« MATHS 2A 1

BABY BULLET-Q «

6. BINOMIAL THEOREM
(1 X 2) + (2 X 7) = 16Marks

@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?

1.1) Binomial theorem for integral index:
(x+y)n=nC0xn+nC1xn-1y+nC2xn-2y2+....+nCrxn-ryr+....+nCnyn, nÎN
1.2) The general term of the binomial expansion is Tr+1=nCrxn-ryr.
2) Standard Binomial expansion:
(1+x)n = 1+nx+nC2x2+....+nCrxr+....+xn = C0+C1x+C2x2+....+Crxr+......+Cnxn
3) In the expansion of (1+x)n (i) the coefficient of xr is nCr=the coefficient of (r+1)th term

Q
(ii) the coefficient of rth term is nCr-1
4) Middle term and greatest coefficient:
(a) If n is even then (i) the middle term of (1  x ) n is T n
1
T-
(ii)greatest coefficient is n C n .

E
2 2
(b) If n is odd then (i) two middle terms are T n 1 , T n 3
n
(ii) greatest coefficients are C n 1 , C n 1
n
2

L L 2

(n  1) | D |

U
2 2
5) Numerically greatest term(s) in the expansion of (1+a)n: Find
| D | 1

B
If this value is a mixed fraction with integral part 'r' then the numerically greatest term is Tr+1
If the value is an integer, say r then Tr and Tr+1 are the two numerically greatest terms.
6) Binomial Theorem for Rational Index:

(1  X) n
n n(n  1) 2
Y n(n  1).....(n  r  1) r

B
6.1) 1 X X  .........  (1)r .X  ......
1! 2! r!

6.2) (1  X) n 1
n
X
A
n(n  1) 2
X  ......... 
n(n  1).....(n  r  1) r
.X  ......

B
1! 2! r!
p 2 r
q p § x · p(p  q) § x · p(p  q).....(p  (r  1)q) § x ·
6.3) (1  x) 1 ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸  .....  . ¨ ¸  ......
1©q¹ 1.2 © q ¹ r! ©q¹

p 2 r
q p § x · p(p  q) § x · r p(p  q)....(p  (r  1)q) § x ·
6.4) (1  x) 1 ¨ ¸  ¨ ¸  .....  (1) . . ¨ ¸  .......
1©q¹ 1.2 © q ¹ r! ©q¹

7) If x is a real number and |x|<1, then (i) (1  x) 1 1  x  x 2  x 3  ....  ( 1) r x r  ......

(ii) (1  x) 2 1  2x  3x 2  4x 3  ....  ( 1) r .(r  1)x r  ......

8) Useful Formulae: (i) nCr + nCr–1 = (n+1)Cr ; nCr + nCr+1 = (n+1)Cr+1

n n
Cr n  r 1 C r 1 nr
(ii) ;
n
C r 1 r n
Cr r 1
(n  1)(n  2)
(iii) The number of terms in the expansion of (a+b+c)n =
2