Spreadsheet – is a number of cells that are ➢ Excel 2000 (1999)

organized in rows and columns and contain text, o Uses HTML, as a native file format,
numeric values, or formulas “self-repair” capability, enhanced
clipboard, pivot charts, and
EXCEL VERSIONS modeless user forms.

➢ Multiplan (1982) ➢ Excel 2002 (2001)

o Microsoft’s earlier version of the o First Excel to be part of the Office
spreadsheet program. XP.
o Introduced the feature that allows
➢ Version 1 (1995) users to recover your work if Excel
o Exclusively for mac only. crash.
o Also features a handy little thing
➢ Excel 2 (1987) called activation technology (aka
o First Microsoft version for Copy Protection)
Windows.
o Included run-time version of ➢ Microsoft Office Excel 2003 (2003)
windows and was actually a port o Included improved support of
of the Mac “Excel 2”. XML, new “list range”, smart tag
enhancements, and corrected
➢ Excel 3 (1990) statistical functions.
o Toolbars, drawing capabilities, o 65,536 rows by 256 columns
outlining, add-in supports, 3D o Mainly standard colors
charts, and many more features (customizable pallete)
were added. o Uses dropdown to show the
toolbars
➢ Excel 4 (1992) o File Extension: .xls
o Marked the first “popular” version.
o Autofill was first introduced in this ➢ Excel 2007 (2007)
version. o Introduction to the Ribbon
interface.
➢ Excel 5 (1993) o Clippy was removed.
o Included workbooks, with multi- o 1,048,576 rows by 16,384
worksheets and support for VBA columns
and Macros. o Has standard and theme colors
o These new features meant that (customizable pallete)
Excel became more vulnerable to o Uses ribbon to display the main
macro virus attacks. tabs.
o File format was changed from .xls
➢ Excel 95 (1995) to .xlsx and .xlsm.
o Marked the first major 32-bit
version of Excel. ➢ Microsoft Office Excel 2010 (2010)
o Features is very similar to Excel 5. o Included sparkline graphics, pivot
table slicers, updated solver, and
➢ Excel 97 (1997) a 64-bit version.
o Featured a new interface for VBA
developers. ➢ Microsoft Office 2013 (2013)
o This also involves Clippy, the o Histograms (to visualize frequency
Office Assistant. in data), Pareto Charts (showing
 data trends), and PowerPivot
(allows for the import of higher
levels of data) are added.
➢ Microsoft Office 2016 (2016)
o Histograms (to visualize frequency
in data), Pareto Charts (showing
data trends), and PowerPivot
(allows for the import of higher
levels of data) are added.
➢ Microsoft Office Excel 2019 (2019)
o Latest Excel version of this time.
o New charts are added
o Can include 3D visuals in the
workbooks.
INTERFACE:
➢ Workbook - the basic document for
Excel. The default workbook name is
Book1.xlsx. Contained by one or more
worksheets.
➢ Worksheet – a single sheet of data. The
default workbook contains 3 worksheets
named Sheet 1, Sheet 2, and Sheet 3.
Can have up to 1,048,576 rows and
16,384 columns, with up to 32,767
characters in a single cell.
➢ Columns – name with letters. XFD
(name of the last column possible)
➢ Rows – named with numbers from 1 to
1,048,576
➢ Cell – intersection of a row and a column
➢ Active Cell – this is the cell that receives
keystrokes and commands. Considered
active when selected and has a dark
colored border around it.
➢ Gridlines – grey lines that form a cell
➢ Active Worksheet – worksheet that
receives keystrokes and commands.
➢ Ribbon – started in Excel 2007. This
refers to the area with icons below the
title bar.
➢ Workspace – area below the ribbon that
holds documents.
➢ Cancel – clears any changes
➢ Enter – accepts changes and exits edit
mode
➢ Insert Formula – opens a dialog where
you can choose one of Excel’s pre-
defined formulas.
➢ Name Box – used to display cell
references and displays names for a cell
or range of cells.
➢ Range – rectangular set of cells
➢ Formula Bar – shows the content of a
selected cell, whether it is a number, text
or formula
➢ Formula – looks rather like an algebraic
equation.
RIBBONS AND TABS Saving an Excel File
➢ Home Tab – Where you can see basic - File tab > Save or Ctrl + S
formatting features.
o Contains: Clipboard, Font, Opening an Excel File
Alignment, Number, Styles, Cells, - File tab > Open >Select a File (for an
and Editing. existing File)
- Alt + F + O
➢ Insert Tab – contains items that you can
insert into the file. Shortcut Keys – are combination of function
o Contains: Tables, Illustrations, keys, letters, and arrows. Some are purely for
Charts, Sparklines, Filter, Links, navigation while others are for executing
Text, and Symbols command.

➢ Page Layout Tab – contains buttons Shortcut Effect

that are mostly for arranging print Ctrl + Moves to the first cell on the sheet
properties. Home (A1)
o Contains: Themes, Page Setup, Moves to the last cell on a
Scale to Fit, Sheet Options, worksheet, to the lowest used
Ctrl + End
Arrange. row of the rightmost used
column.
➢ Formulas Tab – allows you to browse Ctrl + Left Moves to the first cell (column A)
through all major formulas/functions Arrow of the active row.
available. Ctrl +
o Contains: Function Library, Moves to the last cell (column
Right
Defined Names, Formula Auditing, XFD) of the active row.
Arrow
and Calculation Ctrl + Up Moves to the top cell (row 1) of
Arrow the active column.
➢ Data Tab – allows you to work with Ctrl +
databases and to organize large amounts Moves to the bottom cell (row
Down
of raw data. 1,048,576) of the active column.
Arrow
o Contains: Get External data, Ctrl + A Selects the entire worksheet.
Connections, Sort & Filter, Data Left Arrow Moves one cell to the left.
Tools, and Outline Right
Moves one cell to the right.
Arrow
➢ Review Tab – deals with content review Up Arrow Moves one cell up.
and data protection. Down
o Contains: Proofing, Language, Moves one cell down.
Arrow
Comments, and Changes Moves one screen up in a
Page Up
worksheet.
➢ View Tab – focused on how the
Page Moves one screen down in a
worksheet window looks like (the
Down worksheet.
interface).
o Contains: Workbook views, Show,
MODIFYING CELLS
Zoom, Window, Macros.
➢ Data Input – involves inputting text,
NAVIGATING THE WORKSHEET
numbers, or formula into a cell. This can
be done in two ways:
Creating an Excel File
o By typing in the formula bar
- File tab > New> Blank Workbook.
o By typing in the active cell
➢ Autofill – method of copying repetitive
data into several rows and columns.
o Either drag the black square or
double click to autofill.
▪ Double clicking method
works only with vertical
filling.
▪ Stops as soon as the cell on
its left is blank.
➢ Cut/Copy/Paste – used for moving and
replicating text or objects.
o Cut = Ctrl + X
o Copy = Ctrl + C
o Paste = Ctrl +V
➢ Paste Option – there are three ways to
access this function:
o Under the Clipboard group in
home tab.
o Alt + E + S + V
o Right Click
➢ Formulas – equations that can perform
calculations, return information,
manipulate the contents of other cells,
test conditions, and more. It always
starts with an equal sign.
o Nesting occurs when there are
several levels of formula
organized by a parenthesis.
o Up to 64 IF functions nested in
one formula.
➢ Constants – refers to the numbers or
characters included in the formula.
➢ Operators – refers to the mathematical
symbols involved in the formula.
➢ Function – preset formula in Excel.
Always starts with an equal sign followed
by the function’s name and arguments.
➢ Cell References – involves referring to
another cell to “call” for the contents of
that cell. There are two kinds of cell
reference:
o Relative – widely used type of cell
reference.
o Absolute – used when you don’t
want to change the cell reference.
Cell
Effect
Reference
Keeps the column reference
$A1 unchanged but not the row
reference
Keeps the row reference
A$1 unchanged but not the column
reference
Keeps both the column and row
$A$1
references unchanged
* Shortcut for the dollar sign is F4
Creating Formulas
➢ Using Operators and Constants
➢ Using Cell References
➢ Using Functions
o Typing directly on to the cell
o Using the “Insert Function”
Conditional formatting – applies one or more
rules to any cells you want. You can highlight
interesting or unusual cell values, and visualize
the data using formatting such as colors, icons,
and data bars.
Creating conditional formatting rule:
1.) Select the cells which will be subjected to
conditional formatting rule.
2.) In the Home tab, click the conditional
formatting command. A drop down will
appear.
3.) Select the highlight cells rules or
top/bottom rules.
4.) Select the desired cells
5.) From the dialog box, enter a value in the
space provided, if applicable.
6.) Select the formatting style from the drop-
down menu
7.) The formatting will be applied to the
selected cells.
Data Bars – are horizontal bars added to each Comma – separate individual values, cell
cell, much like a bar graph. references, and cell range sin parenthesis.

Color Scales – change the color of each cell Ways to Add a Formula
based on its value. Each color uses a two- or 1.) Using Manual basis (typing the equal
three-color gradient sign)
2.) Using AutoSum in the Home Tab
Icon Sets – icons add a specific icon to each 3.) Using Function Library
cell based on its value.
Function Description
Removing Conditional Formatting Rules: SUM Add all numbers in a range of cells
1.) Select the cells that have conditional Multiplies all the numbers given
formatting. PRODUCT
as arguments
2.) In the home tab, click the conditional Returns the average of its
formatting command. A drop down will arguments, which can be
appear. AVERAGE numbers or names, arrays or
3.) Select the clear rules references that contains the
4.) A menu will appear. You can choose to numbers
clear rules from the selected cells, entire Rounds a number to a specified
sheet, or to this pivot table. ROUND
number of digits
Returns the smallest value in a set
* You can edit or delete individual rules by MIN of values. Ignores
clicking the conditional formatting command logical values and text.
and selecting manage rules. Returns the largest value in a set
MAX of values. Ignores
Basic Parts of a Function logical values and text.
Counts the number of cells in a
COUNT range that contain
numbers
Adds the cells specified by a given
SUMIF
criteria or condition
Checks whether a condition is
IF met, return one value if
TRUE, or another value if FALSE
1.) SUM – example of an excel function This stands for the vertical lookup
2.) C5,D5 – cell references that is responsible for looking for
3.) + and ^ - operators a particular value in the leftmost
4.) 240 and 3 – constants VLOOKUP
column of a table. It then returns
a value in the same row from a
Syntax – each function has a specific order. column you specify.
Arguments – contain the information you want used to count the total number of
the formula to calculate, such as a range of cell COUNTIF cells within a range that meet the
references. given condition.
* Arguments must be enclosed in a
parenthesis.

Colons – creates a reference to range of cells