“Level of Awareness of 3rd Year Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Students on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15 at UNIVERSITY

OF CEBU LAPU-LAPU AND MANDAUE”

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the

College of Marine Transportation

University of Cebu – LM

Mandaue City, Cebu

Philippines

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

By:

Albor, David Joash

Bacus, John Carlo

Planga, Mike Ryan

Igot, Nelson Jr.

10 November 2022
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgement ii
Dedication iii
Abstract iv
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study 0
Theoretical Background 0
Review of the related Literature 0
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem 0
Significance of the Study 0
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design 0
Research Environment 0
Research Respondents 0
Research Instruments 0
Research Procedure 0
DEFINITION OF TERMS
REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Transmittal Letter 00
Appendix B: Form 2s, Form 3s, Form 4s 00
Appendix C: Survey Questionnaires 00
Appendix D: Research Environment / Location Map 00
Appendix E: Curriculum Vitae 00
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, may all the glory belong to the highest, for the blessings and good fate
he bestowed upon us throughout our research work to complete the research successfully.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our research teacher, Mr. Omar James
Carayo MedSPED/MAESL for giving us the opportunity to do research and for consistently
providing us with invaluable guidance throughout this research. His patience in responding to our
queries have been very appreciative to us. Without his wisdom and humor, our research experience
and skills would barren and dull. It was a great and humbling experience to be a mentee of Mr.
Carayo. We are beyond grateful to study under his guidance. We are also extending our heartfelt
thanks to his family for their understanding whenever we have to ask queries beyond his class
schedule. We know time for family is very precious, and for that we are thankful for his sacrifices
beyond a teacher can do.

We are also extremely grateful for our parents and love ones for their support on our
endeavors in life. For who we are today, is a result of their sacrifices and love for us. We are forever
in debt for the love they have devoted to us. No words or phrase can explain how grateful we are
for having a loving and caring parent like them.

Lastly, we would like to thank the respondents and panelists who were the primary key to
the success of this thesis. We are grateful for having an understanding and participative respondent.
To the panelist, with their experience and wisdom, we are humbled to be guided and corrected by
them. To all that have been part of this thesis, we are truly grateful. Our success is also yours.
 DEDICATION

This research endeavor is dedicated to the parents, students, admin, and staff of the
University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue.

To the parents - for their unwavering love and support, for motivating and financially
sustaining us.

To the students – for helping us in completing our research by agreeing to participate and
cooperate.

To the admin and staff – We'd like to thank the administration and staff of the University
of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue for their cooperation. Without your help, none of this would be
possible.
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the Study

The distinct culture of the maritime transportation industry is defined by its global nature,
working conditions, autonomy, and complexity (Güven-Koçak, 2015). The global shipping
industry is experiencing a boom as economic globalization accelerates, and the trend of global
economic integration has intensified in recent decades. According to the Review of Maritime
Transport 2019, shipping accounts for approximately 90% of international trade in terms of the
weight of goods; there is no doubt that shipping plays an indispensable role in the global economy.
Shipping, on the other hand, has long been regarded as a complex and high-risk activity, with
maritime accidents frequently resulting in severe damage, death, loss, injury, or pollution, as well
as significant political, economic, and environmental consequences.
Collision is among the most common type of accidents at sea, and COLREGs have been
very effective in Maritime Education and Training for seafarers. The inability to remember,
understand, and interpret road rules will impact decision-making at sea. As a result, improving
methods of learning COLREGs from the start of ROR research is preferable. A collision between
two ships or a fixed object, such as an offshore platform, can be catastrophic. According to
Bottelberghs (2013), Collision can lead to fire and explosion, and as a result, grounding and
capsizing could happen. Marine accidents are classified as Collisions, explosions and fires,
flooding, and grounding. A series of major maritime incidents have occurred in the Philippines,
claiming thousands of lives. Most of these maritime disasters were dubbed the worst in peacetime
maritime history. The environmental damage has been downplayed due to the magnitude of the
lives lost, and the porous setting of the islands has dissipated the ecological damages caused by
spilled or leaked oil and chemicals. Accident data were taken from PCG and MARINA in the
archipelago from 2002 until now. Recent information was taken from Lloyds Marine
Transportation in the Philippines: The Maritime Accidents and their Causes MUI list of casualties
and online news and print articles. These data were gathered and compiled, and Official reports on
these accidents classified them as collisions, allusions, ramming, bumping, and hitting. These were
compiled under "Collisions accidents," which shows that of all reported accidents, the 'Ship-Ship'
topped the scale, which was attributed to poor navigation, non-observance of the rules of the road,
and lack of prudent seamanship.
On August 16, 2013, the RORO passenger vessel ST THOMAS DE AQUINAS (STA)
(11,405 GT, built-in 1973) collided with the containership SULPICIO EXPRESS 7 (SE7) (9,691
GT, built-in 1980) as it approached Cebu, Philippines. The STA sank in 40 meters of water in 15
minutes. The incident claimed the lives of over 100 of the 813 passengers and crew on board the
STA at the time. Despite significant hull damage, the SE7 could steam back to port without
casualties or bunker release. STA was carrying 120 tonnes of Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO180) on
board at the time of the incident, an unknown amount of which was released instantly following
the Collision. In addition to fuel oil, the vessel carried 20 tonnes of diesel and lube oils and
approximately 100 TEU containers. These are thought to have contained food and building
materials, with no dangerous goods listed on any manifests.
The International Maritime Organization published a fundamental International
Convention in the Rules of the Road called the Collision Regulations (COLREG) for Preventing
Collisions at Sea 1972. Which specify, among other things, the "rules of the road" or maritime
standards that ships and other vessels must abide by to prevent collisions that ships and other boats
must adhere to avoid accidents. COLREGs may also refer to the political line separating inland
waterways, which have navigation regulations, from coastal waterways, which are regulated by
international navigation rules.
Furthermore, officers on ships and all the seafarers at sea must know how to use it in many
real-world situations. About 56% of major maritime Collisions violate COLREGS (Statheros et al.,
2008). Correct understanding and following the rules in COLREGs is essential for passing safely.
However, the COLREG rules do not provide specific guidance in actual operation (Hilgert &
Baldauf, 1997; Du et al., 2020b), especially for the stand-on ship under the conflict threat (Du et
al., 2020a). Hence, a contextual appreciation is required by the officers on watch, based on which
conflict resolution actions are enacted. According to COLREGs, the obligation of the give-way
ship is relatively explicit and constant when the collision risk exists. Thus, a give-way ship is
required to act early and sufficiently.
The researchers' primary objective is to determine the level of awareness of maritime
students, specifically the 3rd year aspiring maritime cadets, on the collision regulations. The study
will solely focus on COLREG Rule 10, Traffic Separation Scheme, and Rule 14, the Crossing
Situation. The University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue is an outstanding institution that offers
quality education and is known for producing competent maritime cadets. This research aims to
impart awareness to the students, specifically in the maritime field, on the importance of knowing
the collision regulations as it would help them to be prudent individuals in their chosen career path.
Theoretical Background

This study is anchored on Vygotsky’s theories (1968), language and culture play important
roles in both human cognitive growth and how humans perceive the world, and that is learning
concepts are transmitted through language and interpreted by experience and encounters within a
cultural context. Social Constructivism acknowledges the social component of awareness and the
use of conversation, engagement with others, and knowledge application as a vital component of
learning and a means of reaching learning objectives. The principle of the said theory explains the
lifelong process of development is dependent on the social interaction of an individual and that
social learning actually leads to cognitive development.
According to Shelley and Robert's theories (1972). Objective self-awareness theory is a
condition in which a person concentrates on themselves as the target of attention. Self-focus is one
of two possible attentional focus directions. Individuals can focus their attention on themselves or
their surroundings. When people look outward, they notice the most important parts of their
surroundings. When focused inward, the focus goes to the most critical components of the self.
Although the focus may be focused in any direction, it cannot be divided between the two. When
a person concentrates on their surroundings, all of his or her attention is on the environment and
none on themselves. In contrast, if a person is focused solely on oneself, they will ignore their
surroundings.
According to Zaksaite, T., & Tyagi, V. (2020), attention is a crucial component of
cognition, and changes in attentional states have been associated with creativity. In particular, the
invention has been related to defocused attention or a higher concentration on unnecessary
information. Most instructors have to deal with the fact that their students’ attention wanders in
class regularly. They may be spotted dozing off, napping, looking away from the front of the room,
texting, or working on something for another subject. It’s an issue, and it’s difficult for instructors
not to take it personally. Dealing with the emotional response caused by inattention is more
straightforward when it’s well-understood.
Review of Related Literature

COLREGs is one of the international maritime treaties. To avoid collisions, it is important

that the officer in charge of the navigational watch has a thorough and proper comprehension of
the rules. In past years, The number of ships involved in a maritime disaster has increased. The
most important consideration in providing safe ship navigation is employing a professional officer
who understands the idea and principles of ship navigation. The COLREGs are taught at maritime
colleges all throughout the world, and sailors in training frequently memorize them verbatim.
According to Perera (2019), COLREGs are vital for the safety of navigation and should be
executed appropriately to avoid collision. They are written in the form of a legal document,
therefore there is a scope for interpretation on some of the regulations which can lead to human
error. In order to avoid navigational accidents, it is essential for seafarers to understand and follow
the COLREGs. For this reason, LDOs should continue to be included in discussions on the
COLREGs' long-term development.
According to (MAIB, 2017), studies of accident investigation reports involving ships, 60%
of accidents are caused by human mistake, followed by 19% by mechanical or structural failure
and 10% by equipment failure. It can be disclose that the most of human error-related accidents are
closely tied to avoidance action to avoid collisions, which are insufficient to eliminate any risky
situations,despite the absence of a credible study on accidents attributed to the usage of COLREGs.
despite the absence of a credible study on accidents attributed to the usage of COLREGs.
According to the IMLA Newsletter (IMLA, 2018) that the Turkish Maritime Community
had submitted a model route for the 1972 International Convention on the Prevention of Collisions
at Sea (COLREGs) that had been evaluated and approved by the Maritime Safety Committee. The
knowledge, awareness, and abilities required to make sure that seafarers can perform the
responsibilities expected of them on board have been distinctly identified and listed. In order to
ensure that the changes are accurately reflected, this required a thorough evaluation and revision of
all maritime education and training programs. As a result, trainers and assessors were given direct
and considerable responsibility for the knowledge and skill development and demonstration of
competence by seafarers for the safe operation of ships and, by extension, for maritime safety.
According to the European Maritime Safety Agency (2018), the primary cause of maritime
casualties, defined as collisions or groundings, is human mistakes. License Deck Officers (LDOs)
have been discovered to be the main contributors to these kinds of mishaps. It shows that human
error causes 80% of all maritime accidents. No matter how much automation is used, people will
always be involved in designing or running a ship or its systems. Hence, it is likely more accurate
to say that all maritime accidents result from human error. Even though technology has improved,
research shows that people still make over 80% of all mistakes. While accidents are becoming less
common, human error accounts for between 80 and 85 percent of maritime mishaps.
According to Wang et al. (2021), according to some experts, another significant
contributing reason to marine casualties is the misinterpretation, inappropriate application, or
misuse of the COLREGs. A seafarer's chance of being involved in a serious accident increases by
233.8 percent when they have insufficient theoretical knowledge of the COLREGs. All seagoing
officers must comprehend COLREG and be able to use it in practical scenarios. It is one of the
most significant international conventions. However, case law reveals that many of the fundamental
COLREGs concepts are misunderstood and inappropriately implemented, as indicated in the
Mariners Alerting and Reporting Scheme (MARS) and Marine Accident Investigation Branch
(MAIB) findings. A recent study of COLREGs discovered that nearly half of all seafarers
worldwide disregard COLREGs at sea when taking actions to avoid collisions. To make sure the
water is safe, seafarers must know all of the COLREG rules and how they should be used.
According to Francis (2019), mariners are the most important element for the safety of the
navigation of ships. The safety of people and the environment are among the top priorities of those
working in the maritime industry, along with maritime safety, effective maritime transit, and
navigational systems. This emphasizes the critical need for everyone to comprehend the COLREG
and the link between risky activities and serious incidents that may result in fatalities or severe
harm to the environment or property. Safety is a recognized barrier to obtaining a level of risk that
is acceptable. This can take the form of being shielded from a mishap, being exposed to anything
that might cause a collision with another vessel, or even suffering financial losses.
According to García Maza, J. A., & Argüelles, R. P. (2022), regulations and seamanship
are essential for preventing ship collisions. When there is a possibility of a ship collision, the
appropriate collision avoidance measures must be applied based on the precise encounter
circumstance and decision stage. Future automated collision avoidance (ACA) operations must
adhere to the established regulations and seamanship standards. Additionally, according to Naeem
et al. (2012), Seafarers should note that to reduce or eliminate the possibility of collisions, all
marine surface boats must always abide by COLREGs. A simple PID autopilot is integrated into
an autonomous surface vehicle to ensure the craft follows the created seaway. Simulations show
that the resulting method may provide valid paths in stationary and moving impediments.
According to Jin et al. (2017). Avoiding ship collisions is heavily reliant on seamanship
and laws. Practical collision avoidance steps must be implemented based on the encounter
circumstance and stage when a ship collision risk arises. All future automated collision avoidance
(ACA) operations must adhere to specific laws and seamanship standards. Moreover, automatic
steering is a virtual device when utilized appropriately. When it is allowed to care for itself and
vigilance is relaxed, it might lead to calamity. Men are responsible for maritime safety and can
make no more significant error than believing otherwise. (Perera et al., 2009)
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to measure the level of awareness of 3rd Year Bachelor of Science
in Marine Transportation students on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15 at University
of Cebu Lapu – Lapu and Mandaue. The findings of which, will serve as the basis for
recommendations.

Specifically, this answers the following questions:

1. What are the demographic profiles of the participants in terms of
1.1 Age?
1.2 Gender?
2. What is the level of awareness of the students on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15
in terms of?
2.1 Memorization of Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15
2.2 The definition of the ColReg Rule 10
2.3 The definition of the ColReg Rule 15
2.4 The application of the ColReg Rule 10
2.5 The application of the ColReg Rule 15
2.6 The importance of the ColReg Rule 10
2.7 The importance of the ColReg Rule 15
3. Base on the findings, what possible recommendations or suggestions can be made to

effectively increase the awareness of having the knowledge of COLREG, especially

Rules10 and 15?

Significance of the study
The results of the study will be of great benefit to the following entities:
rd
3 Year Deck Cadet Students
The study can contribute benefits to the students which will give them an awareness of the
importance of the Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15. Hence, students will strictly follow and
carry the knowledge of the Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15 consistently that are implemented
for the school activities or laboratories and for the future use as a seafarer.
Teachers.
The result of the study provides an assessment in which it will be a great help for the
teachers to understand the reasons why the students are incapable of defining the Collision
Regulations Rules 10 and 15. It may give an idea for the teacher to provide a recommendation or
suggestion for the betterment of the student’s physical behavior.
School Administrator.
The result of the study may provide an assessment of the Maritime Collision Regulations
Rules 10 and 15 whether it is well understood and memorized consistently or not. This may also
encourage the School Administrator to think of other ideas, though, this research will also give a
recommendation based on the data that we have gathered that will make the students to be more
active in defining and having the knowledge of the Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15.
School.
Through this research, it will serve as a reference to the school in creating new ideas
regarding the results. This will give them a background in how to deal with the students who are
unable to define their knowledge about the Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15.
As a Researcher.
This study will help us as a researcher to be more active in memorizing and be more
motivated to study Collision Regulations. This study will also give us more information on why
the students were not able to define and memorize the Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15. And
through that information, learning from it and applying it to ourselves will greatly benefit to us as
a researcher.
Future Researchers.
This study, will serve as reference material and a guide for future researchers who wish to
conduct the same study or any study related to Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15.
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design
This study is a quantitative type of research. This study will utilize a descriptive survey
design in order to determine the level of awareness of 3rd Year Bachelor of Science in Marine
Transportation Students on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15 at the University of Cebu Lapu
– Lapu and Mandaue.
Research Environment
This study will be conducted at the University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue using a
survey questionnaire due to the proximity of available respondents. The University is located at
A.C. Cortes Ave, Mandaue City Cebu across the old Mactan bridge connecting the Mactan island
and Cebu City.
Research Respondents
The respondents of this study are composed of 3rd year Maritime students at the University
of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue. The researchers conclude that there are at least 80 3rd year
maritime students as respondents. One of the essential steps in maintaining the success of this study
is to measure the level of awareness of 3rd year maritime students on Collision Regulations Rules
10 and 15. All of these students were randomly selected and will be given a survey questionnaire.
Those students chosen by the researchers are the people who are suitable and applicable to the
study.
Research Instrument
The data in this research are gathered using a researchers-made survey questionnaire
conducted to 3rd year Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation students to determine their
level of awareness on the different collision regulations, more specifically on Rules 10 and 15.
These questionnaires are methodically created and include a series of questions that are intended
primarily to generate responses from respondents to collect data. In order to get the level of
awareness of on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15, the researchers will use a Likert scale
which has the indicator of 5-Fully Aware, 4-Aware, 3- Neither Aware or Not Aware, 2- Not Aware,
1- Fully not Aware.
Research Procedure
Prior to the data collection process, the researchers would first submit a transmittal letter
and seek permission to the school principal, requesting to collect data from the respondents of the
study. Once acknowledged by the school principal, the researchers may now distribute the printed
survey questionnaire to the respondents. While conducting the data gathering, the respondents are
given enough time to answer ang will be guided by the researchers themselves. Finally, the
researchers will be able to record, evaluate, and analyze the answers given by the respondents.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined for a better understanding of this study:

COLREG’s
- The International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, more commonly known
as the COLREGS, published by the International Maritime Organization and set out, among other
things, the "rules of the road" or navigation rules to be followed by ships and other vessels at sea
to prevent collisions between two or more vessels.
IMO
- International Maritime Organization, a specialized agency of the United Nations, IMO is
the global standard-setting authority for the safety, security and environmental performance of
international shipping. Its main role is to create a regulatory framework for the shipping industry
that is fair and effective, universally adopted and universally implemented.
MARINA
– The Maritime Industry Authority oversees the promotion and development of the
maritime industry, and also provides effective regulation of shipping enterprises. MARINA was
granted the authority to issue Certificates of Public Convenience (CPC), permitting the operation
of domestic and overseas water carriers. Other functions of the agency include the registration of
vessels, the issuance of licenses, the addressing of safety concerns pertaining to vessel construction,
and the enforcement of maritime law.
Collision at Sea
- Ship collision is the name given to the physical impact that occurs between two ships
resulting in a damaging accident. This particular collision can also occur between a ship and a
stable or a floating structure like an offshore drilling platform or an ice berg or even a port.
Decision Making
- Involves systematically gathering and evaluating information to make a decision. It
requires finding the best available information and organizing it, then thinking through the options
to determine the optimal choice given the circumstances. This process is crucial to making well-
informed, well-thought-out decisions.
REFERENCES / BIBLIOGRAPHY

Zaksaite, T., & Tyagi, V. (2020). Attention. Encyclopedia of Creativity (Third Edition),
90-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809324-5.23864-9
García Maza, J. A., & Argüelles, R. P. (2022). COLREGs and their application in collision
avoidance algorithms: A critical analysis. Ocean Engineering, 261, 112029.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112029
Naeem, W., Irwin, G. W., & Yang, A. (2012). COLREGs-based collision avoidance
strategies for unmanned surface vehicles. Mechatronics, 22(6), 669-678.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.09.012
Perera, L. P., Carvalho, J. P., & Guedes Soares, C. (2009). Autonomous guidance and
navigation based on the COLREGs rules and regulations of collision avoidance.
https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/6350.pdf.
He, Y., Jin, Y., Huang, L., Xiong, Y., Chen, P., & Mou, J. (2017). Quantitative analysis of
COLREG rules and seamanship for autonomous collision avoidance at open sea. Ocean
Engineering, 140, 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.05.029
Social Constructivism theory (By L. Vygotsky). (1968). https://www.eajournals.org/wp-
content/uploads/Social-Constructivism.pdf
Wang, T. F. (2017). Ship domain model for multi-ship collision avoidance decision-
making with COLREGs based on artificial potential field - TransNav : International Journal on
Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation - Tom Vol. 11, no. 1 (2017) - BazTech -
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from https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-6b169b75-31d9-4bcb-
864f-35338c3b158a
Hannaford, E. (2022, May 11). Autonomous ships and the collision avoidance regulations:
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https://www.transnav.eu/files/The+Further+Studies+On+The+COLREGs+(Collision+Regulation
s,551.pdf
Perera, L. P., & Batalden, B. M. (2019). Possible COLREGs Failures under Digital Helmsman of
Autonomous Ships.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332767003_Possible_COLREGs_Failures_und
er_Digital_Helmsman_of_Autonomous_Ships.
Hannaford, E., Maes, P., & Hassel, E. V. (2022). Autonomous ships and the collision avoidance
regulations: a licensed deck officer survey.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13437-022-00269-
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VZU5KxNfYamrM#citeas.
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avoidance algorithms: A critical analysis. Ocean Engineering, 261, 112029.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112029

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 APPENDIX A
Transmittal Letter

November 2022

Capt. Efren G. Caballes

Dean, College of Marine Transportation
University of Cebu –Lapulapu and Mandaue

Dear Capt. Caballes:

We are the 2nd year students of this university who are researching as part of our curriculum.
One of the requirements of the subject is to conduct research.
In this regard, we would like to request that we would be allowed to survey the students
that have already submitted their consent to us to complete our study, “Level of Awareness of 3rd
Year Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation Students on Collision Regulations Rules
10 and 15 at UNIVERSITY OF CEBU LAPU-LAPU AND MANDAUE” in compliance with
the requirement of our course.
We assure you that all information we gathered from this research will be confidential and be used
only for academic purposes.
Thank you for your kind consideration.

Very Truly Yours,

Albor, David Joash

Bacus, John Carlo
Igot, Nelson Jr.
Planga, Mike Ryan

Noted By:

Mr. Omar James Carayo MEd -ESL

Research Instructor

Capt. Efren G. Caballes

Dean, College of Marine Transportation
 APPENDIX B
STANDARD FORM 1S
STANDARD FORM 10
 Appendix C
Research Instrument
Interview Guide Questions

Title: Level of Awareness of 3rd Year Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Students on Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15 at UNIVERSITY
OF CEBU LAPU-LAPU AND MANDAUE
Name (Optional): __________________________ Date: _____________________
Section: _______________________

Direction: Listed below are the questions relevant to the level of awareness on Collision
Regulations Rules 10 and 15. Put a check mark (✓) on the space appropriate column of your choice.
Please answer it with honesty.

How aware are you of these Collision Regulations Rules 10 and 15?
5 – Fully Aware
4 – Aware
3 – Neither Aware or Not Aware
2 – Not Aware
1 – Fully not Aware

5 4 3 2 1
Fully Aware Neither Not Fully
Aware Aware Aware not
or Not Aware
Aware
Memorization of Collision Regulations - - - - -
Rules 10 and 15
• Reading books about ColReg

• Exercising the Collision

Regulations Rules 10 and 15
• Having a visual aid (bookmark)
 • Watching videos about ColReg
Rules 10 and 15
The definition of the ColReg Rule 10 - - - - -
• This Rule applies to traffic
separation schemes adopted by
the Organization and does not
relieve any vessel of her
obligation under any other Rule.
• A vessel using a traffic
separation scheme shall:
1. proceed in the
appropriate traffic lane
in the general direction
of traffic flow for that
lane;
• A vessel shall, so far as
practicable, avoid crossing
traffic lanes but if obliged to do
so shall cross on a heading as
nearly as practicable at right
angles to the general direction of
traffic flow.
• A vessel shall not use an inshore
traffic zone when she can safely
use the appropriate traffic lane
within the adjacent traffic
separation scheme. However,
vessels of less than 20 m in
length, sailing vessels and
vessels engaged in fishing may
use the inshore traffic zones.
• A vessel other than a crossing
vessel or a vessel joining or
leaving a lane shall not normally
enter a separation zone or cross
a separation line except to
engage in fishing within a
separation zone.
• A vessel navigating in areas
near the terminations of traffic
separation schemes shall do so
with particular caution.
• A vessel shall so far as
practicable avoid anchoring in a
traffic separation scheme or in
areas near its terminations.
• A vessel not using a traffic
separation scheme shall avoid it
by as wide a margin as is
practicable.
• A vessel engaged in fishing shall
not impede the passage of any
vessel following a traffic lane.
• A vessel of less than 20 m in
length or a sailing vessel shall
not impede the safe passage of a
power-driven vessel following a
traffic lane
• A vessel restricted in her ability
to maneuver when engaged in an
operation for the maintenance of
safety of navigation in a traffic
 separation scheme is exempted
from complying with this Rule
to the extent necessary to carry
out the operation.
• A vessel restricted in her ability
to maneuver when engaged in an
operation for the laying,
servicing or picking up of a
submarine cable, within a traffic
separation scheme, is exempted
from complying with this Rule
to the extent necessary to carry
out the operation.
The definition of the ColReg Rule 15 - - - - -
• When two power-driven vessels
are crossing so as to involve risk
of collision, the vessel which has
the other on her own starboard
side shall keep out of the way and
shall, if the circumstances of the
case admit, avoid crossing ahead
of the other vessel.

The application of the ColReg Rule 10 - - - - -

• . Joining traffic separation

schemes
• Sailing in traffic separation
schemes

• Leaving traffic separation

schemes

• Vessel shall not use an inshore

traffic zone

• Crossing traffic lanes

• Vessel may in some situations

use an inshore traffic zone
The application of the ColReg Rule - - - - -
15
• Vessel A has vessel B on her
own starboard side (relative
bearing STBD 030°)

• Vessel A has vessel B on her

own starboard side (relative
bearing STBD 100°)

• Vessel A has vessel B on her

own port side (relative bearing
PORT 053°)
 • Vessel A has vessel B on her
own port side (relative bearing
PORT 030°)

• Vessel A has vessel B on her

own port side (relative bearing
PORT 100°)

The importance of the ColReg Rule - - - - -

10
• This reduces confusion to other
ships as to the crossing vessel's
intentions and course and at the
same time enables that vessel to
cross the lane as quickly as
possible
The importance of the ColReg Rule - - - - -
15
• This rule also guides about what
action a give way vessel need to
take to avoid risk of collision.
 APPENDIX D

Research Environment / Location Map

Figure 1: Geographical Location of the Research Setting

Figure 2: Image of the University Of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

 APPENDIX E

Curriculum Vitae

Address: Purok 1, Tubod, Sibonga, Cebu

Email: albordavidjoash@gmail.com
Contact #: 09177999668

David Joash Albor

Motto: “No matter how you feel, get up, dress up, show up and never give up.”

Personal Data:

Age:19 years oldSex: Male

Date of Birth: June 11, 2003

Civil Status: Single

Height: 170. 18 cm

Weight: 65 kilograms

Religion: Roman CatholicCitizenship: Filipino

Languages Spoken: Visaya, Tagalog, English

Educational Background:

College:

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu & Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Present

Senior High School:

Pre-Baccalaureate STEM Maritime

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu & Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

2021

High School:

Consolacion National High School

Poblacion Occidental, Consolacion, Cebu

2019

Elementary:

Consolacion Central School

Poblacion Occidental, Consolacion, Cebu

2015
Character References:

Karen Mae Tudtud

University of Cebu Lapu – Lapud and Mandaue

Teacher

09456792437

Jussel Olivar

Contempo Property Holdings, Inc.

Finance Staff

09915705931

Lyca Yvonne Sagadsad

Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Corporation

Facilitator

09614832669

To the best of my knowledge and belief, I hereby attest that the statementsabove are

true.

David Joash Albor

Applicant
 Address: Purok 3, Cubacub, Mandaue City,

Cebu 6014

Email Address: bacuscarlo28@gmail.com

Contact #: 09560765212

John Carlo Piquero Bacus

Motto: “Change for the better; Work hard for the Future”

Personal Data:

Age: 19

Sex: Male

Date of Birth: November 25, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Height: 175.26 cm

Weight: 57 Kilogram

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Language Spoken: Visaya, Tagalog, English

Educational Background:

College:

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu & Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

Present

Senior High School:

Pre-Baccalaureate STEM Maritime

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

2021

Junior High School:

Luke Christian Institute Inc.

Baas, Pagsabungan, Mandaue City, Cebu

2019

Elementary School:

Canduman Elementary School

Mandaue City , Cebu

2015
Character References:

Jose Lidinilo N. Quiño

Private School Teacher

Happy Whiz Kids Learning Institute

09670115809

Jeward D. Bingtan

Teacher 1

Pili Integrated School

09606730317

Lynkys P. Cortes

Private School Elementary Teacher

Luke Christian Institute Inc.

09434742878

I hereby certify that above statements are true and correct to the best of my

knowledge and belief’s

John Carlo Bacus

Applicant
Address: Seabreeze, Pusok Lapu-Lapu City

Email: nelsonigot101@gmail.com

Contact #: 09770639386

Nelson T. Igot Jr.

Motto: "Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change the world."

Personal Data:

Age: 20 years old

Sex: Male

Date of Birth: June 1, 2002

Civil Status: Single

Height: 162.56 cm

Weight: 56kg

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Language: Bisaya, English, Tagalog

Educational Background:

College:

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc Mandaue City

Present

Senior High School:

TVL Maritime

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc Mandaue City

2021

Junior High School:

Pusok National High School:

Matumbo, Pusok Lapu-Lapu City

2019

Elementary:

Pusok Elementary School

Sta.Maria, Pusok Lapu-Lapu City

2015
Character Reference:

Name: Lpt. Jessie Bontuyan

Teacher

Company: Jugan National High school

Contact: 09770881710

I hereby certify that the above statements are true and correct to the best of my
knowledge and beliefs.

Nelson Igot Jr.

Applicant
Address: H. Abellana Street Canduman Mandaue City

Email: planga@gmail.com

Contact #: 09083599806

Mike Ryan C. Planga

Motto: “taking risks is always better than having regrets”

Personal Data:

Age:20 years old

Sex: Male

Date of Birth: March 18 2002

Civil Status: Single

Height: 172.72 cm

Weight: 80 kilograms

Religion: Roman Catholic

Citizenship: Filipino

Languages Spoken: Visaya, Tagalog, English

Educational Background:

College:

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu & Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

Present

Senior High School:

Pre-Baccalaureate STEM Maritime

University of Cebu Lapu-Lapu & Mandaue

A.C Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue, City

2021

High School:

Canduman National High School H.

Abellana Street Canduman, Cebu

2019

Elementary:

Canduman Elementary School H.

Abellana Street Canduman, Cebu

2015
Character References:

Larry Soronio

Canduman National HighSchool

Teacher

09398740555

Vanessa Planga

Mandaue Foam Philippines

Employee

09912269242

Kathleen L.Cabahug

UCLM SHS

Faculty

09674019433

To the best of my knowledge and belief, I hereby attest that the statementsabove

are true.

Mike Ryan C. Planga

Applicant