masterMind
STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY
Unit 7
Unit opener
A sale of non-local fruit and vegetables raises prices;
Possible answers:
Bottled water: Health, because plastic bottles can
release chemicals and toxins into the water, especially
if exposed to heat; Packaging, because the plastic
bottles can be recycled in some places, but can also
end up in landfills or pose a threat to wildlife; Pollution,
because manufacturing plastic pollutes the environment;
Sustainability, because one person needs six to
seven glasses of water a day, so consuming bottled
water every day is both expensive and bad for the
environment; Transportation, because bottled water has
to be transported to stores after being packaged.
Fish caught by trawling: Health, because shellfish
absorb pollutants and diseases from their environment,
and these can be very dangerous to humans;
Pollution, because pollution kills many ocean animals;
Sustainability, because over-fishing has caused near-
extinction of many species of fish and shellfish, which in
turn causes serious ecological imbalances in the oceans;
Transportation, because food from the ocean has to
be transported to land-locked areas or areas further
away from the sea, also causing fuel consumption and
pollution. In addition, seafood has to be kept cool,
and refrigeration uses energy.
Organic lettuce: Packaging, because organic produce
usually does not come in recyclable packaging;
Pollution, because organic foods frequently have to be
transported long distances, and because of the plastic
packaging; Sustainability, because organic foods are not
yet mass-produced and are therefore more expensive
to the consumer; Transportation, because organic foods
are not always available locally.
Beef from cattle ranching: Health, because beef is
high in fat and cholesterol, and beef cattle are often fed
growth hormones that can affect human development;
Packaging, because beef and beef products are usually
packaged in paper and plastic; Pollution, because
bovine excrement releases methane gas into the air;
Sustainability, because forests are cut down to provide
more and more grazing land for larger and larger
cattle herds; Transportation, because meat has to be
refrigerated and transported over long distances.
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Level 2
Fruit—also applies to vegetables: Health, because
fruits and vegetables may have been sprayed with toxic
pesticides; Packaging, because fruit (e.g., berries) is
often packaged in plastic; Sustainability, because the
Pollution and Transportation, because a lot of fruit and
vegetables are transported by plane or truck from where
they are grown to where they are sold, which consumes
fuel and adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Fruit and vegetables also need refrigeration, which
uses energy.
1 Reading
B
a Take: example—terms that seem similar but do not
mean the same thing
b which means that: explanation—supports the
idea that not all the terms mentioned mean the
same thing
c or: explanation—supports the meaning of fat-free/
non-fat
d The implication of this is that: explanation—supports
the idea that serving size is one of three things to
consider when reading a food label
e like: example—unhealthy things
f What this means is that: explanation—supports the
idea that percentages are an important thing to
check for daily intake figures
g Examples are: example—food additives /
ingredients that should be avoided completely
h which are: explanation—what BHA/BHT mean
2 Grammar
A
A greater number of those surveyed do not do the
activities listed. The activities are things that smart
consumers should do.
Notice!
2 Do you take time to read labels while shopping?
3 When reading a food label, do you understand what
all of the ingredients are?
4 Do you choose a brand only after comparing the
ingredients with other brands?
You is the unstated subject of the underlined clauses.
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masterMind level 2

B 4 Listening
the same in both clauses A
1 shopping accountable: account (for)
2 going affordable: afford
3 reading biodegradable: biodegrade
disposable: dispose (of)
C edible: eat
1 Leo says he always reads labels when shopping perishable: perish
for food. recyclable: recycle
2 I didn’t realize how unhealthy diet soft drinks are returnable: return
before reading that article. reusable: reuse
3 People who eat while working don’t think about
serving sizes. B
4 After checking the label, Samira decided not to buy 1 recyclable 5 biodegradable
the soup. 2 Perishable 6 affordable
5 Before approving a new food, the government 3 disposable 7 edible
agency tests it on animals. 4 accountable 8 returnable
6 When processing foods, manufacturers add fat,
sugar, and salt to them. C
lettuce: it’s perishable; organic produce is expensive;
3 Grammar
organic produce might have a large carbon footprint
A due to transportation; some organic produce is sold in
She had done research on the “life cycle” of plastic packaging that is not biodegradable.
consumer products. water: isn’t sold in returnable bottles; isn’t much
different from tap water
Notice!
Having done research: Annie Leonard 6 Speaking
Being convinced: Annie Leonard A
wanting to create something: Annie Leonard Alex doesn’t have enough money. His friends advise
having been viewed: This 20-minute video him to make a monthly budget.
B B
1 Having done 3 wanting ✓ That said, …
2 not being 4 having been viewed ✓ But then again, …
✓ Although actually, …
Rules for reducing the cause-effect clause
✓ … having thought about it, I …
1 subject
✓ On second thought, …
2 clause
✓ … having said that, I …
3 main verb
C
C
1 e
1 Not having seen the video before, we watched it 2 b
together in class.
3 d
2 Having read about the video, I knew what it
4 f
was about.
5 a
3 Not understanding the problems with consumption,
6 c
most people don’t worry about it.
4 Being recyclable, paper products are a good option
for ecology-minded consumers.
5 Being concerned about global warming,
some governments are taking strong action.
6 Wanting their students to know about climate
change, many teachers use Leonard’s video.

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masterMind level 2

lifeSkills Language wrap-up

B
1 Vocabulary
Possible answers:
Sugar-free gum 1 broke
Claims: 2 stretch
Bursting with delicious flavour 3 accountable
Research shows that chewing sugar-free gum: 4 stick to
• promotes dental health 5 on impulse
• aids weight control 6 afford
• increases concentration 7 cut down on
• reduces stress 8 perishable
• is approved by dentists 9 returnable
Questions about the claims: 10 disposable
What does the gum taste like?
Is there real evidence that it improves dental health? 2 Grammar
Are there dentists who recommend it? 1 ✓
2 After making a list of everything I bought last week,
Milk
I looked at what I could cut down on.
Claims:
An everyday essential 3 Not having kept a record of my purchases, I really
Teenagers should drink four cups a day. didn’t know how much I was spending.
Is a delicious and refreshing drink any time of day. 4 ✓
Is for everyone 5 While I was driving to the store, a truck ran into
The calcium in milk makes bones stronger. my car.
Questions about the claims: 6 Not wanting to be too critical, I didn’t question the
Does everyone like milk, and should everyone drink it? doctor’s recommendations.
Is it always delicious and refreshing? 7 Being sure that the meat wasn’t good, we didn’t
Is it really necessary for teenagers to drink four cups buy it.
a day? 8 Having had a lot of problems with money in the
Is there scientific evidence that calcium in milk makes past, I now keep a list of my expenses.
bones stronger? 9 ✓
C 10 Before buying food in a package, be sure to read
the label.
Possible answers:
1 Sugarless gum does help promote dental health. Writing workshop
None of the claims about milk were supported.
A
2 Claims about the benefits of chewing gum for weight
control and to aid concentration or reduce stress were Possible answer:
said to be not well-documented, so their validity is The writer might recommend changing the recycling
uncertain. Gum also contains ingredients that some program to allow residents to mix their recyclables into
scientists believe are unhealthy. The claims about one container.
milk (teens should drink four cups daily, milk makes
bones stronger, milk is for everyone) were all directly
contradicted.

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masterMind level 2

B
Possible answers:
1
Sentences that describe figures:
Slightly more than half of all recycled material is paper.
... yard trimmings, which accounts for slightly less than a
quarter of all recycled material.
... less than 3%.
Metal, glass, and plastic make up about 16% of recycled
materials.
The information on individual items is presented in
words (half, quarter) or gathered together and expressed
as a percentage of the whole.
2
Sentences that interpret the figures:
This could be because paper is very widely used and
one of the easiest materials to recycle.
The fact that residential recycling is popular can be seen
from the next largest category ...
... which is probably the primary reason the recycling
rate for wood, although it is also biodegradable, is so
low ...
This figure could increase if recycling these materials
were easier.
The information is based on the student’s own
knowledge.

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