Court- a governmental body officially assembled under the authority of law at the appropriate

time and place for the administration of justice through which the state enforces its sovereign
rights and power.
- an organ of the government belonging to the judicial department who's function is the
application of the laws to controversies brought before it and public administration of justice.

- a body to which the public administration of justice is delegate through sovereign rights and
power.

JUDGE- a public officer so named in his commission and appointed to preside over and to
administer the law in a courtyard of justice.

RA. 129- otherwise known as the Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1989.

JURISDICTION - the power and authority of A court to hear, try and decide cases.
- is the authority of the court to hear and try a particular offence and to impose the punishment
provided by law.

JUDICIAL POWER - the power to apply the laws to contest or disputed concerning legally
recognized rights or duties of and between the state and the private persons or in between
individual litigants in cases properly brought before the judicial tribunals.

- the authority to settle justifiable controversies or disputes involving rights that are enforceable
and demandable before the courts of justice.

Municipal Circuit Trial court

-one in each area defined as a municipal Circuit comprising one more cities and /or one or
more municipalities grouped together according to law. Cases 4years 2months and 1day. Cases
with fine of 4,000 below under MCT.

REGIONAL TRIAL COURT - presided by 720 judges in each of the regions of the country,
has general jurisdiction over criminal cases.

-Has jurisdiction over:

Violations of city or municipal ordinances, offenses punishable with imprisonment not
exceeding six years or fine of not than P400,00 or both.
- issuance

Court of Appeals:
- Composed of 69 justices, headed by Presiding Justice
- Operates in 23 divisions, each comprising three(3) members

- Sits an branc only to exercise adminstrative, ceremonial or other non-adjudicatory functions

- Has appellate jurisdiction over cases decide by the RTC
- Has the power to order a new trial .

SANDIGANBAYAN :
- Created pursuant to PD 1606

-Composed of fifteen (15) justice,headed by Presiding judge

- Operates in five(5) divisions each comprising three(3) members
- Tasked to handle criminal cases involving graft and corruption and other offences committed
by public officers and employees in connection with the performance of their functions.

KINDS OF JURISDICTION OF COURT:

1. General - When it is an empowered decide all disputes which many come before except
those assigned to other courts (e.g. jurisdiction of the RTC).

2. Limited- When it has authority to hear and determine only a few specified cases (e.g.
Jurisdiction of special Court).

3. Original - When it can try and hear a case presented fir the first time.

4. Appellate - When it can try and heard and decide by a lower court, removed from the latter
by appeal.

5. Exclusive- When it can try and decide a case which cannot be presented before any other
court
6. Concurrent- when any of two courts may take cognizance of a case.

7. Criminal - that which exits for the punishment of crime.

8. Civil- that which exists when the subject matter is not criminal in nature(e.g. annulment,
adoption, child custody).

CONTENTS OF JUDGEMENT:

a). Judgement of conviction:

- the legal qualification of the offense constituted by the acts committed by the accused and
the aggravating or mitigating circumstances which attended commission

- the participation of the accused in the offense, whether as principal, accomplice or accessory
after the fact .
- the penalty imposed upon the accused.

-the civil liability or damages caused by his wrongful act or omission to be recovered from the
accused by the offended party unless the enforcement of the civil liability by a separate civil
action has been reserved or waived.

b). Judgement of acquittal:

- shall state whether the evidences of the prosecution absolutely failed to prove the guilt of the
accused of merely failed to prove his guilt beyond reasonable doubt.

PROCLAMATION OF JUDGEMENT:
- By reading the presence of the accused and any judge of the court in which it was rendered.
- if the judge is absent the judgement maybe promulgated by the cleck of court.