‫ مازن سفير زايد الجعيد‬:‫اﻻسم‬

٤٤١٠٤٤٨٩ :‫الرقم اﻷكاديمي‬

١٢٥١ :‫الشعبة‬
1. Schematically show the following:
a. Vertical Distribution of Groundwater

b. Groundwater System
c. Soil types according their grading and porosity
d. Aquifer types
 2. Show a flow chart of the hydrological cycle with highlighting the
groundwater processes.
Atmospheric Water Precipita on Evapora on

Intercep on 𝛴
Transpira on
Groundwater
processes
Surface
Water

Overland flow Surface runoff Runoff streams

and oceans

Infiltra on
Water
Subsurface

Subsurface flow

Groundwater 𝛴
Groundwater
recharge flow

3. Draw charts showing the following:

a) Infiltration Proces

b) Relation among soil moisture, soil metric potential, and hydraulic

conductivity
c) Variation of infiltration with time

d) Infiltration index with precipitation

5. Drive a mathematical formula for the following:
a) The relation between Voids ratio and porosity (drive two equations)
1. First equation (Voids ratio):
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 /𝑉 𝜂
𝑒= = = =
𝑉 𝑉 − 𝑉 (𝑉 − 𝑉 )/𝑉 1−𝜂
2. Second equation (porosity):
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 /𝑉 𝑒
𝜂= = = =
𝑉 𝑉 + 𝑉 (𝑉 + 𝑉 )/𝑉 𝑒 + 1
b) Horton method

c) Governing equation for confined and unconfined aquifers

6. What are the essential differences between unconfined and

confined groundwater flow?

7. The void ratio of an un-consolidated clay sample is 1.19.

Determine the porosity of the sample.
𝑒 1.19
𝜂= ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 54.34%
𝑒+1 1.19 + 1

8. The Porosity of a quartz sand sample is 38.41%. Determinate the

bulk density of the sample (Sand density=2.65 g/cm3).
𝜌 = 2.65 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 , 𝜂 = 38.41%, 𝜌 =? ?
𝜂 =1−
𝜌𝑑
38.41% = 1 − 𝜌 = 1.63 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
.
 𝑚 +𝑚
𝜌 = = 2.25 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝑉
𝑚
𝜌 = = 1.95 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝑉
Let V = 1, So:
𝑚 = 1.95 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 , 𝑚 + 𝑚 = 2.25 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 ,
𝑚 = 0.3 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝑚 = 𝑉𝑤 ∗ 𝜌
0.3 = 𝑉𝑤 ∗ 1
𝑉 = 𝑉 = 0.3
𝑉𝑣 0.3
𝜂= = = 0.3
𝑉𝑡 1

𝑊 = 447.32 gm, 𝑊 = 484.68 gm, 𝜌 = 2.65 𝑔/𝑐𝑚 ,

𝑉 = 𝜋 ∗ 3 ∗ 10.61 = 300 𝑐𝑚
447.32
𝜌 = = = 1.491 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
𝑊 447.32
𝑉 = = = 168.8 𝑐𝑚
𝜌𝑠 2.65
𝑉 = 300 − 168.8 = 131.2 𝑐𝑚
484.68 − 447.32
𝑉 = = 37.36 𝑐𝑚
1
𝑉 131.2
𝑒= = = 0.777
𝑉 168.8
37.36
𝜃= = = 0.1245 𝑔/𝑐𝑚
 𝑒 0.777
𝜂= ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 43.73%
𝑒+1 0.777 + 1
.
S = ∗ 100 = ∗ 100 = 28.47%
0.4373

a)
T 𝛥t 𝛥t Water level F f f f acc.
min min acc. (mm)) mm mm/min mm/hr mm/hr
min Befor After
fill fill
5 100
7 2 2 92 100 8 4 240 240
10 3 5 93 100 7 2.3333 140 380
15 5 10 89 100 11 2.2 132 512
25 10 20 84 100 16 1.6 96 608
35 10 30 89 100 11 1.1 66 674
45 10 40 95 100 5 0.5 30 704
65 20 60 92 100 8 0.4 24 728
85 20 80 91 100 9 0.45 27 755
b) Plot a chart showing variation of infiltration with time.

c) Plot a chart showing the accumulative infiltration with time

intervals.

12. Suppose that the parameters for Horton’s equation are

f0=3.5mm/hr, fc=0.6 mm/hr and k=4.1 hr'1. Determine the
infiltration rates after 0, 10 min, 20 min, 1 hr, 1.5 hr and 2 hr and
the cumulative infiltration after 2 hours. Assume continuously
ponded conditions.

f0=3.5mm/hr
fc=0.6 mm/hr
k=4.1
 T 𝛥t 𝑓 =𝑓 + (𝑓 − 𝑓 )𝑒 𝑓 acc.
hr hr mm/hr mm/hr
0
0.1667 0.1667 2.0643 2.0643
0.3333 0.1667 1.3393 3.4036
1 0.6667 0.6480 4.0516
1.5 0.5 0.6062 4.6578
2 0.5 0.6008 5.2586

Time (hr) 3 6 9 12 15 18 24
Rine 16.7 48 20 12.8 9.1 5.5 1.2
(mm)
Index 5.5667 8 2.2222 1.0667 0.6066 0.3055 0.05
(hr/mm)

R = 95.4823