Lecture 5

Transformers
Dr. Essam Mahmoud
Cont: essam.ali@aun.edu.eg
Whats: 01146818865
 Principle of operation for Electrical Machines

To convert from mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice

versa , you should use the magnetic field. Without magnetic field
there is no electromechanical system.

• During this conversion, magnetic energy behaves

like a buffer or an interface
between mechanical and electrical energies
 Principle of operation for Electrical Transformers

No mechanical energy here in transformers, but the principle of

magnetic field is exist.

• The electrical energy is transferred to the other side

with another levels of voltages and currents and
with no electrical connections.
Introduction to transformer
Introduction to transformer
Introduction to transformer
Types of Transformers
Single-phase transformers
 Single-phase transformers

Np: Primary winding, no turns of

coils.

Ns: secondary winding, no of turns

of coils.

Vp: primary voltage.

VS: secondary voltage.
Ip: primary Current.
IS: secondary Current.

Note: Always the side of transformer which is connected to the load is called secondary side and
the side which is connected to supply is called primary side regardless of the voltage ratings.
 Single-phase transformers

According to Faraday’s law:

Any conducting material exists under magnetic
field, there is an emf (voltage) generated on its
ends

If you have large number of conductors:

Each one has an emf

If you connect the conductors in series with each other:

The emf will be larger according to the number

of coils or is called turns.
Single-phase transformers
Single-phase transformers
Single-phase transformers
Single-phase transformers
Single-phase transformers
Solution
Solution