor-Vehicle
Non Traffic Accident. A motor vehicle
accident on a farm or in a private driveway.
Methods of Traffic Control: 1. Channelizing
Device: Cones Tubular Markers 
Vertical Panels Drums Barricades
2. Other Channelizing Devices: Proper
STOP/SLOW paddle used  Dress in visible
clothing for weather/work  Location is
safe, visible, and proper distance from signs
and work  Escape route planned Proper
signals used  Eye contact with drivers
 Breaks taken as  Frequent inspection and
drive through of site
Technical Aspects of Traffic Accident
Investigation: 1. He should know how to
photograph the scene of the accident
properly, to show the important facts. 3. He
should know what kind of physical evidence
to look for in hit-and-run cases.
Chain of Events of a Traffic Accident: 1.
Perception of Hazard. 2. Encroachment. 3.
Roadway. 4. Leaving the Road. 5. Initial
Contract. 6. Maximum Engagement. .7.
Disengagement. 8. Stopping. 9.
Urban Transportation planning: 1: Urban
transportation Problem travel demand:
Urban issues, Travel demand. 2: Data
Collection and Inventories: Collection of
data. 3: Trip generation and distribution:
Trip generation analysis, Trip Distribution. 4:
Mode choice and traffic assignment: Mode
choice behaviour, Traffic Assignment. 5:
Plan Preparation and Evaluation:
Urban transportation Problem travel
demand: Urban issues, Travel
characteristics, Evolution of planning
Process, Supply and demand -Systems
approach, Travel demand, Trades Analysis,
Estimation of Travel Demand, Overall
planning process, Urban Transportation
planning, Long term Urban Transportation
planning, Short term Urban Transportation
planning, Demand function, Independent
Variables
Basic Steps in Traffic Accident
Investigation: 1. Promptly responding to
the incident. 2. Planning an investigation. 3.
Gathering data and accounts from
eyewitnesses. 4. Releasing the incident
scene for further work. 5. Analyzing
collected data. 6. Creating an accident
report and sharing your findings. 7.
Determining corrective steps. 8. Making
changes.
Nature of Common Hit & Cases: 1. Run over
of pedestrian crossing on the roadway or
crosswalk. 2. Sideswiped of pedestrian on
the sidewalk or road shoulders. 3. Collided
with a moving vehicle while overtaking on
same direction. 4. Collided with a moving
vehicle while overtaking on opposite
direction. 5. Damaged parked vehicle along
the roadside and parking areas. 6. Crushed
police road blocks. 7. Bumped stray animal
on the roadway
Hit & Run Investigation: 1. Look over the
ground at what seems to be the point of
collision. 2. Look for things that may have
spilled from the vehicle. 3. The search for
physical evidence at the scene of a hit-and-
run accident must be done properly and
quickly.
Levels of Activity in Accident Investigation:
1.Reporting, 2. At-scene Investigation, 3.
Technical Preparation, 4. Professional
Reconstruction, 5. Cause Analysis
Data Collection and Inventories:
Inventories and surveys, Collection of data,
Overview, Survey design, Information
needed, Study area, Zoning, Types of source
of data, Road side Interviews, Commercial
vehicle surveys, Accuracy Checks,
Population and economic data,
Trip generation and distribution: UTPS
approach, Trip Generation, Trip Types, Trip
attraction models, Trip purpose, Trip Mode,
Trip time, Trip length,
Mode choice and traffic assignment: Mode
choice, Mode choice behaviour, Types of
modal split models, All-or-Nothing
assignment, Capacity Restraint Techniques,
User Equilibrium assignment (UE), Diversion
Curves,