List of Figures

Figure no. Title Page no.

1. Various headings and sub-headings covered in Chapterl 1
2. Canonical Literature and Popular Literature meet on the 2
margins
3. Various forms of Popular Culture 3
4. A painting displayed in the exhibition 4
5. A painting depicting a story-teller 7
6. Various layers that assimilated the oral tradition 7
7. The cover of DVD Rome Oral Tradition of Vedas 11
8. Boa 13
9. Akbar and Birbal show broadcast on Cartoon Network 19
10. Cartoon Network’s Tenali Raman 19
11. Book cover of Panchatantra Stories from India by 21
Margaret Lawrence
12. The famous story from Book IV ‘The Monkey and the 27
Crocodile’
X • The Adventures of Tenali Raman. 28
14. The story of the Lion and the Hare 29
15. Divisions of Chapter 2 32
16. Panchatantra by Virgin Comics 33
17. An illustration from a translation of The Panchatantra 34
18. Visnusarman teaching the three princes 35
19. A page from Kalileh O Demneh 36
20. The king of the crows along with his political advisors 37
21. An illustration of‘Crows and Owls’ 38
22. A sculpture in the Candi Mendut Temple, Indonesia 40
23. The Tortoise and the Hare 42
24. A Sanskrit manuscript of The Panchatantra from medieval 43
times
25. The Blue Jackal 44
26. An illustration from a Syriac edition 45
27. The three scholars with a dead Lion 46

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28. World journey of The Panchatantra 48

29. An illustration from The Fables of Bidpai 49

30. Burzoy travelling to India 49

31. Ibn al-Muqaffa’s Kalila wa Dimna 31

32. Bidpai and Dabishilm 53

33. Constant themes of The Panchatantra 56
34. The Character types 61

35. The Lion and the Bull 64

36. The Bird with Golden Dung 65
37. The book of Kalila wa dimna 67
38. Persian illustration of Kalileh and Dimneh 67
39. The duties of a king 70
40. The Brahman’s Dream 70
41. A Persian manuscript 71
42. An ancient manuscript illustrating the story of the rabbit 72
and the elephant
43. EkAnek aur Ekta on Doordarshan 73
44. A comic strip illustrating the story of the crows and owls 73
45. The sub-titles of Chapter 3 76
46. Popular names and titles of Mahesh Das and Ramalinga 78
47. Cartoon Network’s Birbal 78
48. Scenes from Jodhaa Akbar 79
49. Book cover of James Moseley’s The Ninth Jewel of 82
Mughal Empire.
50. Tenali in Andhra Pradesh 83
51. A still from Doordarshan’s Tenali Rama and Cartoon 84
Network's The Adventures of Tenali Raman showing
Goddess Kali
52. Birbal and Fanneh Khan 88
/

53. King Krishadevaraya with Queen Tirumalambal 89

54. Birbal brings a sadhu, a beggar and a thief 90
55. The jealous courtiers 92
56. Tenali and the king with jealous courtiers 93
57. Emperor Akbar with his Queen 94

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58. Tenali and the king 95
59. The Barber shaving the donkey 96
60. Tenali’s btother-in-law comes home unannounced 97
61. Birbal and the sadhu 98
62. An illustration showing Tenali outside his house 100
63. The Character types 100
64. Akbar in Doordarshan’s Akbar Birbal 101
65. Anang Desai as King Krishnadevaraya in Doordarshan’s 102
Tenali Rama
66. The king offering a gold mango to one of the Brahmins 103
67. Akbar with the court-barber 103
68. Birbal and the five identical Shahs 104
69. Birbal and the Queen 105
70. King Krishnadevaraya enjoying a game of chess 108
71. Akbar Birbal and other courtiers 109
72. Birbal’s Khichdi 111
73. An illustration by R. K. Kaxman shows the king laughing 114
74. The various forms of media that assimilated the tales of 116
The Panchatantra, Akbar Birbal and Tenali Raman
75. The accent process shows the sequence of different media 117
76. Illustrations from the book of Kalila wa Dimna 118
77. Book II ‘The Winning of Friends’ 119
78. Flop-Ear and Dusty 119
79. Bharunda birds at the Candi Mendut Temple 120
80. Right-Mind and Wrong-Mind 120
81. The Monkey and the Crocodile 120
82. The Tortoise and the Geese 120
83. Sketches by R. K. Laxman 122
84. King Krishnadevaraya 122
85. Tenali Rama 122
86. Amar Chitra Katha series of The Panchatantra, Akbar 127
Birbal and Tenali Raman
87. Panchatantra, The Tall Tales of Vishnu Sharma 128
88. Diamond Comics’ Akbar Birbal 129

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89. Postal Stamps by the Govt. Of India 129

90. A Stamp of Liban (85p) 130

91. Another Stamp of Liban (15p) 130
92. Vikram Gokhale and Anang Desai as Akbar and Birbal 131
93. Doordarshan’s Tenali Rama (Vijay Kashyap) 131
94. The Adventures ofChhota Birbal 132
95. The Adventures of Tenali Raman 133
96. Toonz Animation Banner on their website 134
97. A still from Manpasand 136
98. Scenes from Jodhaa Akbar 137
99. A. Nageshwara Rao as Tenali Ramakrishna 139
100. N. T. Rama Rao as King Krishnadevaraya 139
101. Sivaji Ganeshan as Tenali Ramakrishna 140
102. Dancing tales.............. Panchatantra 142
103. Pavithra Sriniviasan performing on The Panchatantra tales 143
104. The Panchatantra by Balaji Manohar 144
105. The invitation card of the play Tales of Tenali Rama 145
106. Oral tradition forms the base for other media 147
107. The relation of poetics with politics 151

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