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Green Energy and Technology
Adriano Bisello · Daniele Vettorato

Pierre Laconte · Simona Costa Editors
Smart and
Sustainable
Planning for Cities
and Regions
Results of SSPCR 2017
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8059
Adriano Bisello Daniele Vettorato
•
Pierre Laconte Simona Costa

•
Editors
Smart and Sustainable

Planning for Cities
and Regions
Results of SSPCR 2017
123
Editors
Adriano Bisello Pierre Laconte
EURAC Research Foundation for the Urban Environment
Bolzano Kortenberg
Italy Belgium
Daniele Vettorato Simona Costa

EURAC Research Costa & Partners Consulting sprl
Bolzano Brussels
Italy Belgium
ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)

ISBN 978-3-319-75773-5 ISBN 978-3-319-75774-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018933490
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from
the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this
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for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to
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Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing AG
part of Springer Nature
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Foreword
This book presents a selection of the best papers delivered at the Second interna-
tional conference on Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions 2017,
hosted by EURAC Research in Bolzano, Italy, and held on 22–24 March 2017.
Comprising forty-six papers from policymakers, academics and consultant
researchers, it sets out the state of the art on smart and sustainable planning, the
findings of the groundbreaking research already conducted into the subject and
progress made by cities and regions in meeting the challenges they face in cham-
pioning future actions directed at climate change adaptation and the mitigation of
global warming.
The groundbreaking research, challenges, adaptations and mitigations the book
compiles include:
– Smart planning for adaptation and mitigation;

– Information and communication technologies (ICTs), space and society;
– The “next economy” for the city;
– Strategies and actions for good governance;
– Urban-rural innovation; and
– Rethinking mobility.
In addressing these themes, this book serves to show how climate change adap-
tation is only a headline in the smart and sustainable planning of cities and regions.
It does this by getting beneath the headline and uncovering the lesser known, but no
less significant contribution ICTs make to the smart and sustainable planning of
cities and regions. In uncovering this contribution, the book reveals how the smart
and sustainable planning of cities and regions assembles a platform for the design
and construction of those spaces which society cultivates as the built environments
of a “next economy”. That “next economy” which is seen by cities and regions
alike to be equally significant for the reason the governance of the urban and rural
innovation this gives rise to is also able to rethink mobility.
v
vi Foreword
Collectively, the papers force those policymakers, academics and consultant

researchers championing the climate change adaptation measures of smart and
sustainable planning, to not only rethink mobility, or call for the good governance
of urban and rural innovation across cities and within regions, but also reflect on
what the “next economy” contributes to the design and construction of those spaces
which society considers key to the cultivation of built environments that are capable
of mitigating global warming.
Edinburgh, UK Prof. Mark Deakin

Edinburgh Napier University
Preface
Since 2015, the Urban and Regional Energy System research group at EURAC
Research has organized the international conference on Smart and Sustainable
Planning for Cities and Regions (SSPCR—http://www.sspcr.eurac.edu/).
This biannual event is gaining even more attention on the international level,
thanks to its holistic and multidimensional approach. Indeed, the SSPCR confer-
ence focuses on innovative planning methodologies, tools and experiences aimed at
supporting the transition of our cities and regions towards a smarter and more
sustainable dimension, approaching various investigation scales, branches of sci-
ence and intervention perspectives. Contributions from fields of research covering
the scientific and professional communities of urban and regional planning are
presented at SSPCR by international keynote speakers and complemented by
selected participants. At SSPCR, research findings emerging from demonstration
projects are also represented, so as to disseminate innovative approaches to smart
and sustainable planning.
The keynote speakers at SSPCR 2017, hosted by EURAC and held in Bolzano,
Italy, on 22–24 March 2017, are:
– Mark Deakin, Professor of Built Environment and Head of the Centre for
Smart Cities, Institute for Sustainable Construction, at Edinburgh Napier
University. He offers a critical synthesis of the smart-city literature. This is
based on an interdisciplinary reading of smart cities and the insights a Triple
Helix-inspired account of future Internet-based developments offers into the
digital infrastructures, data management systems and renewable energies of
cloud computing.
– Hans Dubois, Research Manager of the Living Conditions and Quality of Life
unit at the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working
Conditions (EUROFOUND). Hans’ talk is about the costs and consequences of
inadequate housing in Europe and the quality of life in urban and rural Europe.
He also outlines a new project on neighbourhood quality and the role of
local-level measures in building up the quality of life.
vii
viii Preface
– Lia Ghilardi, Founder and Director of NOEMA, a UK-based organization

working internationally to deliver place mapping and strategic cultural-planning
projects. Lia kicks-off and moderates the international debate on how cultural
resources and culture-led regeneration strategies are playing a crucial role in the
transformation of many European post-industrial cities. Such approaches to
local development have been closely linked to economic competitiveness,
attraction of investment and cultural tourism flows. International case studies are
presented on Matera and Taranto (Italy), Amsterdam (the Netherlands) and
Prague (Czech Republic).
– Tamara Krawchenko, Policy Analyst in the Regional Development Policy
Division of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD). Tamara presents the findings of the OECD’s report on The
Governance of Land-Use in OECD Countries, offering analysis and recom-
mendations on land-use policies and practices, with particular attention paid to
the interactions between planning tools, fiscal frameworks and incentives.
– Pierre Laconte, President of the Foundation for the Urban Environment
(FFUE). He is a past President of the International Society of City and Regional
Planners (ISOCARP) and the former Secretary General of the International
Association of Public Transport. He was also evaluator for the European Green
Capital Award in 2012 and 2013 and a member of the Lee Kuan Yew World
City Award Council. Pierre’s presentation offers insights into how to answer the
following questions about smart and sustainable cities: what is smart? What is
sustainable?
– Manel Sanmartí, Head of the Electrical Engineering Research Area (EERA) at
the Catalonia Energy Research Institute (IREC). Manel’s talk is about the
GrowSmarter project, a smart-city project funded by the European Commission
under its SCC1-2015 call, which had the objective of transforming cities for a
smart, sustainable Europe by deploying 12 smart energies, mobility and ICT
solution in three main European cities: Stockholm, Cologne and Barcelona.
– Sabine Sulzer, Head of the Lucerne Competence Center for Energy Research
(LUCCERNE) and Professor of Sustainable Energy Systems at the Lucerne
University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLSU). Sabine offers a presentation
on the coordinated research project in Switzerland concerning energy efficiency
in buildings and districts. The goal of the project is to reduce the environmental
footprint of Swiss building stock by a factor of three.
SSPCR 2017 keynote speakers and international guests have the paramount role of
inspiring the discussion among delegates and introducing the thematic sessions.
During the three conference days, about ninety oral and poster presentations are
given over to attendees coming from 20 countries. The organizers believe this goes
some way to confirm the status of SSPCR 2017 as a high-level international
communication platform and event for members of the scientific and professional
community to share their latest experiences of smart and sustainable planning.
Preface ix
This book comprises a selection of the best contributions presented at SSPCR

2017, facing the challenge of inspiring the transition of urban areas and rural
regions towards smarter and more sustainable places to live. To this aim, planners
and stakeholders are called to take over—in a multidimensional perspective—both
the urgent issues related to climate change and energy efficiency and the new
changes introduced by cities’ digitalization and the integration of ICT into infras-
tructures, mobility and social interactions.
The second edition of the international conference on Smart and Sustainable
Planning for Cities and Regions—SSPCR 2017—is supported by ISOCARP,
OECD, Springer, EUROFOUND, FFUE, AISRe, Urbasofia, and in partnership
with Klimamobility 2017 and New Metropolitan Perspectives 2018.
We wish to express our sincere gratitude to the reviewers, Scientific Committee
members, keynote speakers, session chairpersons, Organizing Committee and
members of staff at EURAC for making this conference successful. Finally, the
editors would like to express special thanks to Mr. Pierpaolo Riva, Springer editor,
for his professional assistance in publishing this volume in the book series Green
Energy and Technology.
Bolzano, Italy Adriano Bisello

Bolzano, Italy Daniele Vettorato
Kortenberg, Belgium Pierre Laconte
Brussels, Belgium Simona Costa
SSPCR 2017 Scientific Committee
Project Manager & Scientific Committee Coordinator

Adriano Bisello—EURAC Research
Scientific Committee Members—Keynote Speakers
Mark Deakin—Edinburgh Napier University—Centre for Smart Cities
Hans Dubois—European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working
Conditions (EUROFOUND)
Lia Ghilardi—NOEMA
Tamara Krawchenko—Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD)
Pierre Laconte—Foundation for the Urban Environment (FFUE)
Manel Sanmartí—Catalonia Energy Research Institute (IREC)
Sabine Sulzer—Lucerne School of Engineering and Architecture (HSLU)
Scientific Committee Members
Adriano Bisello—EURAC Research
Francesco Calabrò—University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria
Simona Costa—Municipality of Genoa (Brussels office), Action Cluster leader—
EIP SMART CITIES
Pietro Elisei—Urbasofia
Christian Hoffmann—EURAC Research
Ezio Micelli—IUAV University of Venice, Venice
Bruno Monardo—Sapienza University, Rome
Stefano Moroni—Politecnico di Milano, Milan
Alessandra Proto—OECD LEED Trento Centre for Local Development
Elisa Ravazzoli—EURAC Research
Petra Scudo—EURAC Research
Wolfram Sparber—EURAC Research
xi
xii SSPCR 2017 Scientific Committee
Daniele Vettorato—EURAC Research

Alyona Zubaryeva—EURAC Research
Organizing Committee
Daniela Gasser—EURAC Meeting Management
Contents
Part I Smart Planning for Adaption and Mitigation

Smart and Sustainable Cities: What Is Smart?—What
Is Sustainable? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 3
Pierre Laconte
1 “Smart Cities” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 3
2 “Sustainable Cities” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 7
3 Three Pioneering Approaches to Smart and Sustainable
Cities or Neighborhoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 9
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 17
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ 18
Multicriteria Approach for a Multisource District Heating .......... 21
Alice Dénarié, Marco Calderoni and Marcello Aprile
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3 The Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Europe’s Building Stock and Its Energy Demand: A Comparison
Between Austria and Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 35
Simon Pezzutto, Franziska Haas, Dagmar Exner and Stefano Zambotti
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4 Discussion and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
xiii
xiv Contents
Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort in Historic

Refurbished and Non-refurbished Buildings in South Tyrol:
An Open Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... 49
Francesca Roberti, Dagmar Exner and Alexandra Troi
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Experimentation of a Smart-Planning Approach for the
Sustainable Renewal of the Building Heritage of Smaller
Sardinian Historic Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 65
Stefano Pili
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4 Discussion: Learned Lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Assessing Urban System Vulnerabilities to Flooding to Improve
Resilience and Adaptation in Spatial Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... 79
Riccardo Pasi, Christophe Viavattene, Goffredo La Loggia
and Francesco Musco
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2 Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3 Assessing Systemic Flood Impacts Over Urban Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Place-Based Policy-Making and Community Security: A Decision
Support System for Integrated Planning of Urban Ecosystem Services
and Disservices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 95
Sandro Sacchelli, Sara Fabbrizzi, Francesco Geri and Marco Ciolli
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4 Discussion and Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Contents xv
Integrated Planning Policies for the Ecological Territories

and Ecocities: Implementation of a Smart Sustainable Approach . . . . . 105
Stefano Aragona
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2 I Have a Town Planning Dream…, A Story to Be Resumed . . . . . . . . . 108
3 The Great Difficulties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4 Political Choices Change the Territories: This Is the
Final Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Part II Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs),

Space and Society
Open Data Assessment in Italian and Spanish Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Raffaele Sisto, Javier García López, José Manuel Paéz
and Elena Maté Múgica
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Spatial Footprints of Context-Aware Digital Services. Eventual
Self-regulated Alignments of Dating Apps with the Urban Shape . . . . . 133
Iñigo Lorente-Riverola and Javier Ruiz-Sánchez
1 Introduction: Towards Hyperlocal Urban Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
2 Method: Storytelling with (Big) Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3 Results: Storytelling with Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
4 Discussion: Understanding ‘The Context’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
5 Conclusion: Beyond Digital Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Analyzing Cities with the Global Human Settlement Layer:
A Methodology to Compare Urban Growth Using Remote
Sensing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Michele Melchiorri and Alice Siragusa
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
xvi Contents
Social Acceptance of Energy Retrofit in Social Housing:

Beyond the Technological Viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Jessica Balest and Daniele Vettorato
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
2 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
4 Cluster Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
5 Strategies for the Social Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
A Goal-Oriented Framework for Analyzing and Modeling City
Dashboards in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Katiuscia Mannaro, Gavina Baralla and Chiara Garau
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
2 State of the Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
5 Discussions and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Assessing Preferences for Attributes of City Information Points:
Results from a Choice Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Gianluca Grilli, Silvia Tomasi and Adriano Bisello
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
3 Results and Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Game Over or Jumping to the Next Level? How Playing the Serious
Game ‘Mobility Safari’ Instigates Social Learning for a Smart
Mobility Transition in Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Katharina Gugerell, Mario Platzer, Martina Jauschneg,
Cristina Ampatzidou and Martin Berger
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
2 Games as Blissful Learning Environments for Sustainability
Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
3 Methods and Game Prototype ‘Mobility Safari’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
4 Consolidated Civic Learning with ‘Mobility Safari’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Contents xvii
Placemaking, Livability and Public Spaces: Achieving Sustainability

Through Eco-liv@ble Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Marichela Sepe
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
3 Results: The Case Studies of HafenCity and Hankou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Part III The “Next Economy” for the City

The Sharing Economy and Real Estate Market: The Phenomenon
of Shared Houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Leopoldo Sdino and Sara Magoni
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
3 The Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
4 Implications for the Housing Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Regional Impact Assessment: A Methodology to Measure the Regional
Value Added of Trans-Sectoral Urban Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Nadja Carius, Mike Speck and Katharina Laub
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
2 Methodological Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
3 Indicator Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
4 Regional Impact Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Incentive Policies for Residential Buildings Energy Retrofit:
An Analysis of Tax Rebate Programs in Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Pietro Bonifaci and Sergio Copiello
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
2 Incentive Policies for Building Energy Retrofit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
3 Case Study: Retrofit Alternatives and Cost Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
xviii Contents
Evaluating Health Benefits of Urban Energy Retrofitting:

An Application for the City of Turin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Cristina Becchio, Marta C. Bottero, Stefano P. Corgnati
and Federico Dell’Anna
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
2 What Endangers Human Health? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Property Evaluation for Residential Structures: A Predictive
Approach Using View and Spatial Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Amro Abdelalim and Ayman Ismail
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
2 Theoretical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
3 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
4 Case Study and Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
5 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
6 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
8 Application of Space Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Biogas and Biomethane Technologies: An AHP Model to Support
the Policy Maker in Incentive Design in Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Donatella Banzato, Rubina Canesi and Chiara D’Alpaos
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
2 Incentive Policy for RES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
3 The Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
4 Model and Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Rethinking the Construction Industry Under the Circular
Economy: Principles and Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Alessia Mangialardo and Ezio Micelli
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
2 Linear Economy Versus Circular Economy: Two Different
Approaches in the Built Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
3 Principles and Methods of the Circular Economy
in the Construction Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Contents xix
4 The Circular Approach in Three European Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Public and Private Benefits in Urban Development Agreements . . . . . . 345
Alessandra Oppio and Francesca Torrieri
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
2 Evaluation Perspectives in Urban Development Agreements . . . . . . . . . 347
3 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
What Interpretations for ‘Smart Specialization Strategies’
in European Urban Regions? Lessons from Boston . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Bruno Monardo
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
2 Smart Specialization: From Idea to Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
3 Clusters and Smart Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
4 The Innovation District Phenomenon: Lessons from
the Boston Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
5 Preliminary Findings and Final Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Part IV Strategies and Actions for Good Governance

Integrated Green Cities: Urban Meets Forest—A Case Study
of the Town of Trento . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Maria Giulia Cantiani, Alessandro Betta, Isabella De Meo,
Alessandro Paletto, Sara Tamanini and Federica Maino
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
2 Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Smart Cities for Local Growth. Experiences in Liguria, Italy.
The Case Studies of the Municipalities of Savona and La Spezia . . . . . . 389
Giovanni Sergi, Paolo Rosasco and Chiara Bianchi
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
2 Savona Smart-City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
3 La Spezia Smart-City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
xx Contents
Smart-City Development Paths: Insights from the First Two

Decades of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Luca Mora, Mark Deakin and Alasdair Reid
1 Introduction: Smart-City, One Term, Different
Interpretations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
2 Research Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
3 Results of Data Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
4 The Smart-City Research Field: Main Development Paths . . . . . . . . . . 409
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Energy Communities in a Distributed-Energy Scenario: Four
Different Kinds of Community Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Stefano Moroni, Valentina Alberti, Valentina Antoniucci
and Adriano Bisello
1 Introduction: Focus and Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
2 Concepts and Categories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
3 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
4 Conclusions and Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Post-war Strategy Itzling—A Methodological Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
Markus Karnutsch, Stefan Netsch and Thomas Reiter
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
2 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
SEA for Sustainable Cities: How the Strategic Environmental
Assessment Has Driven the ESI Programme Towards Urban
Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Gaia Galassi, François Levarlet and Elodie Lorgeoux
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
2 Data and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Barriers to Switching in Retail Electricity Markets: A Regional
Analysis of the Italian Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Magda Fontana, Martina Iori and Consuelo Rubina Nava
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
2 Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
3 Data and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Contents xxi
4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Public Space and Vibrant Ground-Floor Zones in Sustainable
City-Quarter Development: Learning from the Smart-City Graz . . . . . . 489
Aglaée Degros, Ernst Rainer, Martin Grabner and Oliver Konrad
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
2 Public Space and the Ground-Floor Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
3 Smart-City Graz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
4 Managed Shopping Street . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Governance and Urban Development Processes: Evaluating the
Influence of Stakeholders Through a Multi-criteria Approach—The
Case Study of Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Mauro Crescenzo, Marta Bottero, Mauro Berta and Valentina Ferretti
1 Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
2 Evaluating the Influence of Stakeholders on the Regeneration
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
3 Discussion of the Results and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Informal Planning: Towards Promoting Resilient Governance
in Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Theodora Papamichail and Ana Perić
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
2 Spatial Planning in Greece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
3 Resilient Governance Systems: Conceptual Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 526
4 The Test Planning Process in Patras: Methodological
and Practical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Part V Urban-Rural Innovation

Urban-Rural Bioenergy Planning as a Strategy for the Sustainable
Development of Inner Areas: A GIS-Based Method to Chance
the Forest Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539
Francesco Geri, Sandro Sacchelli, Iacopo Bernetti and Marco Ciolli
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
2 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542
xxii Contents
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
Provincial but Smart—Urban-Rural Relationships
in Brandenburg/Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Antje Matern, Carolin Schröder, J. Miller Stevens and Silke Weidner
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
2 Smart Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
3 The Challenges of the Peripheral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
4 New Approaches in Brandenburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
The Links Between Smart Specialisation Strategy, the Quintuple
Helix Model and Living Labs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
Vincenzo Provenzano, Massimo Arnone and Maria Rosaria Seminara
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
2 The Smart Specialisation Strategy: Aims and Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . 565
3 Evolution of Innovation Models and the S3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
4 The Living Lab: A Useful Innovation Driver and the Quintuple
Helix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
Territorial Cohesion: Evaluating the Urban-Rural Linkage
Through the Lens of Public Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
Francesco Calabrò and Giuseppina Cassalia
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574
2 From Urban-Rural Competition to Territorial Cohesion
Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
3 Evaluating the Urban-Rural Linkage Through the Allocation
of European Structural Funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
4 Pursuing Local-Scale Territorial Cohesion: Concluding
Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
The Integrated Evaluation as a Driving Tool for Cultural-Heritage
Enhancement Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Lucia Della Spina
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590
2 Integrated Evaluations and Decision-Making Processes:
A Methodological Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
3 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Contents xxiii
Smart Territorial Relationships: A Conceptual Framework

to Cope with the Rural-Urban Divide in Mountainous Regions . . . . . . . 601
Elisa Ravazzoli, Helena Götsch and Christian Hoffmann
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
2 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604
4 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
5 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
The Valorization of Economic Assets and Social Capacities of the
Historic Farmhouse System in Peri-Urban Allocation: A Sample of
Application of the Corporate Social Responsible (CSR) Approach . . . . . 615
Cristina Coscia and Valentina Russo
1 Introduction: General Goals and Opening Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
2 The Theoretical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
3 The Case Study: The Historical Farmhouses System in Volpiano
(Torino, Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
4 Method: A Purpose of New Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624
5 Preliminary Results: Learning Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627
6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
Enhancing the Endogenous Potential of Agricultural Landscapes:
Strategies and Projects for a Inland Rural Region of Sicily . . . . . . . . . . 635
Gerlandina Prestia and Valeria Scavone
1 The Importance of the Rural Environment: A Method for Studying
the Inner Areas of Mid-Southeastern Sicily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
2 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
3 NetWalk: From Prerequisites to a Proposal
for a “Territorial Project” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
4 New Paths and New Uses for Abandoned Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
Marginal Mountainous Areas: Starting Over from Smart
Communities—The Case Study of Seren del Grappa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649
Federica Maino, Andrea Omizzolo and Thomas Streifeneder
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
2 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
3 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
xxiv Contents
4 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
5 Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Part VI Rethinking Mobility

Rethinking the Taxi: Case Study of Hamburg on the Prospects
of Urban Fleets for Enhancing Sustainable Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
Susanne Schatzinger, Chyi Yng Rose Lim and Steffen Braun
1 Introduction: Case Study of the Taxi in Hamburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
2 Qualitative Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
3 Findings and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
A Review Methodology of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans:
Objectives and Actions to Promote Cycling and Pedestrian
Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Francis Cirianni, Cosimo Monterosso, Paola Panuccio
and Corrado Rindone
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
2 Literature Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
3 The Review Methodology: Survey and Benchmarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
4 A Case Study: European Benchmarking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
5 Final Considerations and Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
About the Editors
Adriano Bisello is an Urban and Environmental Planner, with more than ten years
of working experience and a strong interest in the field of smart-city projects and
low-carbon urban-regeneration strategies. He did his Ph.D. in Real Estate
Economics, investigating the co-benefits of smart-energy projects at the urban level.
From 2006 to 2012, he worked as a consultant and a freelancer for public
administrations and engineering companies in northern Italy, contributing to
strategic and operative planning document design and strategic development of
environmental assessment processes. Since 2013, he has been a member of the
Urban and Regional Energy Systems team at EURAC in Bolzano (Italy) as a senior
researcher, working in a multidisciplinary and international team. His current
activities range from local to European-funded projects in the field of smart cities,
international energy planning and sustainable energy policies and plans. He is a
passionate public speaker and co-author of research works published in interna-
tional books and journals. Since 2015, Adriano has managed the international
conferences on Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions (SSPCR),
where researchers and practitioners from all over the world meet to discuss how to
address the main contemporary challenges of urban, regional and energy planning.
Since 2015, he has been a member of SIEV (Italian Real Estate Appraisal and
Investment Decision Society) and, since 2016, of ISOCARP (International Society
of City and Regional Planners).
Daniele Vettorato is an Urban Planner, holding a Ph.D. in Environmental

Engineering, and works on Smart and Sustainable Energy Systems for cities and
regions. Since its foundation in 2012, he has been the coordinator of the Urban and
Regional Energy Systems research group at the Institute for Renewable Energy—
EURAC. He has been the Vice President of ISOCARP (International Society of
City and Regional Planners) since 2017 and a board member since 2015. He is one
of the promoters of the international conference on Smart and Sustainable Planning
for Cities and Regions—SSPCR. Daniele has been a project and financial manager
in many EU projects (FP7 smart-city project SINFONIA, H2020 smart-city project
xxv
xxvi About the Editors
STARDUST, Interreg Alpine Space RECHARGE.GREEN, Interreg South East

Europe LOCSEE, Interreg Alpine Space GRETA).
Pierre Laconte is a Doctor of Laws and also of Economics (Catholic University of

Louvain) and an honorary Ph.D. (Edinburgh Napier University). He is President
of the Foundation for the Urban Environment, which seeks to link urban planning,
transportation and the environment, and he is a past President of ISOCARP
(International Society of City and Regional Planners) and former Secretary General
of the International Association of Public Transport. Pierre was an evaluator for the
European Green Capital Award in 2012 and 2013 and a member of the Lee Kuan
Yew World City Award Council. He is one of the three planners responsible for the
Louvain new university town in Belgium, which received the Abercrombie Award
of the International Union of Architects. His publications include Sustainable
Cities—Assessing the Performance and Practice of Urban Environments (co-ed.,
C. Gossop, 2016); Brussels: Perspectives on a European Capital (co-ed., C. Hein),
which shared the Society for Human Ecology’s 2008 award for best publication;
Water Resources and Land-Use Planning: A Systems Approach” (co-ed.,
Y. Y. Haimes, 1982); and Human and Energy Factors in Urban Planning:
A Systems Approach (co-eds., J. Gibson and A. Rapoport, 1982).
Simona Costa is a Senior European Policy Expert with long experience in

Regional Policies, Energy, Sustainable Transport, Innovation and Financial
Engineering for public authorities. She has gained more than 23 years’ experience
in the multilevel European lobbying context in Brussels, working for EU institu-
tions (European Parliament and European Commission) and in industrial lobbying
(Leonardo Group). From 2000 to 2015, she was head of the office of the repre-
sentative of the Regione Liguria (Italy) in Brussels. At present, she represents the
city of Genoa in Brussels. She plays a facilitator’s role in involving local and
regional stakeholders in the low-carbon-economy process uptake and in the EU’s
project management. She is actively involved in the implementation of complex
projects in the energy and transport fields (i.e. TEN T programme, H2020 pro-
gramme and COSME). In the European Innovation Partnership for Smart Cities and
Communities, she is the chairman of the Integrated Planning Policy and Regulation
Action Cluster.
Part I
Smart Planning for Adaption
and Mitigation
Smart and Sustainable Cities: What Is
Smart?—What Is Sustainable?
Pierre Laconte
Abstract “Smart cities” are cities using information and modern communications
technology to connect activities hitherto unconnected. This became a buzzword
supported by a variety of interests including, among others, the producers of
knowledge-based consulting services making use of “big-data” collections. Four
examples of smart cities applications are presented. “Sustainable cities” are those
that meet the needs of their present citizens without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs, reconciling the environmental, social
and economic “pillars” of long- term durability. Sustainability applies at the levels
of individual buildings, neighborhoods, entire cities, their peripheries and their
regions. Benchmarking aims at systematically comparing sustainability in space
and time, at each of these geographic levels. Focus is put on assessment crite-
ria reflecting political orientations. Three pioneering examples are presented.

Keywords Smart Big data Energy Transnational Assessment

Global Local Sustainable
1 “Smart Cities”
1.1 “Smart Technology” for “Smart Cities”
“Smart city” services vary according to the actors involved and their aims, interests
and objectives, including:
• applications of big data, optimizing the use of urban technology and urban
networks,
• integrating planning and transportation,
P. Laconte (&)
Foundation for the Urban Environment, Abdijdreef 19, 3070 Kortenberg, Belgium
e-mail: pierre.laconte@ffue.org
URL: http://www.ffue.org
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 3

A. Bisello et al. (eds.), Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions,
Green Energy and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_1
4 P. Laconte
• saving natural resources and fossil energy,

• optimizing the use of energy distribution networks,
• optimizing consumer behavior in line with the objectives of the actors (“human
engineering”).
Suppliers of smart technology for cities include, inter alia, IBM, Siemens,
Microsoft, Cisco, Deutsche Telecom and Panasonic (Libbe 2016).
1.2 Four Examples of “Smart City” Applications
1.2.1 Using Mobile Phones for Banking
M-Pesa (M for mobile, Pesa for money, in Swahili) is a mobile phone-based money
transfer, financing and microfinancing service, launched in 2007 by Vodafone in
Kenya and Tanzania. It has since expanded to Afghanistan, South Africa, India and,
more recently, to Romania and Albania.
The service enables users to deposit money in an account stored on their own
cell phones, to send balances using PIN-secured SMS text messages to other users,
including sellers of goods and services, and to redeem deposits for regular currency.
The service has been lauded for giving millions of people access to the formal
financial system and for reducing urban crime in a largely cash-based society.
However, such services also allow the buyers of the big-data flows involved to
know about many aspects of the consumers’ behavior, e.g., transport operators
wanting to optimize bus-route networks or locate new bridges, as in Abidjan
(Blondel 2013).
Orwell’s “Big Brother” is not far away (Jaivin 2014), see Fig. 1.
1.2.2 Enhancing Education and Participation
“Medellin Ciudad Inteligente” emphasizes popular IT education, including a net-

work of large and small libraries, even in metro stations, in addition to an iconic
main library, see Fig. 2.
It is part of the successful metamorphosis of the Colombian “capital of crime”
into a “normal” city, with the help of the active participation of its citizens (Lee
Kuan Yew World City Prize 2016 Laureate).
1.2.3 Taking Advantage of Big-Data Exchange Platforms

Between Users
Multinational service providers to cities and citizens are involved in platforms,

ranging from health-data exchanges down to information on work opportunities and
Another random document with
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"Joyce!" he exclaimed. "Can it be you? This is indeed an
unexpected pleasure. Did Tyson know?"
Joyce's face was radiant, as she looked with frank gladness at

her old friend, who still retained her hand in his.
"Yes, it is I, Alec," she said; "and Captain Tyson planned this

surprise for you. When he was here lately, he talked of you
and of his intended visit to Fernsclough. Then, naturally, it
came out that his friend Major Caruth, and the friend of my
whole life, were one and the same person. He had a great
deal to say about you, and I—you may imagine how glad I
was to tell him that for years you had been my dear father's
pupil and my own true friend always."
Joyce looked bravely up as she spoke. Her manner was frank

and unrestrained, like that of a sister meeting a dear brother
after years of absence.
Perhaps Major Caruth would have liked to see more of self-

consciousness about the girl, and signs of still deeper feeling.
Outwardly, the strong man and brave soldier showed more

emotion than Joyce did, for he kept her hand in his, and his
voice trembled as he said—
"I little guessed what was before me when I left home to-day,
or how much I should owe to my friend Tyson before the close
of it."
"I dragged him off here at a moment's notice, Miss Mirlees,"

said Captain Tyson, pausing from a frantic race round the hall,
in which he was already indulging with his small nieces. "You
and my sister must explain to him one special object I had in
bringing him here."
Major Caruth heard the explanation in due time, but not at

that moment, for Mrs. Ross, on hospitable thoughts intent,
was offering tea; and afterwards the gentlemen went to their
rooms to dress for dinner.
Major Caruth remembered Mrs. Ross's allusion to Joyce as her

"friend and guest."
"The holidays have begun," he thought, "and the governess is

gone for awhile. The friend remains. How few women would
have drawn such a distinction as Mrs. Ross did by the use of
those words!"
Before bedtime, Major Caruth understood his friend's object in

bringing him to Springfield Park in such haste. Mrs. Ross
explained it on his behalf.
"My brother has told me of your kind wish that he should

spend Christmas at Fernsclough. Mrs. Caruth had previously
invited Joyce, who was pledged to remain here. Yet I hope
and believe we should all be happier if under one roof than we
could be if divided. My brother thinks that he and you might
persuade Mrs. Caruth to come to us; but if you think it
necessary, I will go to Fernsclough and unite my solicitations
to yours—that is always supposing you are willing to join our
Christmas gathering here."
Major Caruth looked for one instant inquiringly at Joyce. Her

answering glance was eloquent enough to satisfy him, and he
at once said to Mrs. Ross, "It will give me the greatest
possible pleasure, and I do not think you will need to travel to
Fernsclough to persuade my mother also to accept your kind
invitation."
So Major Caruth returned home on the following day, carrying

a pleasant surprise to his mother. He also conveyed a
considerable addition to his luggage in the shape of Joyce's
Christmas gifts for Welton friends.
One packet she retained.

"This is for Mrs. Caruth; I shall put it on the Christmas-tree
for her, instead of sending it now."
"And mine, Joyce. Where is it? I see nothing for me."
"People are not supposed to ask beforehand, or to be told

what they may expect when the tree is lighted," she
answered, with a laugh and a blush.
"I know what I expect, and I shall certainly ask for it," he
said; "but I will not be more selfish than others. I will wait till
Christmas Day for my present, Joyce. Good-bye for so long,
dear Joyce."
"We shall lose Miss Mirlees," said Mr. Ross, oracularly. "Katie,
Katie, who would have dreamed that you would develop a
taste for match-making."
This to his wife.
"Nor have I, dear. If a match should come about, such as you

suggest, it was virtually made before you and I ever heard the
names of Alec Caruth and Joyce Mirlees."
Of course, Mrs. Caruth accepted the invitation to Springfield

Park, and equally of course the gathering there was a most
delightful one.
If Alec Caruth did not find a present from his former child-
friend beneath the spreading boughs of the lighted Christmas-
tree, he was not wholly discontented. Whilst others were
admiring their gifts, he managed to whisper a demand for one
which was more precious in his eyes than all beside.
"You know what I want, dear Joyce," he pleaded. "Not a gift,

only a fair exchange. One true heart in return for another. You
have mine. You have had it for years, and you—" He looked
inquiringly.
"I am afraid I have none to give you in return," she
whispered.
A great fear filled his heart for a moment, but once more Alec
Caruth looked at Joyce's blushing face and read the true
answer to his petition.
"I believe you say this because, dear Joyce, it was mine
already. Tell me, darling, am I right?"
But Joyce did not speak. Nevertheless, Alec was content, and
a little later, he told his mother that Joyce had given him the
best of Christmas presents—her own sweet self.
So the little Rosses lost their former maid and present

governess, but kept always their friend in her who soon
became Joyce Caruth.
On the Christmas-tree at Springfield that year, Joyce found

the ring that Adelaide had offered her on her twenty-first
birthday. The girl sent it to be placed there, and Joyce gladly
accepted what she felt to be a token of true cousinly love, and
told her so.
In after days, when the once penniless niece was a happy

wife, Mrs. Walter Evans was heard to declare that Joyce had
improved wonderfully. But then, in her eyes, wealth and
position were the greatest of all claims to respect. Without
these all other excellences were as nothing. No need to tell
the names of the many who rejoiced to see the happiness of
her who, as Joyce Mirlees, had tried to make others happy, or
to say that none of these were forgotten by Joyce Caruth.
Beneath her roof, Captain Tyson met his fate, in the person of
Adelaide Evans, and there, too, Mr. Evans is a frequent guest.
"To think that you should choose one who for awhile was 'only
a servant,'" said Joyce to her husband, some time after their
marriage.
"Dearest," he answered, "that word servant always brings

pleasant thoughts to my mind. As a soldier, I was ever proud
to call myself the servant of Queen and country; but I rejoice
more when I think of Him who took upon Himself the form of
a servant, and came on earth, not to be ministered unto, but
to minister. Faithful service to an earthly master is right
honourable, but to be the faithful, humble servant of God is
far better than to be a king amongst men. May it be your lot
and mine, dear Joyce, thus to serve!"
And with Christmas bells bringing to mind thoughts of the first

Christmas morning, Joyce whispered "Amen."
THE END.
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Textbook Smart and Sustainable Planning For Cities and Regions Adriano Bisello Ebook All Chapter PDF

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Smart and Sustainable Planning for

Cities and Regions Adriano Bisello

Sustainable Urban Planning Vibrant Neighbourhoods Smart

Sustainable Landscape Planning in Selected Urban

Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence: Convergent

Green and Smart Technologies for Smart Cities 1st

A Future of Polycentric Cities: How Urban Life, Land

Planning for Ecosystem Services in Cities Davide

Smart Infrastructure and Applications: Foundations for

Smart Governance for Cities: Perspectives and

Adriano Bisello · Daniele Vettorato

Pierre Laconte Simona Costa

Smart and Sustainable

Daniele Vettorato Simona Costa

ISSN 1865-3529 ISSN 1865-3537 (electronic)

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018

Printed on acid-free paper

– Smart planning for adaptation and mitigation;

Collectively, the papers force those policymakers, academics and consultant

Edinburgh, UK Prof. Mark Deakin

– Lia Ghilardi, Founder and Director of NOEMA, a UK-based organization

This book comprises a selection of the best contributions presented at SSPCR

Bolzano, Italy Adriano Bisello

Project Manager & Scientiﬁc Committee Coordinator

Daniele Vettorato—EURAC Research

Part I Smart Planning for Adaption and Mitigation

Energy Consumption and Indoor Comfort in Historic

Integrated Planning Policies for the Ecological Territories

Part II Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs),

Social Acceptance of Energy Retroﬁt in Social Housing:

Placemaking, Livability and Public Spaces: Achieving Sustainability

Part III The “Next Economy” for the City

Evaluating Health Beneﬁts of Urban Energy Retroﬁtting:

4 The Circular Approach in Three European Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Part IV Strategies and Actions for Good Governance

Smart-City Development Paths: Insights from the First Two

Part V Urban-Rural Innovation

Smart Territorial Relationships: A Conceptual Framework

Part VI Rethinking Mobility

Daniele Vettorato is an Urban Planner, holding a Ph.D. in Environmental

STARDUST, Interreg Alpine Space RECHARGE.GREEN, Interreg South East

Pierre Laconte is a Doctor of Laws and also of Economics (Catholic University of

Simona Costa is a Senior European Policy Expert with long experience in

1.1 “Smart Technology” for “Smart Cities”

© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 3

• saving natural resources and fossil energy,

1.2 Four Examples of “Smart City” Applications

1.2.1 Using Mobile Phones for Banking

1.2.2 Enhancing Education and Participation

“Medellin Ciudad Inteligente” emphasizes popular IT education, including a net-

1.2.3 Taking Advantage of Big-Data Exchange Platforms

Multinational service providers to cities and citizens are involved in platforms,

Joyce's face was radiant, as she looked with frank gladness at

"Yes, it is I, Alec," she said; "and Captain Tyson planned this

Joyce looked bravely up as she spoke. Her manner was frank

Perhaps Major Caruth would have liked to see more of self-

Outwardly, the strong man and brave soldier showed more

"I dragged him off here at a moment's notice, Miss Mirlees,"