THE AMERICAN

OCCUPATION
1898-1912

Mary Rose Neri

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 POST-SPANISH
COLONIZATION
 After the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 was signed by the Unites
States and Spain ceding the entire Philippines to the former at the price of
20 million US dollars, US started surrounding the archipelago and managed
to have control over the center of Manila, the Intramuros.
 Aguinaldo, together with traitors Felipe Buencamino and Pedro Paterno
believed the slogan of the US, “benevolent assimilation”. They reckoned
Americans were allies and they were there to protect the Philippines.
 “Para kayong birhen na naniniwala sa pag-ibig ng isang puta!”

 “Negosyo o Kalayaan? Bayan o sarili? Pumili ka!”

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 FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
 Gen. Antonio Luna, the Commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Army of
the First Philippine Republic, managed to lead the revolution against the
American forces until his assassination under the orders of President Emilio
Aguinaldo in 1899.
 With Gen. Luna gone. The revolutionary army suffered defeat after defeat
under the lead of Aguinaldo.
 The US imperialist aggressors practiced genocide of monstrous proportions.
Close to 200,000 Filipino combatants and noncombatants were slain.
 Aguinaldo relied on such capitulationists as Paterno and Buencamino as
they were deeply get attracted to the siren song of “peace,” “autonomy,”
and “benevolent assimilation” which the US imperialists sang as they
butchered the people.

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 FILIPINO-AMERICAN WAR
 Aguinaldo failed to lead the revolution effectively. They were forced to
retreat from town to town and mountains to mountains as American
soldiers went after them.
 In 1901, Aguinaldo himself was captured by the imperialists with the help
of Filipino mercenaries. In 1902, the Filipino-American war officially ended.

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 THE COLONIAL RULE OF US
IMPERIALISM
 The war expenditures of US imperialism in the conquest of the Philippines
were paid for by the Filipino themselves.
 US imperialism had been interested in the Philippines as a source of raw
materials, a market for its surplus capital. It wanted to convert the Pacific
Ocean into an “American Lake” and to increase its share of loot in the
despoliation of China and Asia in general.
 US imperialism improved the system of transportation and communications
as a means to tighten its political, economic, cultural, and military control
of the Philippines.

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 EFFECTS OF US
COLONIZATION ON THE
PHILIPPINES
 The Catholic Church shifted its loyalty from Spanish colonialism to US
imperialism. The homilies were bent to the slant of the US press.
 The US colonial regime established the University of the Philippines and the
University of Santo Tomas. US built up an educational system as a major
instrument of colonial control.

Pensionados
a Philippine student whose expenses are paid by the government while he
studies abroad

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 EFFECTS OF US
COLONIZATION ON THE
PHILIPPINES
 As soon as an area was conquered in the course of the Filipino-American
war, the imperialist aggressor troops posed as teachers in order to spread
the imperialist propaganda that they had come to bring “democracy” and
to prepare the Filipinos for “self-government”.
 Tydings-Mcduffie Law- is a United States federal law that established the
process for the Philippines, then an American colony, to become an
independent country after a ten-year transition period.
 After the war, Manuel Roxas was elected President in April 1946 for the
independent Second Republic of the Philippines. In a formal declaration,
the American flag was lowered in Luneta, Manila and raised the Filipino
National flag in tri-color of red, white, and blue looked up by proud Filipinos.
Finally, independence was granted to the Republic of the Philippines dated
July 4, 1946.
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 MARAMING SALAMAT!
LAGI’T LAGI PARA SA BAYAN!

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