DSP Record

Digital Signal Processing Lab
Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Ex.No:01 Generation of Signals Using Matlab Function.
Aim:
To Study the following Mat lab Function of Standard Commands and Write the
simple program of signal.
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Software: MATLAB 2011a Version.
Algorithm:
1. Start the program.
2. Get the value of length of the sequence N.
3. Give the steps to generate Unit Step, Unit Impulse, Unit Ramp, Sine Signal, Cosine
Signal and Exponential Signal.
4. Output is generated in discrete format.
5. Terminate the Process.
Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
N=input('Enter the length of the sequence:');
% Generation of Unit Step Sequence

t=-N :1 :N;
x=[zeros(1,N), ones(1,N+1)];
subplot(2,3,1);
stem(t,x);
xlabel('n samples');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Generation of Unit Step Sequence');

Input:
Output:

% Generation of Unit Impulse Signal

x1=[zeros(1,N),ones(1,1),zeros(1,N)];
subplot(2,3,2);
stem(t,x1);
title('Generation of Unit Impulse Signal’);
% Generation of Unit Ramp Signal

r=[zeros(1,N), 0 :N]
subplot(2,3,3);
stem(t,r);
ylabel('amplitude');
title('Generation of Unit Ramp Signal');
% Generation of Sine Signal

t=0:0.1:2*pi;
x3=sin(t);
subplot(2,3,4);
stem(t,x3);
xlabel('Time');
title('Generation of Sine Signal');
% Generation of CoSine Signal'

x4=cos(t);
subplot(2,3,5);
stem(t,x4);
xlabel('Time---');
ylabel('Amplitude---’);
Title('Generation of Cosine signal');
% Generation of Exponential Signal'
x5=exp(t);
subplot(2,3,6);


stem(t,x5);
xlabel('Exponential');
Title('Generation of Exponential sequence');
Continuous Assessment
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks
1. Preparation and Conduct

50
of experiments
2. Observation & Result 30
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB program for generation of basic signals is executed and waveforms are
plotted successfully.

EX.No:02 Implementation of DIT and DIF Algorithms.

Aim:
To write a MATLAB Program to obtain discrete Fourier transform for the
system given in any form of the sequence using FFT algorithm and verify manual and
practical value.
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Algorithm:
2. Get the finite duration sequence x(n).
3. Calculate the value of N.
4. DFT is calculated using DIT and DIF algorithm.
a. Calculate the magnitude response.
b. Plot the magnitude response.
5. Verify manual and built in function values.
6. Terminate the process.
Program:
% DIT Algorithm
clc;
clear all
close all
xn=input('enter the sequence: ');
N=input('enter the length: ');
p=length(xn);
if N>p
xn=[xn,zeros(1,N-p)];
else
xn=xn;
end
lev=log2(N);
Input:

Output:
x=bitrevorder(xn);
tw=exp(-i*2*pi*(0:N/2-1)/N);
for levn=1:lev;

L=2^levn;
twl=tw(1:N/L:N/2);
for k=0:L:N-L;
for n=0:L/2-1;
A=x(n+k+1);
B=x(n+k+(L/2)+1)*twl(n+1);
x(n+k+1)=A+B;
x(n+k+(L/2)+1)=A-B;
end
end
end
x
l=0:N-1;
subplot(3,2,1),stem(l,xn);
title('input');
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x[n]');
subplot(3,2,2),stem(l,abs(x));
title('FFT using DIT algorithm');
xlabel('k');
ylabel('X[k]');
subplot(3,2,3),stem(l,abs(fft(xn)));
title('FFT using function');
xlabel('k');
ylabel('X[k]');
ansft=fft(xn)
%ifft
N=length(x);
xn1=conj(x);
lev=log2(N);
x1=bitrevorder(xn1);
tw=exp(-2i*pi*(0:N/2-1)/N);
for levn=1:lev;
L=2^levn;
twl=tw(1:N/L:N/2);
Input:

Output:
for k=0:L:N-L
for n=0:L/2-1

A=x1(n+k+1);
B=x1(n+k+(L/2)+1)*twl(n+1);
x1(n+k+1)=A+B;
x1(n+k+(L/2)+1)=A-B;
end
end
end
X=conj(x1)/N
subplot(3,2,4);stem(l,abs(X));
title('IFFT using DIT algorithm');
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x[n]');
subplot(3,2,5);stem(l,abs(ifft(x)));
title('IFFT using function’);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x[n]');
ansift=ifft(x)
% DIF ALGORITHM
clc;
clear all;
close all;
xn=input('enter a sequence:');
p=length(xn);
N=input('Enter the value of N ');
if N>p
xn=[xn,zeros(1,N-p)];
else
xn=xn;
end
x=xn;
lev=log2(N);
tw=exp(-2i*pi*(0:N/2-1)/N);
for level=lev:-1:1;
L=2^level;
twlvl=tw(1:N/L:N/2);
for k=0:L:N-L;
Input:

Output:
for n=0:L/2-1;
A=x(n+k+1);
B=x(n+k+(L/2)+1);

x(n+k+1)=A+B;
x(n+k+(L/2)+1)=(A-B)*twlvl(n+1);
end
end
end
XK=bitrevorder(x);
l=0:N-1;
subplot(3,2,1),stem(l,abs(xn));
title('input’);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x[n]');
subplot(3,2,2),stem(l,abs(XK));
title('FFT using DIF algorithm');
xlabel('k');ylabel('X[k]');
ansft=fft(xn)
subplot(3,2,3),stem(l,abs(fft(xn)));
title('FFT using function');
xlabel('k');ylabel('X[k]');
%ifft
x1=conj(XK);
levels=log2(N);
tw=exp(-2i*pi*(0:N/2-1)/N);
for level=levels:-1:1;
L=2^level;
twlvl=tw(1:N/L:N/2);
for k=0:L:N-L;
for n=0:L/2-1;
A=x1(n+k+1);
B=x1(n+k+(L/2)+1);
x1(n+k+1)=A+B;
x1(n+k+(L/2)+1)=(A-B)*twlvl(n+1);
end
end
end
x=bitrevorder(x1);
Input:

Output:
xk=conj(x)/N
ansift=ifft(XK)
subplot(3,2,4),stem(l,abs(xk));
title('IFFT using DIF algorithm-');

xlabel('n');
ylabel('x[n]');
subplot(3,2,5),stem(l,abs(ansift));
title('IFFT using function');
xlabel('n');ylabel('x[n]');
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB Programs for FFT using DIF and DIT Algorithm for the given finite
duration were generated using program and inbuilt function and is plotted successfully.

EX.NO:03 Implementation of Linear and Circular Convolution
Aim:
To write a MATLAB Program to obtain the linear and circular convolution between
two finite duration sequence h(n) and x(n) and calculate FFT sequence.
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Algorithm:
2. Get the input sequence.
3. Get the impulse sequence.
4. Write coding to find out the linear convolution and circular convolution.
5. Plot the convolution sequence.
6. Terminate the process.
Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter the input sequence');
h=input('enter the impulse sequence');
m=length(x);
n=length(h);
X=[x, zeros(1,n-1)];
H=[h, zeros(1,m-1)];
for i=1:n+m-1
y(i)=0;
for j=1:m
if(i-j+1>0)
y(i)=y(i)+X(j)*H(i-j+1);
Input:
Output:

else
end
end
end
y
Y=conv(x,h)
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n samples--->');
ylabel('amplitude--->');
title('input signal');

subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
xlabel('n samples--->');
ylabel('amplitude--->');
title('impulse signal');
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('n samples-->');
ylabel('amplitude-->');
title('Linear Convolution using program');
stem(Y);
xlabel('n samples-->');
ylabel('amplitude-->');
title('Linear Convolution using function’);
Circular Convolution
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('Enter the input sequences x(n):');
m=length(x);
h=input('Enter the impulse response h(n)');
n=length(h);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
title('Input sequencce x(n)');
xlabel('n ---->');
ylabel('x(n) ---->');
grid; subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
title('Impulse response h(n)');
xlabel('n ---->');
ylabel('h(n) ---->');
if(m-n~=0)
if(m>n)
h=[h,zeros(1,m-n)];
Input:
Output:

n=m;
end
if(n>m)
x=[x,zeros(1,n-m)];
disp('circular convolution of x(n) & h(n) is y(n):');
if(m-n~=0)
if(m>n)
h=[h,zeros(1,m-n)];
n=m;
end
if(n>m)

x=[x,zeros(1,n-m)];
m=n;
end
end
a=zeros(m,m)
a(:,1)=x
for i=1:n-1
a(:,i+1)=[a(n,i);a(1:n-1,i);
end
h1(:,1)=h;
y1=a*h1;
y(1,:)=y1;
y
subplot(2,2,3),stem(y);
title('convolution of x(n) & h(n)');
xlabel('n ---->');
ylabel('y(n) ---->');
Y=circonv(x,h,m)
subplot(2,2,3),stem(y);
title('convolution of x(n) & h(n) using inbuilt function');
xlabel('n ---->');
ylabel('y(n) ---->');


Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB Program for linear and Circular convolution through program and inbuilt
function was generated and plotted successfully.

E.NO:04 Implementation of FIR Filter Design.

Aim:
To write a MATLAB Program to generate and plot the window technique.
1. Rectangular
2. Hanning
3. Hamming
4. Blackman
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Software: MATLAB 2011a Version
Algorithm:
2. Get the pass band and stop band ripples.
3. Get the stop and pass band frequency.
4. Get the sampling frequency.
5. Calculate the order of the filter (N=-20log10 (sqrt (rp*rs)) 13), dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f.
6. Find the windows co-efficient using particular windows formula.
7. Draw the magnitude and phase response.
8. Terminate the program.
Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
rp=input('Enter the Pass Band Ripple:');
rs=input('Enter the Stop Band Ripple :');
fp=input('Enter the Pass Band Frequency :');
fs=input('Enter the Stop Band Frequency :');
f=input('Enter the Sampling Frequency :');

Input:
Enter the pass band ripple: 0.05
Enter the stop band ripple: 0.04
Enter the pass band freq: 1500
Enter the stop band freq: 2000
Enter the sampling freq: 9000
Output:
Rectangular window filter response

wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
If(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
y=boxcar(n1);
Disp ('rectangular window filter response');
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,1);[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('LPF');
ylabel('Gain in dB');
xlabel('(a) Normalized Frequency');
b=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
b=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('BSF');
xlabel('(d) Normalized Frequency');
Input:

Enter the pass band ripple: 0.03
Enter the stop band ripple: 0.01
Output:
Hamming window filter response
clc;
clear all;
close all;


wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
If(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
y=hamming(n1);
Disp('hamming window filter response');
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('LPF');
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('BSF');

Input:
Enter the pass band ripple: .03
Enter the stop band ripple: .01
Output:
Hanning window filter response
clc;
clear all;

close all;
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
If(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
y=hanning(n1);
Disp ('hanning window filter response');
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('LPF');
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('BSF');

Input:
Enter the pass band ripple: .02
Enter the stop band ripple: .01
Enter the beta value: 5.8
Output:
Blackmann window filter response

clear all;
close all;
wp=2*fp/f;
ws=2*fs/f;
dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;
n=ceil(num/dem);
n1=n+1;
If(rem(n,2)~=0)
n1=n;
n=n-1;
end
y=blackman(n1);
Disp('Blackman Window Filter Response');
b=fir1(n,wp,y);
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('LPF');
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);
m=20*log10(abs(h));
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(o/pi,m);
Title('BSF');


Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB Program for windows function rectangular, hamming, hanning and
blackmann were generated and plotted successfully

EX.NO:05 Implementation of IIR Filter Design.

Aim:
To write a MATLAB Program to generate and plot the magnitude and phase
Response of IIR filter Digital filter.
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Software: MATLAB 2011a Version
Algorithm:
2. Use the given specification value and find the required coefficients.
3. Plot the magnitude and phase response.
Program:

1.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR Low Pass filter using bilinear
transformation by taking T=0.1 seconds, to satisfy the following Specifications.
0.6≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.35π

|H(ejω)| ≤0.1;for 0.7π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.6;
AS=0.1;
PEF=0.35*pi;
SEF=0.7*pi;
T=0.1;
alphap=-20*log10(AP)
alphas=-20*log10(AS)
PEFA=(2/T)*tan((PEF/2))
SEFA=(2/T)*tan((SEF/2))
[N,CF]=buttord(PEFA,SEFA,alphap,alphas,'s')
[Bn,An]=butter(N,1,'s');
display('Normalised Transfer Function is,')
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
[B,A]=butter(N,CF,'s');
display('Un Normalised Transfer Function is,')
Hs=tf(B,A)
[num,den]=bilinear(B,A,1/T);
display('Digital Transfer Function is,')
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
display('Frequency Response is,')
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
display('Magnitude Response is,')
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
plot(w/pi,Hw_mag,'k');
grid;
title('Magnitude Response of Second order Low pass Filter');
xlabel('Normalised Frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude');
Input:

Output:
2.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR High Pass filter using bilinear
0.6≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0.7π ≤ω≤π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.1;for 0≤ω≤0.35π

clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.6;
AS=0.1;
PEF=0.35*pi;
SEF=0.7*pi;
T=0.1;
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
[B,A]=butter(N,CF,'high','s');
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
Input:

Output:
3.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR Low Pass filter using bilinear
0.707≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.45π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.2;for 0.65π≤ω≤π

clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.707;
AS=0.2;
PEF=0.45*pi;
SEF=0.65*pi;
T=0.5;
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
title('Magnitude Response of Third order Low pass Filter');
Input:

Output:
4.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR High Pass filter using bilinear
0.707≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0.65π ≤ω≤π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.2;for 0≤ω≤0.45π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.707;
AS=0.2;
PEF=0.45*pi;
SEF=0.65*pi;
T=0.5;
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
[B,A]=butter(N,CF,'high','s');
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
title('Magnitude Response of Third order High pass Filter');
Input:
Output:

5.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR Low Pass filter using impulse
invariance transformation by taking T=1 seconds, to satisfy the following Specifications.
0.707≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.3π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.2;for 0.75π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.707;
AS=0.2;
PEF=0.3*pi;
SEF=0.75*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=PEF/T
SEFA=SEF/T
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
Hs=tf(B,A)
[num,den]=impinvar(B,A,1/T);
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
Input:
Output:

0.9≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.35π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.275;for 0.7π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.9;
AS=0.275;
PEF=0.35*pi;
SEF=0.7*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=PEF/T
SEFA=SEF/T
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
Input:
Output:

0.8≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.2π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.2;for 0.32π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.8;
AS=0.2;
PEF=0.2*pi;
SEF=0.32*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=PEF/T
SEFA=SEF/T
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
title('Magnitude Response of Fourth order Low pass Filter');
Input:
Output:

8.Write a mat lab program to design a Butterworth Digital IIR Low Pass filter using Bilinear
transformation by taking T=1 seconds, to satisfy the following Specifications.
0.707≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.2π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.08;for 0.4π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.707;
AS=0.08;
PEF=0.2*pi;
SEF=0.4*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=PEF/T
SEFA=SEF/T
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
title('Magnitude Response of Fourth order Low pass Filter');
Input:
Output:

9.Write a mat lab program to design a Chebyshev Digital IIR Low Pass filter using impulse
0.9≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.25π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.24;for 0.5π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.9;
AS=0.24;
PEF=0.25*pi;
SEF=0.5*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=PEF/T
SEFA=SEF/T
[N,CF]=cheb1ord(PEFA,SEFA,alphap,alphas,'s')
[Bn,An]=cheby1(N,alphap,1,'s');
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
[B,A]=cheby1(N,alphap,CF,'s');
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
Input:
Output:

10.Write a mat lab program to design a Chebyshev Digital IIR Low Pass filter using Bilinear
transformation by taking T=1 seconds, to satisfy the following Specifications.
0.8≤|H(ejω)| ≤1.0;for 0≤ω≤0.2π
|H(ejω)| ≤0.2;for 0.32π≤ω≤π
clc;
clear all;
close all;
AP=0.8;
AS=0.2;
PEF=0.2*pi;
SEF=0.32*pi;
T=1;
PEFA=(2/T)*tan(PEF/2)
SEFA=(2/T)*tan(SEF/2)
[N,CF]=cheb1ord(PEFA,SEFA,alphap,alphas,'s')
[Bn,An]=cheby1(N,alphap,1,'s');
Hsn=tf(Bn,An)
[B,A]=cheby1(N,alphap,CF,'s');
Hs=tf(B,A)
Hz=tf(num,den,T)
w=0:pi/16:pi;
Hw=freqz(num,den,w)
Hw_mag=abs(Hw)
grid;
Input:
Output:

Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB Program for design of IIR Filter was generated and plotted successfully.

Ex. No: Implementation of Power Spectrum Estimation
Aim:
To write a MATLAB Program to generate spectrum of various FFT length.
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Software: 7.0.4.version.
Algorithm:
2. Get input signal for which power spectrum is to be drawn.
3. Plot the power spectrum for different N values.
Program:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
x=input('enter the input sequence');
l=length(x);

N=8;
psd=abs(fft(x,N)).^2/(l);
stem((0:N-1)/N,psd);
xlim([0 1]);
xlabel(‘Discrete Frequency f, f=k/N, k=0,1....N-
1’,’fontsize’,12,’fontweight’,’b’);
ylabel (‘power’,’fontsize’,12,’fontweight’,’b’);
title(‘Power spectrum, FFT length N=8’,’fontsize’,12,’fontweight’,’b’);
N=16;
psd=abs(fft(x,N)).^2/(l);figure;
xlim([0 1]);
xlabel(‘Discrete Frequency f, f=k/N, k=0,1....N-1’);
title(‘Power spectrum, FFT length N=16’);

N=32;
psd=abs(fft(x,N)).^2/(l); figure;
xlim([0 1]);
xlabel(‘Discrete Frequency f, f=k/N, k=0,1....N-
1’,’fontsize’,12,’fontweight’,’b’);
N=64;
psd=abs(fft(x,N)).^2/(l); figure;
xlim([0 1]);
xlabel(‘Discrete Frequency’);
ylabel (‘power’);
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the MATLAB Program for power spectrum is plotted successfully.
PROCEDURE FOR 6713 CCS:

1. Open the CCS setup and select Family-c67xx, platform-Simulator, Endiannes-little.
2. Select C67xx simulator board and add then save & quit.
3. Start a new project using Project New pull down menu, save it in a separate directory (D:\
My projects) with file name project name.pjt.
4. Create a new source file using FileNewSource file menu and save it in the project folder
(project name.c).
5. Add the source file (project name.c) to the project ProjectAdd files to ProjectSelect
project name.c
6. Add the linker command file hello.cmd ProjectAdd files to Project(path: C:\CCstudio\
tutorial\dsk6713\hello\hello.cmd)
7. Add the run time support library file rts6700.libProjectAdd files to Project(path: C\
CCStudio\cgtools\lib\rts6700.lib)
8. Compile the program using „projectCompile menu or by Ctrl+F7

9. Build the program using projectBuild menu or by F7
10. Load the project name.out file (from project folder project name\Debug) using FileLoad
Program
11. Run the program using DebugRun or F5
12. To view the output graphically Select ViewGraphTime and Frequency
Ex.No:07 Simulation of Waveform Generator.
Aim:
To Write a DSP Processor Program to Generate a following standard signal.
1. Sinusoidal wave.
2. Cosine wave.
3. Square wave
Apparatus Required:
Hardware: PC.
Software: CCS 6713, 6713 Debugger
Theory:
The SPLK instruction allows a full 16-bit pattern to be written in to any memory location.
The parallel logic unit supports this bit manipulation independently of the ALU so that the ACC is un
affected.
ALGORITHM:
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Define a float variable a.

Step 3: Find the sequence for sine signal.

Step 4: Find the sequence for cosine signal.
Step 5: Find the sequence for square signal.
Step 7: Plot the sine, cosine and square signal a.
Step 8: Terminate the process.
OUTPUT:

Program:
Sinusoidal signal
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
float a[100];
main ( )
{ int i;
for(i=0;i<99;i++)
{a[i]=sin(2*3.14*5*i/100);
printf(“%f,a[i]);
}}
Cosine signal
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
float a[100];
main ( )
{ int i;
for(i=0;i<99;i++)
{
a[i]=cos(2*3.14*5*i/100);
printf(“%f”,a[i]);
}
}

OUTPUT:

Square wave signal

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int a[1000];
void main()
{
int i,j=0;
int b=5;
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<=50;j++)
{
a[(50*i)+j]=b;
}
b=b*(-1);
}
}
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the C program for generation of different wave form is executed and plotted through
processor successfully.


Ex.No:08 Simulation of Convolution Using C Coding.
AIM:
To write a C program to obtain the linear convolution between two finite duration sequences
x(n) and h(n).
ALGORITHM:
Step 2: Get the sequence x(n).
Step 3: Get the range of the sequence x(n).
Step 4: Get the sequence h(n).
Step 5: Get the range of the sequence h(n)..
Step 6: Find the convolution between the sequences x(n) and h(n)
Step 7: Plot the convoluted sequence y(n).
PROGRAM:
Linear convolution:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int y[20];
void main()
{
int m=4;
int n=4;
int i=0;j;
int x[15]={1,2,3,4};
int h[15]={1,2,2,1};
int y(20);

Input:
Output:

for(i=0;i<m+n-1;i++)
}
y[i=0];
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
y[i]=x[j]*h[i-j];
for(i=0;m+n-1;i++)
printf(“%d\n”,y[i]);
}
Circular convolution:
#include<stdio.h>
int m,n,x[30],h[30],y[30],i,j,temp[30],k,x2[30],a[30];
void main()
{
printf("Enter the length of 1st sequence\n");
scanf("%d",&m);
printf("Enter the length of 2nd sequence\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the 1st sequence\n");
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
scanf("%d",&x[i]);
printf("Enter the 2nd sequence\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
scanf("%d",&h[j]);if(m-n!=0){if(m>n)
{
for(i=n;i<m;i++)
h(i)=0;
n=m;
}
for(i=m;i<n;i++)
x[i]=0;
m=n;
}
y[0]=0;
a[0]=h[0];
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
a[j]=h[n-j];

Input:
Output:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)

y[0]+=x[i]*a[i];
for(k=1;k<n;k++)
{
y[k]=0;
for(j=1;j<n;j++)
x2[j]=a[j-1];
x2[0]=a[n-1];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
a[i]=x2[i];
y[k]+=x[i]*x2[i];
}
}
printf("The circular convolution is \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t",y[i]);
}
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the C program for calculation of linear convolution and circular convolution was
successfully completed.


Ex.No:9 DESIGN OF FIR FILTER
AIM:
To write a C program to obtain FIR filter design.
ALGORITHM:
Step 2: Define pi value
Step 3: Get the number of samples.
Step 4: Get the choice of windows.
Step 5: Calculate the output.
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
#define pi 3.1415
int n,N,c;
float wr[64],wt[64];
void main()
printf("\n enter no. of samples,N= :");
scanf("%d",&N);
printf("\n enter choice of window function: 1.rect 2. triang \n c= :");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("\n elements of window function are:");
switch(c)
Output:

case 1:
for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++)

wr[n]=1;
printf(" \n wr[%d]=%f",n,wr[n]);
break;
case 2:
for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++)
wt[n]=1-(2*(float)n/(N-1));
printf("\n wt[%d]=%f",n,wt[n]);
break;
}
Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the C program for Loaded and design of FIR was successfully calculated and plotted.

Ex.No:10 DESIGN OF IIR FILTER

AIM:
To write a C program to obtain IIR filter design.
ALGORITHM:
Step 2: Get the value for order, cut of frequency, and choice of filter.
Step 3: Calculate the output.
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
nt i,w,wc,c,N;
float H[100];
float mul(float, int);
void main()
printf("\n enter order of filter ");
scanf("%d",&N);
printf("\n enter the cutoff freq ");
scanf("%d",&wc);
printf("\n enter the choice for IIR filter 1. LPF 2.HPF ");
scanf("%d",&c);
switch(c)
Output:

case 1:
for(w=0;w<100;w++)

H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((w/(float)wc),2*N));
printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);
break;
case 2:
for(w=0;w<=100;w++){H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((float)wc/w,2*N));
printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);
break;
float mul(float a,int x)
for(i=0;i<x-1;i++)
a*=a;
return(a);
}.


Max Allotted
S.No Components
mark Marks

50
of experiments
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Result:
Thus the C program is Loaded for design of IIR filter was successfully completed and plotted.

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Digital Signal Processing Lab

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Ex.No:01 Generation of Signals Using Matlab Function.

% Generation of Unit Step Sequence

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% Generation of Unit Impulse Signal

% Generation of Unit Ramp Signal

% Generation of Sine Signal

% Generation of CoSine Signal'

% Generation of Exponential Signal'

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1. Preparation and Conduct

2. Observation & Result 30

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EX.No:02 Implementation of DIT and DIF Algorithms.

Software: MATLAB 2011a Version.

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Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

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1. Preparation and Conduct

2. Observation & Result 30

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

EX.NO:03 Implementation of Linear and Circular Convolution

Software: MATLAB 2011a Version.

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

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1. Preparation and Conduct

2. Observation & Result 30

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

E.NO:04 Implementation of FIR Filter Design.

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Software: MATLAB 2011a Version

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Enter the pass band ripple: 0.05

Enter the stop band ripple: 0.04

Enter the pass band freq: 1500

Enter the stop band freq: 2000

Enter the sampling freq: 9000

Rectangular window filter response

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Enter the pass band ripple: 0.03

Enter the stop band ripple: 0.01

Enter the pass band freq: 1400

Enter the stop band freq: 2000

Enter the sampling freq: 8000

Hamming window filter response

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

rp=input('Enter the Pass Band Ripple:');

Electronics and Communication Engineering Department

Enter the pass band ripple: .03

Enter the stop band ripple: .01

Enter the pass band freq: 1400