Method of Substitution

In the previous part, those integrands where not standard form, in those
cases, integrand reduced to some standard form by applying algebraic and
trigonometric formula and then integrated.

Integration by substitution is a highly used method of finding the

integration of a complex function by reducing it to a simpler function and
then finding its integration. Suppose we have to find the integration of f(x)
where the direct integration of f(x) is not possible. So, we substitute x =
g(z)

Algorithm of Method of Substitution

i. In the given integrand putting, 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑧), then 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑔′ (𝑧) 𝑑𝑧

ii. Evaluate the integrand concerning 𝑧 variable
iii. Re-substitute the value of z in x.
Integrate the following by using the method of substation:
−1 𝑥 tan 𝑥
𝑒 tan 2. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ln(cos 𝑥)
1+𝑥 2
ln{ln(𝑥)} sec 𝑥 cosec 𝑥
3. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 4. ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 ln(tan 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 (1+𝑥)
5. ∫ 6. ∫ 2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
√(1−𝑥 2 ){1−(sin−1 𝑥)2 } cos
𝑒 𝑥 −1
7. ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 8. ∫ √
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 +1 𝑎−𝑥

𝑎+𝑥 10. ∫(𝑎 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥 ) cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

9. ∫ √ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎−𝑥

1−𝑥 12. ∫(3𝑥 + 2)√2𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥

11. ∫ cos {2 cot −1 √( )} 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥
sin 2𝑥
13. ∫ 𝑑𝑥 14. ∫ tan3 𝑥 √sec 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 sin2 𝑥+𝑏 cos2 𝑥