1.

[1 mark]

Mars and Earth act as black bodies. The

and .

What is the value of ?

A.

B.

C.

D.

2. [1 mark]

A black body emits radiation with its greatest intensity at a wavelength of I max. The surface temperature
of the black body doubles without any other change occurring. What is the wavelength at which the
greatest intensity of radiation is emitted?

A. Imax

B.

C.

D.

3a. [2 marks]

The Sun has a radius of 7.0×108m and is a distance 1.5×1011 m from Earth. The surface temperature of
the Sun is 5800 K.

1
 Show that the intensity of the solar radiation incident on the upper atmosphere of the Earth is
approximately 1400Wm−2.

4b. [2 marks]

The albedo of the atmosphere is 0.30. Deduce that the average intensity over the entire surface of the
Earth is 245Wm−2.

4c. [2 marks]

Estimate the average surface temperature of the Earth.

2
5. [1 mark]

It is suggested that the solar power incident at a point on the Earth’s surface depends on

I. daily variations in the Sun’s power output

II. the location of the point

III. the cloud cover at the point.

Which suggestion(s) is/are correct?

A. III only

B. I and II only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

6. [1 mark]

A body X of emissivity e is at temperature T1. X is inside a box whose walls act as a black body of
temperature T2. T1 is greater than T2.

What is the net intensity of radiation leaving body X?

A.

B.

3
 C.

D.

7. [1 mark]

The average surface temperature of Mars is approximately 200 K and the average surface temperature
of Earth is approximately 300 K. Mars has a radius half that of Earth. Assume that both Mars and Earth
act as black bodies.

What is ?

A. 20
B. 5
C. 0.2
D. 0.05

8. [1 mark]

A black body has kelvin temperature T and surface area A. The total power radiated by the body is P.
What is the new power radiated when T is doubled and A is halved?

A. 4P
B. 8P
C. 16P
D. 32P

9. [1 mark]

Changes in the climate are leading to a reduction in ice cover on Earth. Which of the following
describes, for Earth, the change in albedo and the change in the rate of energy absorption?

4
10. [1 mark]

The albedo for the oceans is lower than that for glaciers. This is because, compared to ice, sea water

A. has a greater density.

B. has a greater specific heat capacity.

C. has a greater coefficient of volume expansion.

D. absorbs a greater amount of radiative power.