Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 - Hydraulics 8

FUNDAMENTALS OF FLUID FLOW

(Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem) 2
P
Q  AV
1

volume flow rate weight flow rate Q

mass flow rate
 m3 N kg 
Q = discharge   HA = head added by the pump (m)
 s s s 
 1
A = cross-sectional area of flow (m2) TURBINE
V = velocity of flow (m/s)

THREE FORMS OF HEAD OR ENERGY Q T

2 2
v
= velocity head HE = head extracted by the turbine (m)
2g in N.m per N
of fluid flowing,
P or in m of fluid Power:
= pressure head
 flowing
Z = elevation head PQ  E

E = total head or energy (m) P = power in watts (W)

v2 p Q = (m3/s)
E  z
2g  γ = N/m3
E=m
v2
2g Values of E:
In pumps, E is HA.
p In turbines, E is HE.

v Ex. For energy available at the tip of the nozzle below,
E

Z V

datum Z
datum

Q 1
hp = 746 W k = 1000
QE QE
hp  kW 
2 746 1000
Theoretically (no Head Loss),

E1  E2 (B.E.) Output
Efficiency: Eff  100
Input
v12 P1 v2 P
  Z1  HA  2  2  Z2 In pumps, the first power solved is an output. In turbines,
2g  2g 
the first power solved is an input.
Actually (with Head Loss),
1. A 250 – mm Ø pipe 2750 m long supplies water at a
velocity of 2.4 m/s.
v1 P1
2
P v 22 a. What is the discharge in gpm?
  Z1  HA   2  Z 2  HL
2g  2g  b. What is the discharge in mgd?
c. What is the weight flux?
Q 1  Q 2  Q 3  continuous flow d. What is the mass flux?
e. Calculate the slope of the energy grade line if the
head loss 20 times the velocity head.
HL
S = slope of the energy grade line S  f. Estimate the population that can be served assuming
L a per capita consumption of 150 liters per day.

v12 P1 v2 P 2. The head loss from section 1 to section 2 in the pipe system
HA    Z1  HA  2  2  Z2  HL  HE shown is 2.1 m and the head loss from section 2 to 3 is 4.9
2g  2g 
m. If the velocity of flow at 1 is 1.8 m/s and the pressure
is 180 kPa.
PUMP
Manila FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
 Review Innovations
a. Find the discharge.
b. Find the velocity at point 3.
c. Find the pressure at point 3.
3. A 50-mm-diameter siphon is drawing oil (s.g. = 0.82) from
an oil reservoir, as shown. The head loss from point 1 to
point 2 is 1.50 m and from point 2 to point 3 is 2.40 m.
a. Calculate the exit velocity.
b. What is the discharge?
c. Calculate the pressure at point 2.
4. Pump BC shown brings oil, sg = 0.72 to reservoir D at 170
liters per second. The energy lost from A to B is 1.1 J/N
and from C to D is 4.7 J/N.
a. How many hp does the pump supply?
b. If the pump is 80% efficient, how much power is
needed?
c. What is the elevation of the energy grade line just
after the pump?
5. Water flows through the turbine shown at a rate of 0.386
m3/s. The pressures at A and B are 161.2 kPa and – 19.6
kPa, respectively. How many kW are delivered by the
water to the turbine?
Manila FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194
CE Review for Nov 2022 - Hydraulics 8
6. Assume the conduit shown has diameters of 300 mm and
450 mm at sections 1 and 2, respectively. If water is flowing
in the conduit at a velocity of 5 m/s at section 2, find the ff:
a. Velocity at section 1.
b. Flow rate at section 1.
c. Flow rate at section 2.
d. Weight flow rate.
e. Mass flow rate.
7. The pump shown delivers 115 li/s of oil, sg = 0.84, to
reservoir D at elevation 72 m. The energy lost in the
suction line is 3.2 J/N and in the discharge line is 7.6 J/N.
a. Compute the total head added by the pump.
b. How many kW does the pump supply the system?
c. If the pump is 85% efficient, how much power does
it need?
8. The 600-mm Ø pipe shown conducts water from reservoir
A to a pressure turbine which discharges through another
600-mm Ø pipe into the tail-race at B. The loss of head
from A to 1 is 5 times the velocity head in the pipe and
the loss of head from 2 to B is 0.2 times the velocity head
in the pipe. If the discharge is 700 li/s.
a. Compute the hp given up by the water to the turbine.
b. Compute the pressure head at 1.
c. Compute the pressure head at 2.
9. A 150-mm-diameter jet of water is discharging from a
nozzle into the air at a velocity of 36.0 m/s. Find the
power in the jet with respect to a datum at the jet.
10. A pipe carrying oil with specific gravity 0.877 changes in
size from 150 mm at section R to 450 mm at section I.
Section R is 3.6 m lower than I, and the pressures are 90
kPa and 60 kPa, respectively. If the discharge is 150
liters/sec, determine the lost head and the direction of
flow.
6) 11.25 m/s 7) 61.8 m 8) 537.4 hp
0.795 m3/s 58.6 kW 54.1 m
0.795 m3/s 68.9 kW -4.25 m
7.8 kN/s 9) 412.2 kW
795 kg/s 10) 3.51 m (the flow
is from R to I)
Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
 (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
 Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 - Hydraulics 8

Manila FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch

 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998