COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT ON THE CHALLENGES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

(IN CASE OF BONGA TOWN IN KAYAKELA KEBELE)

THE RESEARCH SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
BACHELOR ART (BA) DEGREE IN MANAGEMENT.

BY:

1,ADDISU ZEREFA…………………………………0095/13

2,YESHI DAYU………………………………………1452/13

ADVISOR: MENGISTU MESE (MBA)

DECEMBER, 2016 GC

BONGA, ETHIOPIA

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ABSTRACT
The aim of this proposal paper is to identify the challenges of women entrepreneurs in Bonga
town .The target population of the study will be women entrepreneurs in Bonga town. The
researchers will be use descriptive type of research design to describe the challenges of women
entrepreneurs. Both primary and secondary source of data will be use to collect the relevant
data from the respondents The researchers will be use stratified and simple random sampling
techniques. Moreover, the researchers will be uses both quantitative and qualitative approach to
analyse the data obtain from questionnaires.

Key words: Women, entrepreneur, and challenges

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Table Of contents
ABSTRACT ······································································································································································ 2
CHAPTER ONE ································································································································································ 5
INTRODUCTION ························································································································································· 1
1.1 Background of the Study ········································································································································· 1
1.2. Statement of the problem ········································································································································ 2
1.3. Research Questions ················································································································································· 3
1.4. Objectives of the study ··········································································································································· 3
1.4.1. General Objective ················································································································································ 3
1.4.2. Specific Objectives ·············································································································································· 4
1.5. Significance of the study ········································································································································ 4
1.6 .Scope of the study··················································································································································· 4
1.7 Limitation of the study··········································································································································· 4
CHAPTER TWO ··························································································································································· 5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ····················································································································· 5
2.1 ENTREPRENEUTSHIP ·········································································································································· 5
2.2 Barriers of entrepreneurship ···································································································································· 6
2.3 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs ······························································································································ 6
2.4. Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic Development ································································································· 7
2.5. Types of Entrepreneurs ··········································································································································· 8
2.6. Women Entrepreneurs ············································································································································ 9
2.6.1. Function of Women Entrepreneurs ······················································································································ 9
2.6.2. Problems of women entrepreneurs ···················································································································· 10
2.6.3. Challenging Factor of Women Entrepreneurs ··································································································· 11
CHAPTER THREE ··················································································································································· 13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ································································································································ 13
3.1. Research design ···················································································································································· 13
3.2 Source of the data ·················································································································································· 13
3.3. Target population of the study: ····························································································································· 13
3.4 Sampling design and Sample Size ························································································································· 14
3.5 Data Collection of Instrument ······························································································································· 15
3.6 Data Analysis Techniques ····································································································································· 15
Reference ····································································································································································· 18
APPENDEX……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Stud

Women’s constitute about 50% of the world population. In traditional societies, they are
continued to house performing household activities and hence women is generally called as
“house wife” or “homemaker”. But today in a modern society, they have moved out of four walls
of the house and are taking part in all areas of life. Now a day women are seen in academic,
politics, administration, software development, managing business enterprises, banking sector,
hospital, etc. The involvement of women in these activities generates good income to support
them and their families (Abdu, 2023)
Women are the backbone of the society and they are the basis of one’s country’s development.
Women entrepreneurs can be defined as a group of women who initiate, organize and run a
business enterprise (Baral, 2023)

In Ethiopia, the role of women in economic development has been tremendous through largely
unaccounted in agricultural sector. Women entrepreneurs are not provided with adequate policy
related strategic support from the national government. And the promotion of micro, small and
medium enterprises shall be one of the most important priority strategies for empowering
women, addressing poverty and unemployment in Ethiopia, (Khan, 2023)

Although women entrepreneurs contribute significantly to the national economy in terms of job
creation, skill development and alleviation of poverty among women and men, it argued that
small business enterprises operated by women entrepreneurs contributed for economic growth,
diversification, productivity, innovation and economic development (Khan R. U.-a.-s., 2023)

Agnation’s ability to generate a steady stream of business opportunities can only come about
when is people take in to entrepreneurial activities. Good entrepreneurs can create a strong
economy. They are an important aspect industrial growth and development of a nation. Women

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entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as an important factor for economic growth and
development in the world Khan (Cardella, 2023)

Interest in entrepreneurship in general and women entrepreneurship in particular has been on the
increase throughout the world with recognition that women play an important role in
entrepreneurial activity. This has led to an increase in the interest of the development of women
entrepreneur among policy makers, academics and practitioners, particularly on less developed
countries. Thus, there has been recognition that the creation of women entrepreneurship can play
an invaluable role in promoting growth and development and, thus, alleviate poverty (Khan R.
U., 2020)

Women entrepreneurship needs to be studied for two main reasons. The first reason is that
women entrepreneurship has been recognizing during the last decade as an important untapped
resource of economic growth.

As an entrepreneur, women’s has to perform all the functions involved in establishing an

enterprise. These include idea generation and screening, determination of objectives, project
preparation, product analysis, and completion promotional formalities, raising funds, procuring
manpower and other resources and operation of business (Khan R. U., 2020)

1.2. Statement of the problem

Women’s contribution to the socioeconomic well-being of their families and communities
through their entrepreneurial activity has received little attention from policymakers and
researchers. This has resulted in under estimation and underutilization of their potential on
socioeconomic contribution (source) (Skinner, 2023)

Particularly, women’s engagement in developing countries in entrepreneurship and their

experience in self-employment, their contribution to the creation of new business and ability to
create new jobs, and the consequent reduction in unemployment and poverty are largely invisible
in the literature (Brady, 2023)

Women dominate the micro and small enterprises in Ethiopia and their participation in the
private sector is incomparable to other African countries .women entrepreneurs play unimportant
role in the economy. Their products and services contribute to the growth of domestic product.

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Women entrepreneurs also generate income and employment for many peoples. The extent and
form of women’s participation in the market is different from that of men entrepreneurs. The
reasons are strongly linked to the roles and position of women in Ethiopian society. Women
entrepreneurs in poor countries suffer from gender discrimination in society, under developed
enterprise culture; inadequate support system for business and under developed market and
infrastructure. Generally, women owned business are concentrated in the low growth segment,
face constraints such as poor access to finance, lack of business development service and
business network, limited exposure to business management experience and challenges of doing
business with household and family responsibility (Dewitt, 2023)

The initiating factors to conduct this research are to assess the challenges of women
entrepreneurs in Bonga town in kaya kela kebele. However, factors affect women entrepreneurs
are investigated many times in different part of Ethiopia, many researchers conducted this issue
but not one conducted with a specific objective of analyzing the problems of women
entrepreneurs in terms of personal and organizational related challenges in Bonga town in kaya
kela kebele, such as economic, social and cultural problems. This study was to identify the
challenge of women entrepreneurs in Bonga town in order to manage their own business
enterprise. Therefore, to address the above problem the following research question has
developed.

1.3. Research Questions

The study tries to answer the following questions:

1. What are the factors that hinder the productivity of women entrepreneurs?
2. What are the most serious problems that affect women entrepreneurs?

3. What are the incentives that encourage women participation in entrepreneurial activities?

1.4. Objectives of the study

1.4.1. General Objective
The general objective of the study is to identify the challenges of women entrepreneurs in Bonga
town in Kaya kela kebele.

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1.4.2. Specific Objectives
In light of the general objective of the study, the following specific objectives are the main
concern for this study.

 To identify the factors that hinders the productivity of women entrepreneur.

 To identify the most serious problem that affect women entrepreneurs in Bonga town in
kaya kela kebele.
 To identify incentives that encourages women participation in entrepreneurial in activity
in Bonga town in Kaya kela kebele

1.5. Significance of the study

This study will be serve as an important for policy making that involves enhancing women
participation in entrepreneurial activities; it helps to identify their challenges and find the
solution to minimize these problems, and also serves as reference material for other research who
wants to conduct further study on the same topic.

1.6 .Scope of the study

The study is geographically delimited to Bonga town; conceptually, it is limited to the
assessment of the challenge of women entrepreneurs and methodologically delimited to
descriptive type of research design.

1.7 Limitation of the study

The researchers will be face many challenges from that some of the following will be relate to,
involuntariness of respondents to give information what the researchers need, but the researchers
overcome the challenge by searching different option. the language barrier could have provided
difficulty for the authors during the interviews, as well as when analyzing the possibility
that the interviews could have been less complicated and more straightforward if the authors and
the entrepreneurs would have to speak their native language. However, important to highlight is
that this is a limitation that would have been difficult to overcome, but still significant to mention
as a possible limitation of this research.

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 CHAPTER TWO

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 ENTREPRENEUTSHIP
Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating incremental wealth. The wealth is created by
individuals who assume the major risk in terms of equity, time and career commitment to
provide value for some product or service. The product or service may or may not be new or
unique, but (Busch, 2023).
Entrepreneurship is the process of creating something new with value by devoting the necessary
time and effort; assuming the accompanying financial, psychological and social risk and
uncertainties, and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction
(Baquero, 2023).
This definition process stresses on four basic aspects of being an entrepreneur. First,
entrepreneurship involves creating process-creating something new of value. The creation has
value to the entrepreneur and value to the target group for which it is developed. This target
group can be:

 A market of organization buyers for business innovation,

 A hospitals, administration for a new admitting procedure and software,

 prospective students for a new course or even a collage of entrepreneurship,

 The constituency for a new service provided by anon profit agency and so on,

Second, entrepreneurship requires the decision of the necessary time and effort by entrepreneurs
and their associates. Only those going through the entrepreneurial process appreciate the
significant amount of time and effort it takes to create something new and make it operational.
As one new entrepreneur stated, “Though we may have worked as many hours in the office
while we will employee in industry, as an entrepreneur never stop thinking about the business".
The third part of the definition involves the rewards of being an entrepreneur. The most
important of these rewards is independence, followed by personal satisfaction, but monetary
reward also comes in to play. For some entrepreneurs, money becomes the indicators of the

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degree of success achieved. Assuming the necessary risk and uncertainties is the final aspect of
the entrepreneurship. Because action takes place over time, and the feature is unknowable, action
is inherently uncertain (Panigrahi, 2020).

(. External enablers in existing organizations: Emergence, 2023) Entrepreneurs must decide to

act even in the face of uncertainty. Therefore, entrepreneurs create change through their
entrepreneurial actions, where (Zayadin, 2023).

2.2 Barriers of entrepreneurship

The entrepreneurship could not be taken up due to several reasons:

The following are some the barriers of entrepreneurship(Naidu,2008) such as:lack of capital, lack
of technical knowledge, economic business cycle, no availability of material and resource,
government regulation, obsolescence of technology or idea, unable and unpredictable market and
risk.

2.3 Characteristics of Entrepreneurs

A common characteristic of the entrepreneurs emphasizes such characteristics as a high need for
achievement, willingness to take moderate risks, strong self-confidence and innovation.

 Need for achievement: psychologists recognize that people differ in their need for
achievement. Individuals with a low need for achievement are those who seem to be
connected with their present status. On the other hand, individuals with high need for
achievement competes with some standard of excellence prefer to be personally
responsible for their own assigned tasks. Entrepreneurs are self-starters who appear to
others to be internally driven by a strong desire to compete, to pursue, and to attain
challenging goals. High achievers tend to be moderate risk takers. They examine a
situation, determine how to increase the odd of winning, and then push ahead. As a result
(Omolawal, 2023).
 Team Building: the desire for independence autonomy does not prevent the
entrepreneur’s desire to build a. This shows that most of the respondents are engaged in
trade strong entrepreneurial team. Most successful entrepreneurs have highly qualified,
well-motivated teams that help to handle the ventures growth and development. In fact
although the entrepreneur may have the clearest vision of where the firm is should be

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 headed. The personal often more qualified to handle the day to day implementation
challenges.
 Willingness to take risks: the risks that entrepreneur takes in starting and operating
their own business are varied by investing their own money and assuming their financial
risk. If they secured jobs, they risk their carriers, the stress and time required in standing
and running, a business may also place their families at risk. Successful entrepreneurs are
not gamblers - they are risk takers. When they decide to participate in a venture, they do
so in every calculated carefully thought-out manner. They do everything possible to get
the odds in favor, and they often avoid taking unnecessary risks.
 Self-confidence: an individual who possess self-confidence feel he or she can meet the
challenges that conform them. They have a complete knowledge over the type of
problems that might encounter. They must be think it is possible to eliminate infeasible or
not achieve the goal, always believe that things are simple.
 Independence: the desire for independence is a driving force behind contemporary
entrepreneurs. A frustration with a rigid bureaucratic system, combined with a sincere
commitment to make a difference, adds up to an independence personality trying to
accomplish takes of his or her way. This is not to say that entrepreneurs must make all of
the decisions; however, they do want authority to make the important ones.

2.4. Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic Development

Role of entrepreneurs in economic development involves more than just increasing the output
and income; it involves in initiating and effecting the change in the structure of business or
society. This change gives way to growth and higher output that leads to higher profits.
Innovation plays very important role in economic growth both in developing new products or
service and stimulating idea of investment in new ventures .This new investment works on both
the demand and supply sides of growth. The new capital created expands the capacity for growth
on supply side and the resultant new spending brings new capacity and increased output on
demand (Dey, 2022).

In Spite of the importance of investment and innovation in the economic development of an area,
there is little awareness of the product evolution process. This is the process through which
innovation develops and commercializes through the entrepreneur's activity which in turn results

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in economic growth. Entrepreneurs bridge the gap between science and the market place,
creating new enterprises and bring new products and services into the market. Those activities of
an entrepreneur significantly affect the economy of an area by building economic base and
providing jobs. In some areas entrepreneurs creates new product and new employment. Thus
entrepreneur thrusts impact and plays vital role both in overall economic development and
creating employment to people (Mohd Noor, 2023).

2.5. Types of Entrepreneurs

The term "Entrepreneur" is defined in variety of ways. It varies from country to country, time to
time and level of economic development. The word "Entrepreneur" is derived from the French
verb "Entrepreneur" which means “to undertake". French economist Richard Canutillo used the
word entrepreneur to business. Since the word entrepreneur is used to one who takes the risk of
stating new organization or business or introducing new idea, product, or service to society.

According to (Thurik A. R., 2023) An entrepreneur in an advanced economy is an individual

who introduces something new in the economy a method of production not yet tested by
experience in the branch of manufacture concerned, a product with which consumers are not yet
familiar, a new source of raw materials or of new markets and the life ". Accordingly to him the
functions of an entrepreneurship are:-introduction of new product, introduction of new methods
of production, development of new market and finding fresh source of raw materials and making
changes.

Cotillion defined entrepreneur as" The agent who buys factors of production at certain prices in
order to combine them in to a product with a view to selling it an uncertain prices in the future".
To summarizes an entrepreneur is the person who bears risk, units various factors production, to
explore the perceived opportunities in order to evoke demand, create wealth and employment.
The entrepreneurs have been broadly classified according to the type of business, motivation, age
and gender, and stages of development and so on.

Entrepreneurs according to business:-business entrepreneurs, trading entrepreneurs, industrial

entrepreneurs, corporate entrepreneurs and agricultural entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs according to
motivation pure entrepreneur, induced entrepreneur, motivated entrepreneur and spontaneous
entrepreneur.

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Entrepreneurs according to stage of development first generation entrepreneur, modern
entrepreneur and classical entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs according to age and gender:young
entrepreneur, old entrepreneur, male entrepreneur and female entrepreneur/ Women
entrepreneur.

2.6. Women Entrepreneurs

Women entrepreneurs may be defined as" a women or group of women who initiate, organize
and run a business enterprise". Government of India has defined women entrepreneur as, an
enterprise owned and controlled by a women having minimum financial participation of 51% at
the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise to women ". This
definition is based on women participation in equity and employment of business enterprise. In
brief women entrepreneurs are those women who think of a business enterprise, initiate it,
organize and combine the factors of production, run the enterprise and under take the risk and
economic uncertainty involved in running the business (Khuan, 2023)

2.6.1. Function of Women Entrepreneurs

As an entrepreneur, a women had to perform all the functions involved in established an
enterprise. Some of them are listed below .

 Use of the resource: to start an enterprise, she needs the factor of production namely: land,
labor, capital and technology.

 Establish industrial enter reprise: Entrepreneurs main function is to establish and promote
the enterprise. She has to select the location of the enterprise and implement of the idea into
action.

 Manage the business: she has to manage the business. In order to manage the business, she
has to perform all function of management-planning, staffing coordinating, directing and
controlling. She has to organize workers, materials and other resources.

 Development of strategies: after starting the enterprise, a number of challenges, risks,

difficulties, problems tend to begin. To face them she has to develop strategies, play tactics
and will to overcome them.

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 To assume risk and uncertainty: she has bear risk and uncertainty that emerge in the
enterprise. She should have good decision making capacity to take right decision at the right
time to suit a situation.

 To develop business and business decision: she has to page attention to business decision.
She has to take important decision about business for its development. For the business
development, she has to increase volume of production, market share, wealth.

 Motivation: she would motivate employees to achieve the targets by putting their full effort.

 Supervision and leadership: she should supervise and lead the people towards the goals.

 Exploration of the prospects of starting a new business: women entrepreneurs have to

explore all the prospects of starting a new business. It involved in searching for a new ideas,
product, technology, marketing, etc. She should be innovation and creative.

2.6.2. Problems of women entrepreneurs

In general problem faced by any entrepreneur, women face other problems like gender problem.
Some of the problem faced by women entrepreneur is presented here.

 Financial problem: women entrepreneurs suffer from shortage of finance in two ways: The
first one is, women generally do not have property on their names to use ad collateral
security for getting loans from external service like banks and other financial institution. The
second one is, some banks may face women not so credit worthy and discourage women
borrowers. The general belief is that they may leave the business at any time. Under such
circumstances, women entrepreneurs have to depend on their own funds or funds from
relatives and close friends.

 Lack of education: as per census, about of women are still illiterate in Ethiopia. In the
absence of qualitative education, women are not exposed to business tactics, technology,
management skill and function, market knowledge, financial management etc. Which are
very essential for any enterprise?

 Limited mobility: in Ethiopia, mobility of women is limited compared to me, due to various
reasons. Women working in night shifts, staying alone a room or return late in the night are
still problems in Ethiopia.
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 Family ties: as per Ethiopian tradition, it is mainly the women who take care of children,
elders or family members in the family and kitchen. This problem is more with married
women. The total involvement of family leaves on time and energy to devote to business.
Support of family member especially husband is very essential for women to enter in to
business.

 Scarcity of raw materials: most of the enterprises managed by women suffer because of
scarcity of raw materials and necessary inputs.

 Stiff competition: due to limited facilities and funds, enterprises managed by women face
stiff competition with man managed enterprises -such a competition sometimes leads to loss
and closure of women entrepreneurs' enterprise.

 Low risk bearing capacity: women in Ethiopia are generally not well educated and
economically no self-dependent. This leads to them to low risk bearing capacity while
running an enterprise. They are not very strong minded to bear risk.

 Social problem: women in Ethiopia lead operated life. They face social problems to come
out and start an enterprise. They face problems in the society.

 Male domination: male domination still prevail sin Ethiopian social culture. Though
government says equal right for female and male, in practice, women are given secondary
treatment compared to men. The male dominated Ethiopian society; women are not treated
equal to men; women are treated as worker in many sections of life.

2.6.3. Challenging Factor of Women Entrepreneurs

According to (Toan T. T., 2023) women are not different from men in entrepreneurial activities
and their desire to economic independence and personal self- fulfillment that a business
ownership brings. There is a hidden problem intends to be more difficult to women than for men.
It suggested that women entrepreneurs face certain obstacle that are common on women
entrepreneurs in general challenges such as lack of sufficient capital for entrepreneurial
activities, lack of managerial and technical training, lack of technological advancement, and lack
of best experience. (Toan, 2023)

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According to (Toan T. T., 2023)in developing countries like our country Ethiopia, there are
many problems in relation to women entrepreneurs Many Ethiopian women entrepreneurs have
the Following challenges: cultural norm and attitude of society, bad perception of individuals
towards women and social prejudice towards women. Despite the fact that females are important
economic and social agent in the society; the society attitude hinders indirectly women
entrepreneur's activities in business sector and other. A society hold a low esteem for women
business and other entrepreneurial activity and they perceive she is attributed low value not only
by men but also by women. Women entrepreneur skill has an important bearing for the work
experience. They acquire the type of business engaged in vocational education and training. It is
a means of facilitating the entry of women into higher level and wider range of jobs. Financial
factors, women always found in very small entries and small loan which are viewed as UN
profitable by the bank and financing institution since high administrative cost are associated,
women have difficulty in acquiring the major and critical resource. Most frequently, women
entrepreneurs do not have an easy access to responsive to women owned business due to size and
nature of business organizations. (Korinek, 2023)

12
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Research design
The researchers will be use descriptive type of research design to describe the challenges of
women entrepreneurs, because this type of research design help the researchers to describe the
current or existing situations of a particular issue or problems of women entrepreneurs.

3.2 Source of the data

The researchers will be uses both primary and secondary data source to collect relevant data
about women entrepreneurs in Bonga town (kaya kela kebele). The primary data will obtained
using questionnaire and interview. Questionnaires are prepared based on questions regarding the
various aspects of the topic of the study. Questionnaires are used in such cases where the study is
very wide and direct observation not possible because of distance and time limitation.
Questionnaires also used to gather definite concert and better information concerning the
problems under the study. In interview the researcher needs people and discuss the problematic
issue with them and during the courses of discussion, gather fact information. Secondary data
will obtain through reading written documents, text and relate journals as well as internet service.
The study will be conduct on women entrepreneurs, in Bonga town engage in their own business
activity.

3.3. Target population of the study:

According to Bonga micro and small scale enterprise office there are 2011 women entrepreneurs
in Bonga town who works in their business. They are working in five key sectors, such as:

13
manufacturing, construction, service, urban agriculture and trade, and there are 46, 180, 980, 151
and 359 members in each sector respectively.

3.4 Sampling design and Sample Size

The researchers will be use stratified and simple random sampling technique. The reason for
using stratified sampling is that the population in which the sample is drawn by heterogeneous
.So it is important to classify in to homogeneous groups. And the reason for using simple random
sampling is simple to accomplish and provides the advantage of speed of data collection and
lower cost. The populations are divided in to five sectors and then we use simple random
sampling to give equal chance each stratum. From the population of 1716,95 women are select
randomly using the following formula:

n=N/1+N (e)2(Yamane,1967).

Where n=sample size

N=total population

e=sample error (10%)

n=1716/1+1716(0.1)2

n=95

The researcher uses the following formula to determine stratified sample sizes:

Ni=Ni*n/N(Baumann, 2006)

Where, Ni =sample of different strata

n=total sample size

N=total population strata

Ni=total population of single strata

I=order of stratum(1,2,3………)

14
The searchers use 8 samples from manufacturing, 10 from construction, 54 from service, 3 from
urban agriculture and 20 from trade.

Table 3.1 to determine stratified sample sizes entrepreneur

No. Strata No of entrepreneurs Proportion of allocation Sample from each strata

1 Manufacturing 151 151*95/1716 8

2 Construction 180 180*95/1716 10

3 Service 980 980*95/1716 54

4 Urban agriculture 46 46*95/1716 3

5 Trade 359 359*95/1716 20

Total 1716 95

3.5 Data Collection of Instrument

In collecting primary data questionnaire and interview will be used. The questionnaires have
both open ended and closed ended type, because open ended helps respondents to express their
idea unlimited way and close ended provide actualize question to the respondents.

The reason why the researchers used questionnaire is due to the fact that large sample can be
used and the respondents can have adequate time to thinks over question and also using depth of
information or data relevant to the subject matter or study. The questionnaire will be translate in
to Amharic for the convenience of data respondents.

3.6 Data Analysis Techniques

After the data will be collect and organize, it will present through table .Then the data will be
analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative analyses are trough frequency and
percentage.

15
COST AND TIME PLAN
Time Schedule
Table 1

No Activity Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June

1 Topic Selection X

2 Preparation of X X
proposal

3 Collection of useful x X
material

4 Data Collection X X

5 Data Analysis and x X

writing of final
research

6 Submission of X
research

7 Presentation of final X
research

16
 FINANCIAL BUDGET

Table 2

Item Quantity Per unit (Birr) Total Cost (Birr)

Equipment Paper 2 200.00 400.00

and
Pens 6 30.00 180.00
stationary
Pencil 1 10 10

Binder 1 20.00 20.00

Total Cost - - 610

Personal Transportation 5 trips 400 2000.00

cost
Internet 200 hrs. 3 600.00

Typist 2 200.00 400.00

Total cost - - 3000

Contingency - - 450.00

Overall total cost - - 4060

17
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20
 Appendex
BONGA UNIVERSITY
FACUALITY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT
QUESTIONNAIRES TO BE FILL BY RESPONDENTS

Dear respondents

 The researchers are under graduate students in Bonga University in department of

management. Currently we are conducting a study under the title of assessment on the
challenges of women entrepreneurs in case of Bonga town for the requirement of
bachelor of art in management. Thus the researchers politely asking you to spent your
precious time and effort to respond the following question. You response will be used
only for academic purpose and the researchers honesty process to you as well being
transfer to third party.

Thank you in advance for you cooperation.

NOTE:

 No need to writing your name

 Tick in the box your choice
 Write your answer on the space provided

Part one. The respondent’s background information

1. Marital status Single Married Divorced

2. Age. Below 20 years 21-30 years 31-40 years Above 40 years

3. What is your education level?

Illiterate Elementary school Certificate Diploma Degree

Above degree

21
4. What types of business activity are you engaged?

Manufacturing Trade Urban agriculture Construction Service

PART TWO. Questions related with the challenge of women entrepreneur

1. How do you evaluate the culture and the attitude of society towards your business?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

2. To what extent the demand and supply of a market affect your business?

Very high High Medium Low very low

3. How the financial problem challenges your business?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

4. To what extent you satisfied with the financial access given by microfinance and other
lending?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

5. To what extent the marketing problem such as promotion .advertisement affects your
business?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

6. What is your attitude towards the business activities?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

7. To what extent the governments support to overcome the problem?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

8. Is there government restriction in your business?

Yes No

9. If your answer is yes in question number 8 what type of restriction:

22
Imposing high tax Price controlling unexpected change in price

If there are others please specify------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------.

10. To what extent do you have relationship with your employee?

Very high High Medium Low Very low

11. Adequate infrastructure is available:

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Undecided

12. How do you evaluate the government policy in encouraging women entrepreneur?

Very good Good Medium Poor Very poor

13. Is the government provides training concerned with entrepreneurial activity?

Yes No

14. If your answer is yes in question number 13 to what extent does the provided training
changes your business.

Very high High Medium Low Very low

15. What is our improvement after engaging on the business?

In dependency To get temporarily consumption To support family

If other please specify -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

16. What benefit your enterprise will bring for the society in the future?

Reduce poverty Promote export marketing Reduce unemployment

Build local production

23
17. What are the most serious affecting problem your business?

Part there: Interview question

1. What are the challenging factors of your business?

2. What are the facilities given by the local government to your business?

24