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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

DESIGN OF SMART HOME SYSTEM BASED ON NB-IoT

Chenye Hana* ,Weiwei Zhang，Meng Li，Yunxia Tian

School of Networks and Communications, Hebei Polytechnic Institute, Shijiazhuang,
050091, China
a
hanchenye@163.com

Abstract . In order to solve the problems of high power consumption, complex access network
and unstable connection in smart home, a smart home system based on narrowband Internet of
things NB-IoT technology is studied. The system uses STM32L431 chip of ST company's ultra-
low power series as the microcontroller, BC95-B5 as the communication module, collects data
through a variety of sensors, uploads the collected data information to the remote Huawei cloud
server using COAP protocol, and the mobile app accesses the cloud platform and obtains data
for display and control. Through the test, the system realizes the function of intelligent control
and can greatly improve the intelligent level of home.

1. Introduction
With the progress of science and technology, the era of Internet of things is coming. With the
development of Internet of things brought by nb-i0t technology, people's requirements for living
conditions are gradually improved. The era of smart family is coming. The smart home equipped with
Internet of things technology will give us a different experience. At present, smart homes usually use
ZigBee, Wi Fi and Bluetooth technologies to access the network, but these technologies generally have
the disadvantages of high power consumption, inconvenient access and small network coverage. NB-
IOT is developed from LTE technology. It is a narrowband Internet of things technology based on
cellular. It has the advantages of wide coverage, low terminal cost and massive connection. It is very
suitable for the application of smart home system in the Internet of things.
This design completes the smart home system design based on nb-iot technology, adopts the BC95-
B5 chip with NB-IoT function of China Mobile, and an intelligent design scheme supported by
embedded development, narrowband Internet of things communication technology, software and
hardware design, Android development and Huawei oceanconnect cloud platform access
technology.The application of NB-IoT technology in smart home control can be highly consistent with
the home environment, effectively improve the smart home user experience, and significantly reduce
the application cost.

2. Overall system architecture

The construction of smart home system based on NB-IoT follows the principle of the four-tier
architecture design scheme of the Internet of things, from bottom to top are perception layer, network
layer, data layer and application layer. The system design hierarchy is shown in Figure 1.

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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

Figure 1 overall system architecture

The sensing layer is composed of main controller, smoke, temperature and humidity sensor, speech
recognition module, illumination sensor, etc. each sensor has data acquisition function, and the
microprocessor processes and controls the collected data. The network layer is composed of NB-IoT
module and core network, which is responsible for establishing transmission channel at NB-IOT
terminal for data transmission. The data layer chooses to use Huawei cloud platform to receive the sensor
request content obtained from the access network to enable the device to access the Internet. The
application layer visually displays and operates the data obtained from the cloud platform through app.

3. System hardware design

The hardware design of smart home system is mainly divided into three parts: microcontroller module,
NB-IoT communication module and each sensor group module.

3.1 Circuit design of main control chip

Considering that the system requires the main control chip to have low power consumption and rich
interface and module functions, and the low-power L series has great advantages in wearable and other
fields, STM32L431RCT6 is selected as the main control chip, which has 256Kb ROM, 160kb ram and
other internal resources, and the number of pins is 64; The maximum operating frequency is 80MHz;
Low power consumption mode is supported. The power consumption is as low as 22 Na in shutdown
mode and 106 Na in standby mode.

3.2 Circuit design of NB-IOT module

The design of NB-IOT wireless communication module selects BC95-B5 chip to upload home
environment data. The chip is an Internet of things communication module produced by mobile
communication technology company and developed based on Huawei hisilicon platform. The chip is
embedded with rich network service protocol stack, which has the characteristics of ultra-low power
consumption and ultra-high sensitivity. BC95-B5 module corresponds to telecom operators and supports
850MHz frequency band. NB-IOT wireless communication module has built-in SIM card holder and is
powered by external power supply. NB-IOT adopts cellular network, which is similar to mobile phone
communication. It needs an identity identification and authentication, so it needs SIM card circuit. The
4G NB-IOT card of China Telecom is selected as the SIM card of the Internet of things. The module
power supply circuit adopts two control modes: hardware control and software control. The interface
circuit includes antenna part, reset circuit, communication interface and other interfaces.

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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

Fig.2 circuit schematic diagram of NB-IOT module

3.3 Sensor module design

The system uses DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, smoke sensor MQ-2, LD3320 voice module,
BH1750FVI light sensor and LED brightness adjustable lamp to collect data and obtain indoor
temperature and humidity, smoke concentration, light intensity, voice information and other data.

4. System software design

The system software development is divided into four parts: the first part is the bottom hardware terminal
software development, the second part is the NB-IOT module software design, the third part is the cloud
platform development, and the fourth part is the top-level application development of mobile terminal
(northbound application development). The first and second parts are called South development. The
whole system software is designed to initialize the system first (MCU initialization, NB-IOT network
connection initialization, NB-IOT module initialization). After initialization, the system reports data and
issues commands.

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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

Data Acquisition Data Acquisition

Profile

Connecting
platform
MCU Gateway

NB-IOT Codec plug-in MCU

Southward IOT Cloud Northbound

development platform application
development development

Figure 3 overall framework of system software

4.1 Bottom hardware terminal software design

The main controller driver and sensor data acquisition program are developed based on Keil MDK5
software development environment and C language code. The initial configuration of the chip adopts
the graphical configuration software STM32 cube MX development environment for STM32 series
chips launched by ST semiconductor. After the equipment is powered on and the initialization is
completed, the main program needs to obtain the data collected by the sensor and report the smoke
concentration value, temperature value and other data.

4.2 NB-IOT module software development

The NB-IOT module BC95-B5 used in this design is an important part of the whole system. It is
responsible for packaging the sensor data sent by the STM32 controller. The BC95-B5 module integrates
the COAP service end and customer service end, and uses the at (attention) command for network
communication configuration. The AT command is the communication bridge between the NB-IOT
module and the STM32 main controller and the Internet of things cloud platform. Configure network
access through at command and connect to cloud platform. After successful docking, the uplink data of
the main controller MCU is sent to the NB-IOT module through the serial port using the at command
and uploaded to the cloud platform for analysis; The downlink data is sent from the cloud platform to
the NB-IOT module through the COAP communication protocol. The NB-IOT module uses the at
command to obtain the string, and the microcontroller receives and analyzes the data through the serial
port. The program design of BC95-B5 communication module can be divided into four parts: BC95-B5
initialization, configuration of CDP server, data sending and data receiving.

4.3 NB-IOT cloud platform development

The access development process of NB-IOT platform is mainly divided into the following steps: (1)
create a project (2) define a profile (3) develop and deploy codec plug-ins. Profile development is to
explain the basic information of the equipment by defining the profile. Before accessing NB-IOT, you
must define the equipment model of the system terminal and configure various parameters according to
the actual situation of the equipment. After setting the service content of the device, complete the online
development of the profile. The communication between NB-IOT equipment and Huawei cloud
platform adopts COAP protocol. Because NB- IOT hardware terminal equipment requires ultra-low
power consumption, the application layer data format adopts binary format. However, the IOT platform
communicates with the application side in JSON format. Therefore, developers need to develop coding
plug-ins for the Internet of things platform to complete the conversion between binary format and JSON
format.

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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

4.4 Mobile terminal top-level application development

Because the designed home scene is mobile control and has the characteristics of remote control and
mobile operation, Java language is used to develop mobile terminal app on smart phone. The mobile
client designs the main interface and interface. The main interface is used to display the main smart
home devices. The interface displays the specific functions and control button lights of the smart home
devices, mainly including light control, temperature detection, smoke detection, voice assistant, etc.

5. System test and commissioning results

After the software and hardware design of the system is completed, the designed system terminal is
placed in the home environment for data collection. After the system is powered on, each module is
initialized. After initialization, the system is connected to the network and connected to the cloud
platform, and the data is reported successfully. Huawei cloud platform can view the reported data and
open the mobile client to control the adjustable lights in the smart home (as shown in Figure 4).
Command data can be issued in the mobile client operation interface, and operation records will be
displayed on the cloud platform.

Figure 4 function interface of mobile client

6. conclusions
Taking the application of NB-IOT technology as the core, this paper studies the application of smart
home. According to the four-tier design of the Internet of things, a set of smart home system is developed.
Combined with embedded technology, the hardware system design is completed with the BC95-B5
communication module of China Mobile The data collected by the sensor is transmitted to Huawei cloud
platform through BC95-B5 using NB-IOT technology for data analysis, and then pushed to the
developed mobile client to realize the intelligent remote control of smart home. The system has a wide
connection range, breaks through the limitations of traditional communication distance and space
obstacles, and can cover every area of the family at low cost Low power consumption improves users'
experience of smart home.

Author information:
Chenye Han (1984 -), female, associate professor, master, mainly engaged in the application research of
embedded system and Internet of things. Email:hanchenye@163.com

References
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2022 International Conference on Energy Utilization and Automation (ICEUA 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2254 (2022) 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2254/1/012039

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