CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the relevant literature and studies that the researchers considered in

strengthening the importance of the studies about the impacts of Cellphone Usage on the

Academic Performance of Students. A number of research have been conducted to find the

effects of cellphone usage on student's academic performance that will help readers to examine

and to gain an understanding about the effects of cellphone usage.

According Raza (2020) the use of cellphone is gradually becoming a compelling learning

tool used to enhance teaching and learning in distance education. It's usage ensures flexible

course delivery, makes it possible for learners to access online learning platforms, access course

resources and interact digitally. However, the continual use of smartphones is a global problem

that requires scholar's attention.

FOREIGN STUDIES

Base on the Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (2022) secondary school students in

Sokoto frequently used their smartphones for some school learning activities, enhancing the

perceived value of utilizing a smartphone for learning, and that elements such as design

functionality, design appeal, and design navigation influence student's use of smartphones.

Students are more likely to utilize their smartphones if they can quickly download pages, access

e-learning systems and navigate between pages. It was also discovered that secondary school
students in Sokoto frequently used their smartphones for some school learning activities,

enhancing the perceived value of utilizing a smartphone for learning.

The study Effects of Different Electronic Gadgets on Academic Performance of Students

the Study\'s Context conducted by International Journal For Science Technology And

Engineering (2023) investigated the impact of mobile phone usage on academic performance

among male and female students in the Nandurbar area, and found that gender, age, and

connection with opposite sex have a considerable favorable influence on pupils' academic

achievement.

A face-to-face survey was done among 274 students, 159 male students and 115 female

students ranging from second to fourth year from various college departments. Gender, age, and

connection with opposite sex have a considerable favourable influence on pupil's academic

achievement, according to the findings. However, marital status, mobile phone usage, and the

effect of mobile phone and application usage while studying all have a negative influence on

student's academic performance. Cell phones are convenient and useful study aids, but they may

also be a harmful source of distraction depending on a student's mindset and use behaviour. The

author, on the other hand, proposes that mobile phone manufacturers consider how young people

utiliz3 cellphone for educational purposes.

Kertechian & Ismail (2023) investigated the impact of excessive smartphone use, self-

regulation, and procrastination on student's online academic performance and found that

smartphone use had a significant and positive effect on their academic performance. A total of n

= 238 university students participated in the study. Mean comparisons unveiled clear scores on
procrastination, self-regulation, and daily hours spent on smartphones between the smartphone-

addicted and non-addicted students. Structural Equation Modeling helps them answer hypothesis.

Internet enabled Mobile Phones helped the students to get the study material online but

the Students easily get tempted to use the various social media platforms when trying to obtain

learning materials online. In most cases, the students end up spending almost all their times on

the social media and forget about the course materials they originally intended to look for.

(Bedassa, 2014).

According to Woodward & Woltering (2022) the relationship between cellphone use and

academic performance in young adults with their study Cellphone Use Distracts Young Adults

From Academic Work With Limited Benefit to Self-regulatory Behavior found that repeated

CPU during academic activities (CPU_Multitasking) would relate negatively, whereas,

according to Zimmerman's Theory of Self-Regulated Learning, CPU for self-regulated learning

behaviors (SRLBehavior), would relate positively to the academic performance of students. The

behavior, this study provides a guiding document for educational computing system practitioners

to explore more theory-driven empirical approaches in the field of CPU and academic success.

Investigating relationship between using smartphones for learning and academic performance of

secondary school students in Nigeria.

According to the study, elements such as design functionality, design appeal, and design

navigation influence students’ use of smartphones. They use their smartphones to access and

share learning resources, chat with classmates and teachers, look up solutions to tasks, and even

learn new things at any time from anywhere. In general, the study shows that using smartphones
for learning improves general knowledge and has a good impact on secondary school students'

academic performance.

Lim & Moneva (2018) study about the Cellular Phone Utilization and the Student

Academic Performance Aimed to Assess the Association of Using Cellphone Among the Senior

High School Students and their Level of Academic Performance investigated the extent of the

cellphone usage among students. The result of the study was given the teachers and parents the

idea of becoming permissive or not of their student's use of cellular phones. Recommendations

shall be identified in order to maximize the benefits of the use of cellular phones in and outside

the classroom as well as making the item as a tool that aids teaching and learning activities of the

students.

LOCAL STUDIES

The effectiveness of mobile phones as a learning aid among senior high school students

and found that there is no significant difference in the scores for males and females in the

dimensions such as content, connectivity, and cognitive abilities. Moreover, mobile phone usage

by students is beneficial and found to have a great impact on students learning. (Adlit 2023)

The study conducted by Sampelo (2023) Effects of Cell phone Use on Study Habits and

Academic Performance of Learners determined the effect of cell phone use on the study habits

and academic performance of learners was investigated and it was found that significant

differences lie between infrequent users and moderate users. Based from the conclusions, the

recommendations are hereby formulated: There is a vital need to sensitize learners and educators

about the potential academic risks associated with high cell phone use. It is also recommended
for teachers to apply a detailed guidance and explanation on how to use cell phones appropriately

in classroom settings. Moreover, the school management must be more alive to their

responsibilities by ensuring conformity to the school laid down rules and regulations on student’s

use of mobile phone device during class session.

Using Mobile Devices for Educational Purposes in Compulsory Secondary Education to

Improve Student’s Learning Achievements, a study conducted by Marchena, Varela & Garcia

(2020) that aimed to establish the relationship that the use of mobile phones in secondary

education schools may have in regard to the student’s academic performance. Scondary

education schools in found a strong correlation between centers and territories that allow the

usage of mobile devices in education and academic performance.

Cellphone Usage and The Academic Performance of Filipino Junior High School

Students (Guillena, 2023) examined the influence of cellphone on the academic performance of

junior high school students in Marawi City, Lanao Del Sur, Philippines during the 2022-2023

academic year. As a result, educators encourage the responsible use of social media in students’

learning processes. At the same time, school administrators should support teachers in

integrating social media into their instructional approaches and classroom activities

Exploring Mobile Game Addiction, Cyberbullying, and its Effects on Academic

Performance among Tertiary Students in one University in the Philippines, a study of Fabito,

Rodriguez, and Diloy (2018) found that the impact of cellphone, mobile gaming addiction is a

growing concern that increases the user's risk for physical and psychological health problems.

Video game addiction is part of the so-called Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and is often

associated with Gambling Addiction. In general, IGD has been linked to a poorer academic
performance of students in educational institutions. However, It can be concluded that those

who have been a victim of cyberbullying are most likely to perpetrate or initiate cyberbullies.

According to Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology 10 (1), 2020, this study was

carried out to investigate the mediating effects of self-control and time management on the

relationship among problematic cell-phone use (PCU), loneliness and academic performance of

high school students in Northern Iran. The 330 adolescents were selected by multi-stage cluster

sampling. The problematic cell-phone use questionnaire, self-control questionnaire, loneliness

questionnaire, and time management questionnaire were utilized for data collection. Results

indicated that self-control does not play a mediating role in reducing the negative effect of PCU

on loneliness and academic performance; however, time management, as a mediator, is able to

reduce the effects of PCU on loneliness, but cannot mediate between PCU and academic

performance. This study emphasizes the role of time management in reducing the destructive

effects of PCU on loneliness.