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學測指考必備時事焦點] 中國即將在香港通過有爭議的國家安全

[
法!?

相信⼤部分的⼈對於不久前在香港發⽣的⼀系列抗議⾏動都不陌⽣,經過新冠肺炎的疫情之後,你或許以為整件事情已經告⼀段落,但其實中國官⽅⼀直
沒有遺忘香港的議題,並且即將在近期通過對於香港具有爭議性的國家安全法。什麼?你說怎麼這麼突然?沒錯!這個消息令所有⼈都措⼿不及,讓我們
來看看究竟發⽣了什麼事吧~

1. China is introducing a sweeping national security law for Hong Kong that has
sparked protest, fear and controversy in the semi-autonomous city. Critics say the law
marks an erosion of the cityʼs precious civil and political freedoms; the Chinese and
local governments argue itʼs necessary to curb unrest and uphold mainland
sovereignty.
中國正在為香港引入全⾯的國家安全法,該法律在這個半⾃治城市引發了抗議,恐懼和爭議。 批評⼈⼠說,這條法律代表香港寶貴的公⺠和政治
(
⾃由的侵蝕; ⽽中國和地⽅政府則認為有必要遏制動亂並維護⼤陸主權。)

相關單字:
controversy (n.) 爭議;爭論;爭辯
同義字:argument, dispute
補充⽤法:a controversy surrounding/over + 事 對於某事產⽣的爭議
削弱;逐步的破壞
erosion (n.)

同義字:corroding, crumbling
主權,統治權
sovereignty (n.)

同義字:supremacy
補充⽤法:國家 + has/have sovereignty over + 地區 某國對某地有統治權

2. While Hong Kong has an independent legal system, a back door in its mini-
constitution allows Beijing to make law in the city — meaning thereʼs not much the
Hong Kong public or leadership can do about it.
( 儘管香港擁有獨立的法律制度,但由於其微型憲法的後⾨,北京可以在該市製定法律,這意味著香港公眾或領導層對此無能為⼒。)

相關單字:
憲法;章程
constitution (n.)

補充⽤法:the Constitution of the United States《美國憲法》

3. Under this proposed law, criminal offenses will include secession, subversion
against the central Chinese government, terrorist activities, and collusion with foreign
forces to endanger national security.
( 根據該擬議法律,刑事犯罪將包括分裂國家,顛覆中央政府,恐怖活動以及與外國勢⼒串通以危害國家安全。)

相關單字:
secession (n.) 分離,脫離
subversion (n.) 破壞,顛覆

collusion (n.) 勾結,共謀

4. Under the proposed law:


Beijing will establish a national security office, staffed by mainland security services to supervise local authorities in policing the
law.
Hong Kongʼs top official will pick which judges hear national security cases, jeopardizing the cityʼs independent judiciary.
Mainland Chinese authorities can “exercise jurisdiction” over cases in special circumstances, meaning certain crimes in Hong
Kong could result in trials on the mainland.
The city will set up a national security commission, with a Beijing-appointed adviser and operating under “the supervision of the
central government.”
The bill trumps local laws. If there is a conflict with existing Hong Kong law, the national security law prevails.
(根據擬議的法律:
北京將建立⼀個由內地安全部⾨組成的國家安全辦公室,以監督地⽅當局維護法律。
香港⾼級官員將挑選哪些法官來審理國家安全案件,這將危害香港的獨立司法機構。
中國⼤陸當局可以在特殊情況下對案件進⾏「⾏使管轄權」,這意味著香港的某些犯罪⾏為可能會在⼤陸進⾏審判。
該市將成立國家安全委員會,由北京任命的顧問,並在「中央政府的監督下」運作。
該法案勝過當地法律。 如果與現有的香港法律有衝突,以國家安全法為準。)
相關單字:
judiciary (n.) 司法機構
jurisdiction (n.) 管轄權

5. Thereʼs still a lot we donʼt know. Much of the drafting process happens behind
closed doors, and there has been no public consultation on the bill — even Hong Kong
Chief Executive Carrie Lam, the cityʼs top official, said she hasnʼt seen the “complete
details.”
(還有很多我們不知道的地⽅。 起草過程⼤部分是秘密進⾏的,⽽且還沒有就該法案進⾏公眾諮詢,甚⾄香港⾏政長官林鄭⽉娥也表⽰,她還沒有
看到「完整細節」。)

相關單字:
drafting (n.) 起草
consultation (n.) 諮詢

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