« MATHS 2A 1

BABY BULLET-Q «

3.QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS
(1 X 2) + (1 X 4) = 6 Marks

@IMP FORMULAS, KEY CONCEPTS?

 b r b 2  4ac
1) The roots of ax2+bx+c=0 are given by x
2a
b  (coefficient of x )
2.1) The sum of the roots of ax2+bx+c=0 is given by D  E
a coefficient of x 2

Q
c constant term

-
2.2) The product of the roots of ax2+bx+c=0 is given by DE
a coefficient of x 2
3)
T
The quadratic equation with roots a,b is (x-a)(x-b)=0 i.e., x2-(a+b)x+ab=0

4) The discriminant of ax2+bx+c=0 is D=b2-4ac

L E
5) The roots of ax2+bx+c=0 are equal Û D=b2-4ac=0
L
U
2
4ac  b b
6.1) If a>0 then ax2+bx+c has the minimum value at x = 

B
4a 2a
2
4ac  b b

Y
6.2) If a<0 then ax2+bx+c has the maximum value at x = 
4a 2a

7) B
Tracing the changes in the signs of the quadratic expression ax2+bx+c:

A
B
Sign of D Sign of the expression Values of x
D=b2-4ac<0 a and ax2+bx+c have the same sign " xÎR
D=b2-4ac=0 a and ax2+bx+c have the same sign " xÎR–{–b/2a}

D=b2-4ac>0 a and ax2+bx+c have the same sign x<a or x>b

a,b are roots of
ax2+bx+c=0, a<b a and ax2+bx+c have opposite signs a<x<b

8) Quadratic inequalities:
For a<b, (x-a)(x-b)<0 Û xÎ(a,b), (x-a)(x-b)£0 ÛxÎ[a,b]
(x-a)(x-b)>0 Û xÎ(-¥,a)È(b,¥), (x-a)(x-b)³0 Û xÎ(-¥, a]È[b, -¥)

9) Useful algebraic formulae:

a2+b2=(a+b)2–2ab; a3+b3=(a+b)3–3ab(a+b)=(a+b)((a+b)2–3ab)