Professional Documents
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Reading lv3
Reading lv3
Reading lv3
ĐàNẵng, 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page
CHAPTER 1: GRAMMAR
Lesson 1: Functions of To-infinitives and Gerunds 6
Lesson 2:Common Verbs, Nouns, and Adjectives Followed
11
by a To-infinitive – Common verbs followed by a Gerund
Lesson 3: Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund -
15
Verbs Followed by either a Gerund or a To-infinitive
Lesson 4: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (1) 19
Lesson 5: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions (2) 25
CHAPTER 2: VOCABULARY
Lesson 6: Comparison of Equality 31
Lesson 7: Comparatives 33
Lesson 8: Superlatives 36
Lesson 9: Other Structures of Comparison 39
Lesson 10: Practice with Toeic Actual Questions 42
REFERENCES 83
LESSON 1
FUNCTIONS OF TO-INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
I. FUNCTIONS OF A TO-INFINITIVE
❶To-infinitive as a Noun
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. To succeed in finding a job is not easy.
Function: __S_______________
2. The manager encouraged the employees to work hard.
Function: __OC________________
3. My dream is to work for the HD Corporation.
Function: __SC________________
4. The manager wanted to interview three applicants.
Function: __O_______________
5. They need to solve the problem now.
Function: __O________________
6. Jean helped me to complete the report.
Function: __OC________________
A. Read the following sentences and point out the functions of the underlined to-
infinitives.
1. They made a plan to visit the office in Chicago.
Function: ____ADJ_________________
2. He exercises regularly to keep in shape.
Function: ____ADV purpose_________________
3. The first thing to do is to have a meeting with the staff.
Function: ____ADJ_________________
4. I am so glad to hear the news.
Function: ____adv _________________
5. It is hard to find a place to park at this hour.
Function: _____ADJ________________
6. The company downsized the workforce only to decrease its productivity.
Function: _____adv result ________________
❶Gerund as a subject
Working overtime is sometimes unnecessary.
Speaking English well will help you get a good job.
❷Gerund as an object
All of the employees enjoyed participating in the seminar. (Object of the verb enjoy)
Thank you for answering my question. (Object of the preposition for)
Gerund as a complement
His concerns is expanding his business quickly.
A. Choose the correct option given in brackets to complete each sentence then
point out its function in the sentence.
1. They suggested (get/getting) a new office. ____________
2. (Test/Testing) a new device is always fun. ____________
3. (Solving/Solve) the problem took lots of time and money. _____________
4. You can make a reservation by (to call/calling) the hotel. ______________
5. (Reduction/Reducing) the costs was more difficult than we had expected. ________
PRACTICE
A. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
LESSON 2
COMMON VERBS, NOUNS & ADJECTIVES FOLLOWED BY
A TO-INFINITIVE
COMMON VERBS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND
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Consumers have the right to ask for a refund if the product is defective or of low
quality.
3. Common adjectives followed by a to-infinitive
You will be able to purchase our goods and services online within a month.
A. Fill the gaps with the correct forms of the verbs given in brackets.
1. (sign) The CEO agreed ___TO SIGN_____________ the contract.
2. (review) You can take your time __TO REVIEW___________ the checklists.
3. (increase) The interest rates are likely ___TO INCREASE_____________ in the first
quarter.
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PRACTICE
A. Choose one correct option in the parentheses.
1. Profits are expected (to double / doubling) in the next quarter.
2. Those interested in (apply / applying) for the job position should send their résumé.
3. In order to (maintain / maintaining) the air purifying system, we hired another
mechanic.
4. I enjoyed (to talk / talking) with many representatives from overseas branches.
5. You are strongly advised (to purchase / purchasing) medical insurance before
travelling overseas.
6. They are considering (to offer / offering) a special discount for the upcoming season.
7. We asked our reception staff (to check / checking) the registration list very carefully.
8. I wish (to get / getting) a job at a stable company after graduating.
9. Museum visitors are not permitted (to take / taking) photographs inside the building.
10. They postponed (to open / opening) a new branch in San Diego.
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Date: August 10
Subject: Employee Awards Night
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We have scheduled the ceremony ___________ awards to the company’s employees of the
11.Downloaded
A. present B. presents
by Ph??ng Thi (phxxthi12@gmail.com)
lOMoARcPSD|35834945
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LESSON 3
COMMON EXPRESSIONS FOLLOWED BY A GERUND –
VERBS FOLLOWED BY EITHER A GERUND OR A TO-INFINITIVE
1. Common Expressions Followed by a Gerund
Below are some common expressions followed by a gerund, which are useful not only
in the TOEIC test but also in daily life.
have difficulty V-ing can’t help V-ing
be busy V-ing can’t stand V-ing
spend (time/money) V-ing look forward to V-ing
there is no use V-ing be good/bad at V-ing
be worth V-ing be devoted to V-ing
feel like V-ing be used to V-ing
with a view to V-ing
be accustomed to V-ing
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They started to work on the project. / They started working on the project.
Verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive with meanings changed
Gerund To-infinitive
remember An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
forget An action that was done in the past An action that needs to be done in the future
Give up/quit what one is doing/what
stop Make a break/pause in order to do sth
one does
try Experimenting Making an effort
regret An action that was done in the past An action that going to be informed
A. Look at the following sentences and explain the meanings of the underlined
parts.
1. Don’t forget to submit the application form. An action that going to be informed
2. I forgot applying for the position, so I was surprised when they called me. An
action that was done in the past
3. I do not regret working at this company. An action that was done in the past
4. We regret to say that your proposal has been rejected after a careful review.
An action that going to be informed
5. We all try to get the best results.__ Making an effort _____________________
B. Choose the correct option to complete each sentence.
1. Please remember ____________ all the windows before you leave the office.
A. close B. closing C. closed D. to close
2. I do not regret ___________ my previous job, and I am pleased with my current one.
A. quit B. quitting C. to quit D. to quitting
PRACTICE
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12. The company has considered ______________ its branch to Boston for the past few
weeks.
A. relocation B. to relocate C. relocating D. relocated
13. Do not forget ___________ the application form before submitting it to Ms.
Radowich at the front desk.
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1b 2b 3c 4d
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5a 6c 7b 8c
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LESSON 5
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC QUESTIONS (2)
Part 5: Select the best answer that completes each sentence.
1a 2b 3c 4b 5b 6b 7a 8c
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1b 2a 3c
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4c 5b 6d
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7d 8a 9c 10b
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LESSON 6
COMPARISON OF EQUALITY
❶ The comparison of equality is used to compare two people or things that are equal in
quantity or characteristics. The structure is as + adjective / adverbs + as.
The new machine is as expensive as the old one.
The order was shipped as quickly as possible to the customer.
Please respond to this e-mail as promptly as you can.
Notes: not as / so …. as … is used to express that one person or thing is not
equal to the other.
My report is not as / so comprehensive as yours.
Another form of the comparison of equality is the structure the same (+noun) + as.
Nelly has the same dress as I do.
Nelly’s dress is the same as mine.
Some adverbs that can modify adjectives or adverbs in the comparison of equality
are nearly, almost, just.
The book, the second in a series, is nearly as exciting as the first.
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LESSON 7
COMPARATIVES
Comparative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to say that two things are different
in quality or quantity.
❶Form
1. Regular comparatives
...-er more...
fast – faster (1 syllable) difficult – more difficult (more than 2 syllables)
busy – busier (2 syllable adjective carefully – more carefully (more than 2
ending in –y) syllables)
2. Irregular comparatives
good / well – better bad / ill – worse far – farther / further
many / much – more little - less
❷Meaning
To say that two people or things are unequal in a particular way.
Public transportation is safer than driving.
Rachel works better than most of her co-workers.
The new building is more beautiful than the old one.
Dennis examined the proposal more carefully than his supervisor.
Special expressions of comparatives
1. The adverbs much, even, still, far, a lot are added to emphasize the comparative
structure.
The new program functions much better than the old one.
Our marketing team works even more efficiently than ever before.
2. The + comparative, the + comparative
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
The more salary you receive, the higher tax rate you have to pay.
–er / more … than expected / thought / scheduled / anticipated
Sales were higher than expected.
The components arrived earlier than scheduled.
Production was higher than anticipated.
A. Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.
1. Suburban residents would benefit from (cheaper / more cheap) transportation.
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2. The demand for our new vehicle is (much / more ) bigger than we had expected.
3. The (quiet / quieter ) the engine is , the more passengers feel comfortable while
traveling.
4. Data processing has become (much / so) faster than ever before.
5. Tommy has (good / better) qualifications than the other applicants.
6. Credit cards are issued more (easier / easily) now than in the past.
7. Using two chemicals together produces much (strong / stronger) results than
using one of them.
8. The larger a company is, (less / the less) satisfied its employees.
9. Please complete the budget report no later (than / as) September 24.
10. The dinner at the restaurant was (more / most) delicious than anticipated.
B. Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective
or adverb given in brackets.
1. (high) The cost was higher than they had said.
2. (soon) The meeting finished sooner than we had though it would.
3. (carefully) You should review the report more carefully.
4. (greatly) The exports increased more greatly than we had expected.
5. (fast) The oil prices are going to increase faster now.
6. (much, serious) The traffic jam is much more serious than before.
3. Sending the memos by fax is far ___________ than attempting to deliver them
by express mail.
A. quickest B. quickly C. quicker D. quick
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LESSON 8
SUPERLATIVES
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Superlative forms of adjectives or adverbs are used to single out one thing as having a
unique quality. They compare three or more people or things.
❶Form
1. Regular superlatives
....-est the most …
fast – fastest (1 syllable) difficult – the most difficult (more than
busy – busiest (2 syllable adjective 2 syllables)
ending in –y) diligently – the most diligently (more
than 2 syllables)
2. Irregular superlatives
good / well – better – the best bad / ill – worse – the worst
far – farther / further – the farthest / the furthest many / much – more – the most
little – less – the least
❷Meaning& Use
Used to pick out one person or things as having a unique quality
She earns the most at her company.
Mary seems the most successful of all the applicants / of all.
He is the most intelligent guy I’ve ever met.
Spring Park is the closest park in this area.
Special expressions of superlatives
1. The adverbs by far and quite are used to emphasize the superlative adjective /
adverb.
He was by far the worst roommate.
2. One of the + superlative + plural noun, at least, at most, at best, and at the latest.
She is one of the largest girls in the group.
I can drink at least six glasses of water a day.
Please submit the survey by next week at the latest.
A. Complete each sentence with the correct superlative form of the adjective or
adverb given in brackets.
1. (small) The company developed _________ laptop computer in the world.
2. (impressive) That was _the most impressive__________ presentation.
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37
10. In determining whether to close a bank branch, the impact on the majority of
community members is the __________ important factor.
A. very B. most C. much D. mostly
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LESSON 9
OTHER STRUCTURES OF COMPARISON
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The meal he had at the cafeteria left him more than satisfied.
no later than The superior expects us to come in to work no later than
7:00.
no longer Mary no longer uses make-up.
no sooner … No sooner did Peter put the phone down than it rang again.
than
other than Other than cornflakes, crispy bacon is her favorite breakfast
food.
rather than The demonstrator stood his ground rather than run away like
the others.
would rather … I would rather read a book at home than watch a movie at
than the theater.
❷The comparison of equality and the comparative may also be used to replace the
superlative form.
Comparative + than any other ….
This show is funnier than any other sitcoms on TV.
* This sentence is equivalent to This show is the funniest among all sitcoms on TV.
Have + never / hardly / rarely + been + comparative
Herbs have never been more popular than they are now.
No other …. / nothing + as + adjective + as
No other … / nothing + comparative + than
No other sitcom is as funny as this show.
When it comes to investing, nothing is more important than experience.
A. Decide which of the choices A, B, C or D best completes the sentence.
1. Customers wanting refunds must bring in the product and its receipt
___________ one week after the date of purchase.
A. no more than B. no later than C. no later as D. no more as
2. I would rather make the reservation now _________ risk not getting a ticket
down the road.
A. than B. else C. whereas D. rather
3. Garson’s Manufacturing boasts in its advertisement that it can produce steel robs
_________ than any other producer in the business.
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16. Please bring as much many samples as you can to the interview.
17. The number of people interested in world affairs is much high higher than it was
three years ago.
18. Since you are on the waiting list, you need to wait at the least a week to place an
order.
19. The more information we have about you, the better prepared we are to meet your
needs. correct
20. We would appreciate it if you turned in this file ten days from now at the latest.
LESSON 10
PRACTICE WITH TOEIC ACTUAL QUESTIONS
PRACTICE 1 1c 2a 3b 4d 5c
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6c 7c 8a 9d 10d 11d
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1b 2a 3d
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4c 5b 6c
PRACTICE 2
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1b 2c 3d 4d 5c 6b 7a 8a
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1b 2c 3a 4c
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5a 6c 7c 8d
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LESSON 11
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The San Antonio Education Center is proud to announce that it will hold early-
childhood development classes for the community. The program is designed
to prepare young children to enter kindergarten with the necessary language
skills. The classes are partially subsidized by the City Council, which will
reduce the economic burden on low-income families. People who are
interested in signing their children up for a class should get a registration form
at the center’s main office.
9. For the community of San Antonia.
Bayside Aquarium
This pass allows the holder to use the Bayside Aquarium parking area for one
day. This pass should be displayed on the vehicle’s dashboard while in the
parking lot. Any vehicle not displaying a pass will be towed at the owner’s
expense. Please note that the parking area closes 45 minutes after the
museum closes, and all vehicles must be removed by that time. Also, all
passes must be given to the parking attendant upon leaving.
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LESSON 12
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You are invited to the grand opening celebration of Honest Angie’s Furniture
on February 1. Bring this invitation for a special preview of our wide variety
of home and office furniture, from traditional handcrafted cabinets to
contemporary computer desks. The event will be held from 6:30 p.m. to
9:00 p.m. for invited guests only. As a special gift to our valued customers,
Honest Angie’s is extending a 20 percent discount on any purchases made
at the party. Please RSVP in advance.
a 20 percent discount on any
purchases made at the party
When will the event be held?
February 1, from 6:30 p.m. to 9:00
p.m
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LESSON 13
13
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This invoice is confirmation that your order for the following items has been
received:
- 10 boxes of Super Fine A4 paper ($10.50/box)
- 5 boxes of Black Gel pens ($6.95/box)
- 1 box of 3oz, paper cups ($3.00/box)
The total, including 10% sales tax, is $157.02. All orders of $100 and over are
exempt from shipping charges.
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Office Experts
200 Front Toronto, ON, M5J 1E3
(555) 458-1622
* The speakerphone you ordered is on back order. It will be sent out on January 27.
* Make all checks payable to Office Experts and send payment to the address above.
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LESSON 14
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LESSON 15
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The goal of Wellness Hotel is to make our facilities the most respected and
popular in Thailand. Please help us to do this by filling out this questionnaire.
Excellent Fair Poor
Helpfulness of staff √
Condition of rooms √
Quality of food √
Comments or suggestions: I have noticed that your facilities are not maintained
very well. The paint is chipping and the floors are dirty.
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Services
* Installation
Excellent Good Poor
Ease of rescheduling installation time √ √
Preparedness of staff (equipment and materials)
* Problems
Excellent Good Poor
Satisfaction with the problem’s resolution √
Timeliness of response to a complaint √
* Overall Satisfaction
Excellent Good Poor
Overall quality of Service √
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REFERENCES
1. Park HyeYeong&JeongJi Won (2012), ABC Toeic RC, NXB Tổnghợp TP HCM
&Côngty TNHH NhânTríViệt
2. David Cho (2012), Hackers TOEIC Start Reading, NXB Tổnghợp TP HCM
&Côngty TNHH NhânTríViệt
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