Creative WritingModule 3

Lyceum of Cebu,
Inc.
SANTANDER CAMPUS
Brgy.Looc, Santander Cebu
Tel# 492- 0345, email: locsantandercampus2007@gmail.com
CREATIVE WRITING (MODULE 1)
Topic: Various elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms of poetry
I. OVERVIEW
Good day, everyone! In this module, we will deepen your understanding about poetry
and its elements, literary devices, and techniques. As you dig deeper in this module,
you will acquire knowledge that will help you in completing this module.
A. Learning Competency
1. Identify the various elements, techniques, and literary devices in specific forms
of poetry
2. Write a short poem applying the various elements and literary devices exploring
innovative techniques
B. Specific Learning Objectives
The learners will be able to:
1. Name the various elements in specific forms of poetry; and

2. identify the different forms of poetry.
CREATIVE WRITING Page 1

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II. LET’S BEGIN

Poetry has remained a vital part of art
and culture. Like other forms of
literature, poetry is made to express
thoughts and emotions in a creative and
imaginative way. It conveys thoughts and
feelings, describes a scene or tells a story
in a concentrated, lyrical arrangement of
words.
Try to watch this famous spoken word

poetry by Juan Miguel Severo titled "Ang Huling Tula na Isusulat Ko para sa 'Yo" Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tejS6M3NAdg
III. LET’S DIG DEEPER
Let us read more about poetry its elements and forms.
What is Poetry?
Poetry is a form of literature which allows the writers who called to be “poets” to express
their thoughts, feelings, emotions, and ideas about a particular theme or topic.
Theme is the lesson about life or statement about human nature that the poem expresses.
– Though related to the concept of a moral, or lesson, themes are usually more
complicated and ambiguous.
– To describe the theme of a poem is to discuss the overarching abstract idea or ideas
being examined in the poem.
– A major theme is an idea that a writer repeats in his work, making it the most significant
idea in a literary work.
– A minor theme, on the other hand, refers to an idea that appears in a work briefly and
gives way to another minor theme.

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Theme Vs Subject
– A poem’s subject is the topic of the poem, or what the poem is about
– The theme is an idea that the poem expresses about the subject or uses the subject to
explore
– Example:
So, for example, in the Edgar Allan Poe poem “The Raven”, the subject is the raven,
who continually repeats a single word in response to the speaker’s questions.
– The theme of the poem, however, is the irreversibility of death—the speaker asks the
raven, in a variety of ways, whether or not he will see his dead beloved again, to which
the raven always replies “nevermore.”
Tone
In fact, it suggests two attitudes: one concerning the people you’re addressing (your
audience) and the other concerning the thing you’re talking about (your subject). That’s
what the term tone means when it’s applied to poetry as well. Tone can also mean the
general emotional weather of the poem.
– the attitude expressed in a poem that a reader sees and feels
– the writer’s attitude toward the subject or audience
STRUCTURE OF POETRY
One significant way to analyse poems is by looking into the stanza structure and the form of
the poem. Generally speaking, structure refers to the overall organization of lines and/or the
conventional patterns of sound. However, various modern poems may not have particular
structure.
Form is the appearance of the words on the page of the reference. It may be different
nowadays since layout artist may simply adjust and create the desired form of poem.
STANZA
In poetry, a stanza is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter, or rhyming
scheme. Stanzas in poetry are similar to paragraphs in prose. Both stanzas and paragraphs
include connected thoughts, and are set off by a space. The number of lines varies in

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different kinds of stanzas, but it is uncommon for a stanza to have more than twelve lines.
Identifying the stanza is done by counting the number of lines.
• couplet (2 lines)
• tercet (3 lines)
• quatrain (4 lines)  cinquain (5 lines)
• sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it's called a sexain)
• septet (7 lines)
• octave (8 lines)
SOUND
Rhythm is the basic beat in a line of a poem.
Example: “Whose woods these are, I think I know” is the first line from “Stopping by Woods
on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost. Notice that the accented words (underlined) give the
line a distinctive beat.
Internal Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of words within a line.
Example: A line showing internal rhyme from
When they said the time to hide was mine,
“The Rabbit” by Elizabeth Maddox Roberts
End Rhyme has same or similar sounds at the end of words that finish different lines.
Example: The following are the first two rhyming lines from “The King of Cats Sends a
Postcard to His Wife” by Nancy Willard:
Keep your whiskers crisp and clean,
Do not let the mice grow lean,
Hector the Collector Collected

bits of string.
Collected dolls with broken heads
And rusty bells that would not ring.
Rhyme Scheme is a pattern of rhyme in a poem. A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme

(usually end rhyme, but not always).

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Example: A quatrain – a stanza of four lines in which the second and fourth lines rhyme – has
the following rhyme scheme: abcb (see Quatrain).
The Germ by Ogden Nash
A mighty creature is the germ, a
Though smaller than the pachyderm. a
His customary dwelling place b
Is deep within the human race. b
His childish pride he often pleases c
By giving people strange diseases. c
Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? a
You probably contain a germ. A
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within words in a line. Example: A line showing
assonance (underlined) from “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement Clarke Moore:
The children were nestled all snug in their beds
Sounds of a for words like Lake Fate Base Fade
Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds within words in a line.

Example: A line showing consonance (underlined) from “A Visit from Saint Nicholas” by Clement
Clarke Moore: Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse
“silken, sad, uncertain, rustling . . “
Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Example: Notice the alliteration (underlined) in “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the
Garbage Out” by Shel Silverstein.
Tongue Twisters are perfect examples of Alliteration
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter
Piper pick?
Onomatopoeia are words that sound like their meaning.

Example: buzz, swish, hiss, gulp
Repetition is sounds, words, or phrases that are repeated to add emphasis or create rhythm.

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Parallelism is a form of repetition.

Examples: Two lines from “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll showing parallelism:
Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Refrain is a line or stanza repeated over and over in a poem or song.

Example: In “Jingle Bells,” the following refrain is repeated after every stanza:
Jingle Bells, jingle bells, Jingle all the
way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride In
a one-horse open sleigh!
Word Play is to play with the sounds and meanings of real or invented words. Example:
Two lines from the poem “Synonyms” by Susan Moger:
Claptrap, bombast, rodomontade,
Hogwash, jargon, and rant
Meter is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Meter happens when the stressed and
unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. In meter, when
poets write, they need to count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed
(weak) syllables for each line. They repeat the pattern throughout the poem.
FOOT
It is a unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables. Usually consists of one stressed and
one or more unstressed syllables.
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
(Poems may contain some or all elements of fiction. For example, a narrative poem (a poem
that tells a story) may contain all elements.)
Setting is the time and place where a story or poem

takes place.

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Point of View / Narrative Voice

Is the person narrating a story or poem? story/poem could be narrated in first person (I,
we), second person (you), or third person limited or omniscient (he/she, they).
Characterization
is the development of the characters in a story or poem (what they look like, what they
say and do, what their personalities are like, what they think and feel, and how they are
referred to or treated by others).
Dialog or Dialogue is the conversation between the characters

in a story or poem.
Dialect or Colloquial Language is the style of speaking of the narrator and the
characters in a story or poem (according to their region, period, and social expectations).
Conflict is the problem or situation a character or characters face in a story

or poem.
Plot is the series of events in a story or

poem.
Tone and Voice are the distinctive, idiosyncratic way a narrator has of telling a story or
poem (tone and voice depend on the intended audience, the purpose for writing, and
the way the writer or poem feels about his/her subject).
Style is the way a writer uses words to craft a story or

poem.
Mood
is the feelings and emotions the writer wants the reader to experience.
Theme and Message

Is the main topic of a story or poem, and the message the author or poet wants to
convey about that topic?

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FORMS OF POETRY
A poem may or may not have a specific number of lines, rhyme scheme and/or metrical
pattern, but it can still be labelled according to its form or style. Here are the three most
common types of poems according to form
1. Lyric Poetry
It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet) who expresses strong
thoughts and feelings. Most poems, especially modern ones, are lyric poems.
a. Ode.
An ode is a lyric poem that praises an individual, an idea or an event. The length is usually
moderate, the subject is serious, the style is elevated and the stanza pattern is elaborate.
In Ancient Greece, odes were originally accompanied by music. In fact, the word “ode”
comes from the Greek word aeidein, which means to sing or to dance.
Example: “Ode to the West Wind” by Percy Bysshe Shelley Scatter, as from an
unextinguish’d hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips
to unawaken’d earth the trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be
far behind?
b. Elegy.
An elegy is written with a purpose to “mourn the dead”. It usually begins by reminiscing
about the dead person, then weeps for the reason of death, and then resolves the grief
by concluding that death leads to immortality. It has no set stanza or metrical pattern. It
often uses "apostrophe" as a literary technique.
c. Sonnet.
It is a lyric poem consisting of 14 lines and, in the English version, is usually written in
iambic pentameter. The three basic kinds of sonnets are:
- Italian/Petrarchan sonnet is named after Petrarch, an Italian Renaissance poet. The
Petrarchan sonnet consists of an octave (eight lines) and a sestet (six lines). It tends
to divide the thought into two parts (argument and conclusion). The rhyming pattern

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is ABBA ABBA CDECDE, or some accepted sestet such as CDCCDC, CDDCDE or

CDCDCD
- Shakespearean sonnet consists of three quatrains (four lines each) and a concluding
couplet (two lines). The final couplet is the summary. The rhyming pattern is ABAB
CDCD EFEF GG.
- Spenserian Sonnet is divided into three quatrains, or segments of four lines,
followed by a rhyming couplet. The rhyming pattern is usually ABAB BCBC CDCD EE.
2. Narrative Poetry.
It is a poem that tells a story; its structure resembles the plot line of a story [i.e. the
introduction of conflict and characters, rising action, climax and the denouement. The
most common types of narrative poetry are ballad and epic.
a. Ballad.
It is a narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be sung. A ballad is usually
organized into quatrains or cinquains, has a simple rhythm structure, and tells the
tales of ordinary people. Example: Excerpt from “Annabel Lee” by Edgar Allan Poe
b. Epic.
It is a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or
historical hero. Examples of epic include Iliad by Homer, Beowulf, The Divine Comedy
by Dante Alighieri, Metamorphoses by Ovid and many more.
3. Descriptive Poetry.
It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the speaker. It uses elaborate
imagery and adjectives. While emotional, it is more "outward-focused" than lyric poetry,
which is more personal and introspective.
4. OTHER FORMS OF POETRY
a. Haiku.
It has an unrhymed verse form having three lines (a tercet) and usually 5,7,5
syllables, respectively. It is usually considered a lyric poem.
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b. Limerick.
It has a very structured poem, usually humorous & composed of five lines (a
cinquain), in an AABBA rhyming pattern; beat must be anapestic (weak, weak,
strong) with 3 feet in lines 1, 2, & 5 and 2 feet in lines 3 & 4. It is usually a narrative
poem based upon a short and often ribald anecdote.
IV. WE’RE ON OUR WAY (Quiz no. 3.1)
Let us practice what you have learned about poetry its elements and its form by answering
this exercise.
IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Give what is asked. YOUR ANSWER SHOULD BE IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS.
1. It is a division of four or more lines having a fixed length, meter, or rhyming scheme.
2. It is the repetition of vowel sounds within words in a line.
3. It is a form of literature which allows the writers who called to be “poets” to express
their thoughts, feelings, emotions, and ideas about a particular theme or topic.
4. It is any poem with one speaker who expresses strong thoughts and feelings.
5. It is a pattern of rhyme in a poem.
6. It is a narrative poem that has a musical rhythm and can be sung.
7. It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the speaker.
8. It is the repetition of consonant sounds within words in a line.
9. It is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.
10. It is written with a purpose to “mourn the dead”.
V. HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE? (Quiz no. 3.2)

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You have already practiced what you have learned from this module, now let us evaluate
what you have learned by answering this assessment test.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the letter of your chosen answer.
1. It is the feelings and emotions the writer wants the reader to experience.
a. theme
b. tone
c. mood
2. it is the basic beat in a line of a poem.
a. Stanza
b. Rhythm
c. Meter
3. It is the lesson about life or statement about human nature that the poem expresses. a.
Genre
b. Theme
c. Moral
4. It is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.
a. Stanza
b. Rhythm
c. Meter
5. They are are the distinctive, idiosyncratic way a narrator has of telling a story or poem a.
Tone and voice
b. Theme and message
c. Rhyme and meter
6. Jenny wants to write a poem about the life story of her best friend. What form of poetry
is best suitable?
a. Lyric poetry
b. Narrative poetry
c. Descriptive poetry
7. Arthur wants to write a poem about his surroundings. What form of poetry is best
suitable?
a. Lyric poetry

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b. Narrative poetry
8. Chris wants to write a poem about his thoughts and feelings. What form of poetry is best
suitable?
a. Lyric poetry
b. Narrative poetry
9. Joanna is sad because her father died, so she decided to write a poem. what type of lyric
poetry is most suitable?
a. Ode
b. Elegy
c. Sonnet
10. What type of lyric poetry is written in iambic pentameter?
a. Ode
b. Elegy
c. Sonnet

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VI. WALKING THE EXTRA MILE

PERFORMANCE CHECK
GOAL: Produce a short, well-crafted poem
ROLE: Poet
AUDIENCE: Other poets in the Poets’ convention
SITUATIONS: Imagine that you are a poet and you are to write a poem for the “Poets’
Convention”
1. Write a lyric poetry about death (your idea of death or death of a loved one)
2. Your poem should have 4 stanzas and 4 lines each stanza.
3. Your poem should possess at least 3 elements of a fiction.
4. Your poem should have end rhymes.
5. Place it in a short bond paper.
PRODUCT: LYRIC POETRY
STANDARD: Your work will be judged according the attached rubric(s).
CATEGORY Exceptional Good Work Developing Beginning
Focus on The entire poem is Most of the poem is Some of the poem is No attempt has been
related to the related to the related to the made to relate the
Assigned Topic assigned topic and assigned topic. The assigned topic, but a poem to the
allows the reader to poem wanders off at reader does not assigned topic.
understand much one point, but the learn much about the
more about the topic. reader can still learn topic.
something about the
topic.
Creativity The poem contains The poem contains a The poem contains a There is little
many creative details few creative details few creative details evidence of creativity
and/or descriptions and/or descriptions and/or descriptions, in the poem. The
that contribute to the that contribute to the but they distract from author does not
reader's enjoyment. reader's enjoyment. the poem. The seem to have used
The author has really The author has used author has tried to much imagination.
used his imagination. his imagination. use his imagination.

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Spelling and There are no spelling There is one spelling There are 2-3 spelling The final draft has
Punctuation or punctuation errors or punctuation error and punctuation more than 3 spelling
in the final draft. in the final draft. errors in the final and punctuation
draft. errors.
Title Title is creative, Title is related to the Title is present, but No title.
sparks interest and is poem and topic. does not appear to be
related to the poem related to the poem
and topic. and topic.
Imagery Many vivid, Some vivid, The reader can figure The reader has
descriptive words are descriptive words are out what to picture in trouble figuring out
used. The reader can used. The reader can the poem, but the what imagery the
picture the imagery in somewhat picture the author didn't supply poem is using and
the poem. imagery in the poem. much detail. what the author
wants him/her to
picture.
VII. REFERENCES
1. (2017, September 3). Stanza - Examples and Definition of Stanza. Literary Devices.
https://literarydevices.net/stanza/
2. Elements of Poetry. (n.d.). Lexicon. Retrieved November 12, 2020, from
https://learn.lexiconic.net/elementsofpoetry.htm
3. [Photo]. (n.d.). Google.
https://www.google.com/search?q=poetry&sxsrf=ALeKk03Gz32vMUkR8okUFckununmd1m0zw:
1605169111981&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj45-
T1yPzsAhWD2EKHWFPD60Q_AUoAXoECA0QAw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=A-HlPySrBUzGOM

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Lyceum of Cebu,

CREATIVE WRITING (MODULE 1)

B. Specific Learning Objectives

The learners will be able to:

1. Name the various elements in specific forms of poetry; and

CREATIVE WRITING Page 1

II. LET’S BEGIN

Try to watch this famous spoken word

III. LET’S DIG DEEPER

Let us read more about poetry its elements and forms.

CREATIVE WRITING Page 2

CREATIVE WRITING Page 3

Hector the Collector Collected

Rhyme Scheme is a pattern of rhyme in a poem. A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme

CREATIVE WRITING Page 4

Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds within words in a line.

Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Onomatopoeia are words that sound like their meaning.

CREATIVE WRITING Page 5

Parallelism is a form of repetition.

Refrain is a line or stanza repeated over and over in a poem or song.

Setting is the time and place where a story or poem

CREATIVE WRITING Page 6

Point of View / Narrative Voice

Dialog or Dialogue is the conversation between the characters

Conflict is the problem or situation a character or characters face in a story

Plot is the series of events in a story or

Style is the way a writer uses words to craft a story or

Theme and Message

CREATIVE WRITING Page 7

CREATIVE WRITING Page 8

is ABBA ABBA CDECDE, or some accepted sestet such as CDCCDC, CDDCDE or

4. OTHER FORMS OF POETRY

IV. WE’RE ON OUR WAY (Quiz no. 3.1)

V. HOW FAR HAVE WE GONE? (Quiz no. 3.2)

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VI. WALKING THE EXTRA MILE

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