Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors

Dr. Essam Mahmoud

 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors

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Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors

of DC motor

Starting Methods
 of DC motor

• A large DC motor will pick up speed rather slowly due to its large
rotor inertia. Hence, building up the back emf slowly causing the level
of high starting current maintained for quite some time. This may
cause severe damage. To avoid this, a suitable DC motor starter must
be used.
• Very small dc motors, however, may be started directly by
connecting them to the supply with the help of a contactor or a switch.
It does not result in any harm because they gather speed quickly due to
small rotor inertia. In this case, the large starting current will die down
quickly because of the fast rise in the back emf.
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors

of DC motor
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

To avoid the above dangers while starting a DC motor,

it is necessary to limit the starting current. So, a DC
motor is started by using a starter. There are
various types of dc motor starters, such as
➢ 3 point starter.
➢ 4 point starter.
➢ no-load release coil starter.
➢ thyristor controller starter etc.
The basic concept behind every DC motor starter is
adding external resistance to the armature winding
during starting or reduce applied voltage
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

3-point starter

❑ The internal wiring of a 3 point starter is as shown

in the figure.

➢ When the connected dc motor is to be started, the lever is

turned gradually to the right. When the lever touches point 1,
the field winding gets directly connected across the supply,
and the armature winding gets connected with resistances R1
to R5 in series.
𝑽𝒔
𝑰𝒂 =
𝑹𝒂+(𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐+𝑹𝟑+𝑹𝟒+𝑹𝟓)

𝑽𝒔−𝑬𝒂 𝑽𝒔−𝑬𝒂
𝑰𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂 =
𝑹𝒂+(𝑹𝟓) 𝑹𝒂
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

3-point starter

❑ The internal wiring of a 3 point starter is as shown

in the figure.

➢ When the source is disconnected due to any reason, the

element E which in No voltage coil (NVC) will be
deenergized and let the lever to back to position OFF
and disconnect the motor from supply. And if we want
to turn on the motor again, we will pass through the
different positions from 1 to 6 to protect the motor
from the high starting current.
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

3-point starter

❑ The internal wiring of a 3 point starter is as shown

in the figure.

➢ When the current increase over the full load current of

the motor, the coil D will be energized more and pull
the metal contact and make short circuit on the no
voltage coil (E) to make it let the spring to return the
lever again to the off position and by this sequence it
protects the motor from over current
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

A 230 V DC source is used to feed a 20 hp DC shunt motor. Design a starting resistor bank to
Example
reduce the armature current as 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20A where the armature emf increases
gradually as 0, 20, 80, 150 and 200V. And then calculate the steady state full load armature
current, induced emf and mechanical losses if the motor armature and field resistances are
0.1Ω and 230 Ω. The developed power is 15kW.
Solution: 𝑽𝒔−𝑬𝒂
At the position1: 𝑰𝒂𝟒 =
𝑹𝒂+(𝑹𝟒+𝑹𝟓)
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟏𝟓𝟎
𝑰𝒂𝟏 =
𝑽𝒔 R4= - (0.1+1.4)= 6.5
𝑹𝒂+ 𝑹𝟏+𝑹𝟐+𝑹𝟑+𝑹𝟒+𝑹𝟓 𝟏𝟎
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟖𝟎
𝑽𝒔−𝑬𝒂 R3= - (0.1+1.4+6.5)= 22
𝟓
At the position5: 𝑰𝒂𝟓 = 𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟎
𝑹𝒂+(𝑹𝟓)
R2= - (0.1+1.4+6.5+22)= 75
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝟐
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟐𝟎𝟎
20= R5= - 0.1= 1.4 R1=
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟎
- (0.1+1.4+6.5+22+75)= 128
𝟎.𝟏+(𝑹𝟓) 𝟐𝟎 𝟏
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝟎
Ia= - (0.1+1.4+6.5+22+75)= 128
𝟏
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
5-Starting control of DC motor

A 230 V DC source is used to feed a 20 hp DC shunt motor. Design a starting resistor bank to
Example
reduce the armature current as 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20A where the armature emf increases
gradually as 0, 20, 80, 150 and 200V. And then calculate the steady state full load armature
current, induced emf and mechanical losses if the motor armature and field resistances are
0.1Ω and 230 Ω. The developed power is 15kW.
Pout=Pd-PmL PmL=Pd-Pout=15000- 20*746= 80W
Pd=EaIa = 15000
𝟐𝟑𝟎−𝑬𝒂 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
I𝐚 = =
𝟎.𝟏 𝑬𝒂

230Ea-Ea2 = 1500 Ea2 -230Ea+ 1500=0

Ea=223.28 or 6.2
Ia=67.5 A
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
6-Speed control of DC motor

‫بالتجربة العملية‬
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
6-Speed control of Dc motor

T
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
6-Speed control of Dc motor
ω
Rae=0
Ra

Raemax
Rae T

Rse ω
Rse=0
Ra

Rse
T
 Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors

The detailed Methods of speed control of different DC motors ..

Next :Lecture
 ‫‪Nameplate Data‬‬ ‫اختصار اسم الشركة‬
‫نوع اآللة‬ ‫أقصى جهد تشغيل‬ ‫‪Manufacturer Abbreviation‬‬
‫‪Machine type‬‬ ‫‪Maximum voltage‬‬
‫الرقم المرجعي الخاص بالشركة‬
‫الشركة المصنعة‬
‫‪Manufacturer Abbreviation‬‬
‫‪manufacturer‬‬

‫أقصى قدرة‬ ‫كود الحماية‬

‫‪Maximum power‬‬ ‫‪Protection code‬‬
‫ومنه يمكن معرفة درجة الحرارة‬
‫التي يتحملها الموتور‬
‫أقصى تيار‬ ‫فترة التشغيل‬
‫‪Maximum current‬‬ ‫‪Working hours‬‬
‫وجهد المجال أقصى تيار‬ ‫وتأخذ رمز معين ويقصد بها‬
‫‪Maximum current‬‬ ‫أقصى ساعات التشغيل التي‬
‫‪and voltage of‬‬ ‫تيحملها الموتور في اليوم‬
‫‪field‬‬ ‫الواحد‬
‫نوع تغذية المجال‬ ‫الوزن‬
‫‪Excitation type‬‬
‫تاريخ التصنيع‬
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors
Lect3: Starting and speed control of DC motors