At the end of the then lesson, the learners are expected to:

a. illustrate a probability distribution of a discrete random variable;

I. OBJECTIVES
b. construct the probability distribution of a given random variable; and
c. find the probability distribution of a discrete random variable.

The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of probability as applied in real-life situations.
A. Content Standards This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities.

B. Performance Standards The learner is able to construct different probability distributions based on the given problem.
C. Most Essential Learning
The learner…
Competencies (MELC)
*illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its properties.
(If available, write the
*computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.
indicated MELC)
D. Enabling Competencies
(If Available, write the
attached enabling
Competencies)

II. CONTENT PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLES

III. LEARNING RESOURCES

A. References
a. Teacher’s Guide Pages
N/A

b. Learner’s Material Pages Statistics and Probability for Senior High School / pp. 10 - 16

c. Textbook Pages
d. Additional Materials from Statistics and Probability (Math for Engaged Learning) pp. 35 - 46
Learning Resources
B. List of Learning Resources for
Idea from http://www.youtube.com/@TeacherReinsTutorials
Development and Engagement
Activities
IV. PROCEDURES
A. Introduction Motivation/Recall of the Previous Lesson

The teacher will prepare questions regarding the topic that has been discussed the previous day. Through the use of a
“Spinning Wheel Name Picker”, the teacher will randomly select a student who will answer a certain question. The selected
students will write their answer on the blackboard.

Possible Questions:
a. What are the sample space when tossing a single coin?
Expected Answer: [H,T]

b. Give the sample space or possible outcomes when tossing a 2 peso- coin or when a fair of coin is tossed twice.
Expected Answer: [H,T],[T,H],[H,H],[T,T]

c. What are the possible outcomes when a die is rolled?

Expected Answer: [1,2,3,4,5,6]

d. How about the outcome when a pair of dice is rolled?

Expected Answer:
B. Development
ACTIVITY

A pair of dice is rolled. Let X denotes the sum of the number of dots on the top faces.
a. Construct the probability distribution of X.
b. Find P (X ≥ 10).
c. Find the probability that X takes an even value.

SOLUTIONS:
A. Construct first the probability distribution of X.

[1,1] [1,2] [1,3] [1,4] [1,5] [1,6]

[2,1] [2,2] [2,3] [2,4] [2,5] [2,6]
[3,1] [3,2] [3,3] [3,4] [3,5] [3,6]
[4,1] [4,2] [4,3] [4,4] [4,5] [4,6]
[5,1] [5,2] [5,3] [5,4] [5,5] [5,6]
[6,1] [6,2] [6,3] [6,4] [6,5] [6,6]

2nd Die
OUTCOMES 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1st 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Die 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
B. Find P (X ≥ 10).

Since the given is all about the SUM of the dots on the top faces, the possible values for X are the numbers 2 to
1 2
12. X = 2 is the event [1,1], so P(2) = . X = 3 is the event [1,2], [2,1], so P(3) = . Continuing this way, we
36 36
obtain the table:

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
The event X ≥ 10 is the union of the mutually exclusive events X = 10, X = 11, X = 12.

P (X ≥ 10) = P(10) + P(11) + P(12)

3 2 1
P (X ≥ 10) = + +
36 36 36

6 1
P (X ≥ 10) = or or 0.16666…
36 6

C. Find the probability that X takes an even value.

Before we compute for the probability that X takes an even value, identify first if what are the even numbers on the
given set of probability distribution.
 Based from the value of x with the numbers 2 to 12, the even numbers are 2,4,6,8,10 and 12. Therefore,

P (X is even) = P(2) + P(4) + P(6) + P(8) + P(10) + P(12)

1 3 5 5 3 1
P (X is even) = + + + + +
36 36 36 36 36 36
18 1
P (X is even) = or or 0.5
36 2

ANALYSIS

QUESTIONS:

1. Define a probability distribution of a discrete random variable.

 Expected Answer: A probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is a list of each possible value of X and the
corresponding probabilities of the values.

2. Can you enumerate the two (2) requirements of a probability distribution?

 Expected Answer: The requirements of a probability distribution are:

a. “each probability P(x) must be between or equal to 0 and 1: (0≤ P(x)≤1 ¿;

b. the sum of all the probabilities is 1.
C. Engagement APPLICATION
Answer the given questions below.

A pair of dice is rolled. Let Z denotes the difference of the number of dots on the top faces.

a. Construct the probability distribution of Z.

b. Find P(Z ≥ 2).
c. Find P(Z≤ 2).
d. Find the probability that Z takes an odd value.

SOLUTIONS:
Probability distribution of Z
OUTCOMES 2nd Die
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 0 1 2 3 4 5
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1st 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
Die 5 4 3 2 1 0 1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
P(Z ≥ 2)
x 2 3 4 5
P(x) 8 6 4 2
36 36 36 36
P (Z ≥ 2) = P(2) + P(3) + P(4) + P(5)
 8 6 4 2
P (Z ≥ 2) = + + +
36 36 36 36
20
P (Z ≥ 2) =
36
5
P (Z ≥ 2) = or 0.55…
9

 P(Z≤ 2)
x 2 1 0
P(x) 8 10 6
36 36 36

P (Z ≤ 2) = P(2) + P(1) + P(0)

8 10 6
P (Z ≤ 2) = + +
36 36 36
24
P (Z ≤ 2) =
36
2
P (Z ≤ 2) = or 0.66…
3
 The probability that Z takes an odd value.

x 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(x) 6 10 8 6 4 2
36 36 36 36 36 36

*Odd numbers includes 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, … Therefore, in the above probability distribution of Z, the values of odd numbers
10 6 2
are P(1) = ; P(3) = ; and P(5) = . Thus,
36 36 36

P (Z is odd) = P(1) + P(3) + P(5)

10 6 2
P (Z is odd) = + +
36 36 36

18
P (Z is odd) = = 0.5
36
D. Assimilation ABSTRACTION

KEY CONCEPTS

The previous activities summarizes the definition of the following terms:

Probability Distribution of a Discrete Random Variable

 a list of each possible value of X and the corresponding probabilities of the values.

The requirements of a probability distribution are

(a) “each probability P(x) must be between or equal to 0 and 1;
(b) the sum of all the probabilities is 1.

Exploratory Note:

The teacher can give another set of given (e.g. tossing a coin) to construct a probability distribution.

Evaluation
 *A discrete random variable X has the following probability distribution:

x 77 78 79 80 81
P(x) 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.10

Tabulate each of the following:

a. P(80)
b. P(x >80)
c. P(x≤80)

V. REFLECTION The learners, in their notebook, journal or portfolio will write their personal insights about the lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that _____________.
I realize that __________________.