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Alberto Leon-Garcia · Radim Lenort
David Holman · David Staš
Veronika Krutilova · Pavel Wicher
Dagmar Cagáňová · Daniela Špirková
Julius Golej · Kim Nguyen (Eds.)
166
Smart City 360°

First EAI International Summit, Smart City 360°
Bratislava, Slovakia and Toronto, Canada, October 13–16, 2015
Revised Selected Papers
123
Lecture Notes of the Institute
for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering 166
Editorial Board
Ozgur Akan
Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Paolo Bellavista
University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Jiannong Cao
Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
Domenico Ferrari
Università Cattolica Piacenza, Piacenza, Italy
Mario Gerla
UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
Hisashi Kobayashi
Princeton University, Princeton, USA
Sergio Palazzo
University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Sartaj Sahni
University of Florida, Florida, USA
Xuemin (Sherman) Shen
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Mircea Stan
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
Jia Xiaohua
City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Albert Zomaya
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
Geoffrey Coulson
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8197
Alberto Leon-Garcia • Radim Lenort
David Holman • David Staš
Veronika Krutilova • Pavel Wicher
Dagmar Cagáňová • Daniela Špirková
Julius Golej • Kim Nguyen (Eds.)
Smart City 360°

First EAI International Summit, Smart City 360°
Bratislava, Slovakia and Toronto, Canada, October 13–16, 2015
Revised Selected Papers
123
Editors
Alberto Leon-Garcia Pavel Wicher
University of Toronto Škoda Auto University
Toronto, ON Mladá Boleslav
Canada Czech Republic
Radim Lenort Dagmar Cagáňová
Škoda Auto University Slovak University of Technology
Mladá Boleslav Trnava
Czech Republic Slovakia
David Holman Daniela Špirková
Mladá Boleslav Bratislava
Czech Republic Czech Republic
David Staš Julius Golej
Mladá Boleslav Brno
Czech Republic Czech Republic
Veronika Krutilova Kim Nguyen
Mendel University Brno University of Quebec’s ETS
Brno Montréal
Czech Republic Canada
ISSN 1867-8211 ISSN 1867-822X (electronic)

Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics
and Telecommunications Engineering
ISBN 978-3-319-33680-0 ISBN 978-3-319-33681-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-33681-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016942905
© ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2016
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
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The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
SustainableMoG
These proceedings contain revised selected papers form the EAI International Con-
ference on Sustainable Solutions Beyond Mobility of Goods (SustainableMoG 2015).
The goal of the conference was to provide a platform for the discussion on achieving a
more sustainable balance between economic, environmental, and social objectives in
the area of transport, logistics, marketing, and supply chain management. The con-
ference was focused not only on business and industry, but other areas of sustainable
mobility. This topic was researched from the Czech, Finnish, German, and Slovak
perspective.
Recent sustainable actions in the area of mobility are being implemented as partial
solutions, which have a lot of potential but, in the long term, will be depleted relatively
quickly. According to the conference participants’ opinion, the future lies in a strict
adherence to the system approach. This involves not only searching for solutions that
take all interrelations of a logistics system into consideration, but also integrating the
sustainability with other new logistics and supply-chain management trends, such as
leanness, agility, or resilience. The conference SustainableMoG 2015 started the dis-
cussion about these challenges.
October 2015 Radim Lenort

MOBIDANUBE
One of the aims of the MOBIDANUBE conference was to strengthen the synergy
between researchers and experts from academia, research institutions, and industry to
advance the research in the field of mobility opportunities and within the Danube
strategy.
The Danube area describes the middle of Europe, the center crossed by the West–
East and North–South mobility axes of the continent. Mobility in the Danube region is
as such the core of European mobility.
The scientific program for MOBIDANUBE 2015 was prepared to meet the demands
of mobility disciplines. Four keynote lectures by internationally recognized experts
were on the program. The conference joined individuals from all over the world, all of
whom shared a common interest in the area of mobility and the Danube strategy. In
particular, we would like to thank the participants for their willingness to share their
knowledge, and their latest research results with audience regarding recent develop-
ments and the outlook for the future of the field.
The goal of the International Conference on Mobility Opportunities in the Danube
Region is to look at major infrastructure platforms, vehicles, people, and freight
flowing through an area, which just 25 years ago was still a solid barrier between
systems, ideologies, mobility patterns, standards, and mentalities.
The tidal wave of changes, brought about by opening the West–East links and
reconnecting Europe, meets the energetic technologic developments in data exchange
and communication networking, implementation of AI, vehicle design as well as new
patterns of behavior in business and society induced by social media and recent
breakthroughs in virtual presence.
All these changes request a comprehensive reflection on current mobility problems,
chances, and challenges for a better understanding of the emerging of options and risks,
but first of all for inspiring a new outlook.
The 2015 MOBIDANUBE Conference addressed these domains, creating an out-
look vision as a base for an integrative strategy of mobility in the Danube region.
October 2015 Dagmar Cagáňová

SmartCityCom
I am honored to present the selected papers form the international conference Social
Innovation and Community Aspects of Smart Cities (SmartCityCom 2015). The con-
tributions focus on the current problems of cities and their sustainable development.
The scientific program of the conference created an important opportunity and
discussion place for the scientific community and other experts who can contribute to
the concept of smart cities development that is now becoming a necessity. The growing
population, climate change, energy demands, environmental burdens, and collapsing
transport are some of the difficult challenges they have to face.
The application of the concept of sustainable development needs to be based on the
position, competencies, and capacities of local governments and their role in achieving
goals of sustainable development. The government manages the building of infras-
tructures, which uses natural resources, and is responsible for the management of waste
including its minimization, energy-efficient transport, land use, integrated transport and
land use planning, local assessment of environmental impacts and audits, and coop-
eration with nongovernmental organizations in the implementation of programs to
protect the environment, reducing economic and social polarization of society.
The designation of “smart” contributes significantly to the deployment of the latest
technologies that serve as sophisticated tools of possible solutions, innovative products,
processes, or organizational innovations that reduce environmental costs, increase the
acceptance of society and contribute to sustainable development. It should be also
noted that the unprecedented and unsustainable urbanization is indeed a manifestation
of our economic and social progress, but it also significantly burdens the infrastructure
of the planet.
October 2015 Daniela Špirková

SmartCity Toronto
The rapid urbanization of societies globally exacerbates the challenges that cities must
face, ranging from basic requirements for food, shelter, health, and mobility to
advanced requirements such as providing the resources and services for an informed,
productive citizenry. The smart city solutions to these challenges cut across a broad and
diverse set of disciplines and they almost always call for an interdisciplinary approach.
Information and communications technologies play an enabling, sometimes central,
role in these solutions. The SmartCity360 Toronto Conferences were an effort to bring
together researchers working across ICT research disciplines addressing the future
Smart City.
SmartCity360 Toronto included five conferences addressing urban mobility
(SUMS), sustainable cities (S2CT), smart grids SGSC), wearable devices for health and
wellbeing (SWIT Health), and big data (BigDASC). In this preface I focus on themes
that cut across conferences and that are addressed across multiple conferences. The first
theme involves the focus on the personal and individual. Individual persons drive
demand in cities for various types of resources, energy, water, food, mobility, etc. and
therefore many studies revolve around characterizing the behavior of individuals.
Another reason for the focus on individuals is the central role played by the smart
phone, and increasingly wearable or specialized personal devices, as the sources of the
data streams on user behavior. Privacy is a central concern in this theme. A second
theme is the role of wireless networks and sensors in enabling monitoring and actuation
in smart cities. These technologies provide the means for collecting data and directing
actions to the distributed infrastructure that is inherent in cities and urban regions.
These data streams are essential to characterize the consumption and/or genera-
tion/capacity of energy, water, GHGs, roads, and so on. A third cross-cutting theme is
big data analytics, which plays the key role of discovering, characterizing, and
detecting behaviors, anomalies, and other events of interest. The data to understand and
predict aggregate behavior in an urban region are only now becoming available, and the
promise of addressing global objectives by influencing consumption behavior
involving entire urban regions depends on discoveries of patterns and behaviors that
are yet to come. A final cross-cutting theme is the support for a broad range of smart
city applications and the availability of suitable computing platforms. These platforms
must leverage and integrate the capabilities implicit in the aforementioned themes in a
manner that enables the desired smart city applications. Taken as a whole, the papers in
the SmartCity360 Conferences provide an excellent perspective on the challenges and
solution approaches to smart city challenges.
October 2015 Alberto Leon-Garcia

Conference Organization
Sustainable MoG 2015
SustainableMoG 2015 was organized by the Department of Logistics, Quality and

Automotive Technology, ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic. The event was
endorsed by the European Alliance for Innovation (EAI), a leading community-based
organization devoted to the advancement of innovation in the field of Smart Cities, ICT
and e-Health and was co-located with the Smart City 360 Summit.
Steering Committee
Imrich Chlamtac Create-Net, EAI, Italy
Dagmar Cagáňová Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Radim Lenort ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
David Holman ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
Organizing Committee
General Chair
Program Chair
Web Chair
Pavel Wicher ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
Publications Chair
David Stas ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
Technical Program Committee

Petr Besta VSB - Technical University of Ostrava,
Czech Republic
Petr Jirsák University of Economics, Czech Republic
Jakub Jurča VÍTKOVICE STEEL, a. s., Czech Republic
Andrea Samolejová VSB - Technical University of Ostrava,
Czech Republic
XIV Conference Organization
David Vykydal VSB - Technical University of Ostrava,

Czech Republic
Jakub Soviar University of Zilina, Slovakia
David Stas ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
Martin Straka Technical University of Kosice, Slovakia
Pavel Wicher ŠKODA AUTO University, Czech Republic
SmartCityCom 2015
Steering Committee
Imrich Chlamtac Create-Net, EAI
Daniela Špirková Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
Paloma Taltavull de La Paz University of Alicante, Spain
Erwin Van Der Krabben Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Julius Golej Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
General Chair
Daniela Špirková Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
General Co-chair
Paloma Taltavull de La Paz University of Alicante, Spain
Erwin Van Der Krabben Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
TPC Chair
Slovakia
Web Chair
Andrej Adamuscin Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Publicity and Social Media Chair

Miroslav Panik Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Publications Chair
Slovakia
Miroslav Panik Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Conference Organization XV
Panels Chair
Martina Rašticová Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
Technical Program Committee (Scientific Committee)

Stanislaw Belniak Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Jim Berry University of Ulster, UK
Dagmar Cagáňová Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Krystyna Dziworska University of Gdansk, Poland
Maroš Finka Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Petia Genkova University of Osnabruck, Germany
Jana Geršlová Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
František Janíček Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Aija Klavina University of Riga, Latvia
Jana Korytárová Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Lea Kubičková Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
Ramaswami Mahalingam University of Michigan, USA
Jürgen Mühlbacher Vienna University of Economics and Business, Austria
Zora Petráková Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Dušan Petráš Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Anna Putnová Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Martina Rašticová Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
Ania Saniuk University of Zielona Gora, Poland
Petr Štěpánek Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic
Riccardo Scalenghe University of Palermo, Italy
Jana Stávková Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
Marcel Ševela Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
Jana Šujanová Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Maurizio Tira University of Brescia, Italy
Mária Zúbková Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Pavel Žufan Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
MOBI Danube 2015

Steering Committee
George Teodorescu Coordinator of the Danubius Innovation Alliance,
Institute for Integral Innovation
XVI Conference Organization
General Chair
George Teodorescu Coordinator of the Danubius Innovation Alliance,
Institute for Integral Innovation
Program Chair
Program Co-chair
Milan Dado University of Žilina, Slovakia
Web Chair
Predrag Nikolic EDUCONS Novi Sad, Serbia

Alina Raileanu Danubius University, Romania
Workshop Chair
Jana Šujanová Slovak University of Technology, Slovakia
Publications Chair
Veronika Krutilova Mendel University Brno, Czech Republic
Panels Chair
Pavel Žufan Mendel University Brno, Czech Republic
Tutorials Chair
Andy Pusca Danubius University, Romania

Mario Valerio Salucci University of Rome, Italy
Lidia Pavic Rosovic ODRAZ, EESC Member, Croatia
Milan Dado University of Žilina, Slovakia
Ana Dragutescu Association for Urban Transition, Bucharest, Romania
Rob Jeuring Ecorys Holding Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Predrag K. Nikolic EDUCONS University, Novi Sad, Serbia
Dušan Petráš Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava,
Slovakia
Never Vrcek University of Zagreb, Varazdin, Croatia
Milos Cambal Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU),
Slovakia
Conference Organization XVII
Krzysztof Witkowski University of Zielona Gora, Poland

Sebastian Saniuk University of Zielona Gora, Poland
Michal Balog Technical University, Kosice, Slovakia
Peter Bindzar Technical University, Kosice, Slovakia
Martin Straka Technical University, Kosice, Slovakia
Daniela Spirkova Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU),
Slovakia
Petr Štěpánek Praha, Czech Republic
Jana Sujanova Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU),
Slovakia
Jaroslav Holecek Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU),
Slovakia
Daynier Rolando Delgado Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STU),
Sobrino Slovakia
Giovanni Del Galdo Fraunhofer, Ilmenau, Germany
Thomas Sporer Fraunhofer, Germany
Konrad Osterwalder United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan
Frank T. Anbari Goodwin College of Professional Studies at Drexel
University, USA
Ladislav Janoušek Zilina University, Zilina, Slovakia
Michael Stankosky The George Washington University, USA
Pawel Sobcyak Academy of Business, Olkusz, Poland
Marek Walancik Wyzsza Szkola Biznesu, Dabrowie Gorniczej, Poland
Joanna Kurowska Pysz Strada CONSULTING, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
Thomas Palatin Vienna Business Agency, Vienna, Austria
Walter Mayrhofer Fraunhofer, Wien, Austria
Ullas Ehrlich Tallinna Tehnikaulikool, Tallinn, Estonia
Avinash W. Kolhatkar Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and
Technology, India
Nikolay Madzharov Technical University of Gabrovo, Dryanovo, Bulgaria
Dorin-Dumitru Lucache Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi,
Romania
Cristian-Gyözö Haba Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi,
Romania
Florinda Matos President of the ICAA (Intellectual Capital
Accreditation Association), Portugal
Ettore Bolisani University of Padova, Italy
Ilpo Pohjola University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Enrico Scarso University of Padova, Italy
Eduardo Tome Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
Jose Maria Viedma Marti Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
Malgorzata Zieba Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Atul Borade Jawaharlal Darda Institute of Engineering and
Technology, India
Shawn Chen Sias Group, Inc., China
Małgorzata Zięba Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
XVIII Conference Organization
Florian Marcel Nuta Danubius University, Romania

Sergey Zapryagaev Voronezh State University, Russia
Janusz K. Grabara Polish Journal of Management Studies/Czestochowa
University of Technology, Poland
Giorgos Cristonakis Berlin School of Economics and Law, Germany
Emanuel-Stefan Marinescu Danubius University, Romania
Yhing Sawheny Siam University, Thailand
John Kelly Cascaid, USA
Abdul Dewale Mohammed The Association of Universities of Asia and the Pacific/
Africa Asia Scholars Global Network, UK
Gabriela Koľveková Technical University of Košice, Slovakia
Roswitha Wiedenhofer University of Applied Sciences, Austria
Dr. Carmen Sirbu Danubius University, Romania
Ania Saniuk University of Zielona Gora, Poland
SUMS 2015
Steering Committee
Alberto Leon-Garcia University of Toronto, Canada
Victor Leung University of British Columbia, Canada
General Chair
Victor Leung University of British Columbia, Canada
Program Chair
Mohamed El-Darieby University of Regina, Canada
Program Co-chair
Peter Chong Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Yaser P. Fallah West Virginia University, USA
Edith C.-H. Ngai Uppsala University, Sweden
Publicity Chair
Kaveh Shafiee Wind River Systems
Web Chair
Kim Nguyen L’École de technologie supérieure de Montréal, Canada
Conference Organization XIX

Nawaz Ali Khulna University of Engineering & Technology,
Bangladesh
Onur Altintas Toyota InfoTechnology Center
Abdul Bais University of Regina, Canada
Farshid Hassani Uppsala University, Sweden
Bijarbooneh
Parsad Calyam University of Missouri, USA
Berk Canberk Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Supriyo Chakraborty IBM, USA
Floriano De Rango University of Calabria, Italy
Maher Elshakankiri University of Regina, Canada
Somak D. Gupta University of California Berkeley, USA
Xiping Hu University of British Columbia, Canada
Manijeh Keshtgari Shiraz University of Technology, Iran
Steven Ko University of Buffalo, USA
Vinod Kulathumani West Virginia University, USA
Arun Kumar NTHU Taiwan
Qi Li Tsinghua University Shenzhen, China
Xi Li Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Xuejun Li New Zealand
Qiang Liu National University of Defense Technology
Rongxing Lu Singapore
Jonathan Petit University College, Cork, Ireland
Boon-Chong Seet AUT, New Zealand
Kaveh Shafiee Wind River Systems
Zhengguo Sheng University of Sussex, UK
Hnin Yu Shwe NTU, Singapore
Houbing Song WVU Institute of Technology, USA
Weibin Sun Google Inc., USA
Daxin Tian Beihang University, China
Ke Wang BUPT, China
Kun Xie Hunan University, China
Heli Zhang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,
China
Minglong Zhang CUHK, Hong Kong, SAR China
Yin Zhang Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, China
Jason Zheng Song Virginia Tech, USA
Xun Zhou The University of Iowa, USA
XX Conference Organization
SWIT-Health 2015
Steering Committee
Benny Lo Imperial College, London, UK
General Chair
Benny Lo Imperial College, London, UK
General Co-chair
Joseph A. Cafazzo University of Toronto, Canada
Program Chair
Min Chen Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
China
Ilangko Balasingham Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
Web Chair
Harshvardhan Vathsangam University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

Gaetano Valenza University of Pisa and Harvard Medical School,
Italy/USA

Jianqing Wang Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
William Scanlon Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Lorenzo Mucchi University of Florence, Italy
Thomas Lindh KTH, Sweden
Josep Miquel Jornet University at Buffalo, The State University
of New York, USA
Matti Hämäläinen University of Oulu, Finland
Laura Galluccio University of Catania, Italy
Daisuke Anzai Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan
Huan-Bang Li NICT
Yan Zhang Simula Research Laboratory
Raul Chavez-Santiago Oslo University Hospital, Norway
Pål Anders Floor Norwegian University of Science and Technology,
Norway
Conference Organization XXI
Kimmo Kansanen Norwegian University of Science and Technology,

Norway
Gill Tsouri Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
Chunming Rong University of Stavanger, Norway
Thomas Plagemann University of Oslo, Norway
Wei Xiang University of Southern Queensland, Australia
Ying Hu Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
China
Jiafu Wan South China Unviersity of Technology, China
Yin Zhang Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
China
Kai Lin Dalian University of Technology, China
Limei Peng Ajou University, Korea
S2CT 2015
Steering Committee
Bill Hutchison i-Canada Alliance, Canada
General Chair
Bill Hutchison i-Canada Alliance, Canada
Conference Track Chair

Mohamed Cheriet Ecole de Technologie Superieure, University of
Quebec, Montreal, Canada
Conference Track Co-chair

Charles Despins Prompt Quebec, Canada
Réjean Samson Ecole de Polytechnique of Montreal, Canada
Conference Track Web Chair

Kim Nguyen University of Quebec’s Ecole de Technologie
Superieure, Canada
Conference Track Publicity Chair

Jacques Mc Neil Prompt Quebec, Canada
XXII Conference Organization

Raouf Boutaba University of Waterloo, Canada
Cees de Laat University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Charles Despins ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Rejean Samson École Polytechnique of Montreal, Canada
Fabrice Labeau McGill University, Canada
Alex Galis University College London, UK
Stephane Coulombe ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Rashid Mijumbi Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain
Chamseddine Talhi ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Tortonesi Mauro University of Ferrara, Italy
Kim Nguyen ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Magnus Olsson Ericsson Research, Sweden
Makan Pourzandi Ericsson Research, Canada
Tereza Cristina M.B. Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Carvalho
Benoit Tremblay Ericsson Research, Canada
Daniel C. Moura Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial,
Portugal
Ali Kanso Ericsson Research, Canada
Carol Fung Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
Abdelouahed Gherbi ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Walter Cerroni University of Bologna, Italy
Wessam Ajib University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
Weverton Luis da Costa Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Cordeiro
Mohamed Faten Zhani ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Paul Steenhof CSA Group, Canada
Halima Elbiaze University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada
Reza Farrahi ÉTS, University of Quebec, Canada
Thomas Dandres École Polytechnique of Montreal, Canada
SGSC 2015
Steering Committee
Deepa Kundur University of Toronto, Canada
General Chair
Deepa Kundur University of Toronto, Canada
Conference Organization XXIII
Program Chair
Hamed Mohsenian-Rad University of California Riverside
Program Co-chair
Yonghui Li University of Sydney, Australia
Hao Liang University of Alberta, Canada
Islam Safak Bayram Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute,
Qatar
Javad Lavaei Columbia University, USA
Chris Develder Ghent University, Belgium
Jiming Chen Zhejiang University, China
Chen-Ching Liu Washington State University, USA
Web Chair
Kim Nguyen L’École de technologie supérieure de Montréal, Canada

Masoud Abbaszadeh General Electric Global Research
Mahnoosh Alizadeh Stanford University, USA
Chen Chen Argonne National Laboratory
Guo Chen University of Sydney, Australia
Dae-Hyun Choi Chung-Ang University, South Korea
Ruilong Deng Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Darish Fooladivanda University of Toronto, Canada
Nikolaos Gatsis University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
Wibowo Hardjawana University of Sydney, Australia
Miao He Texas Tech University, USA
Muhammad Ismail Texas A&M University at Qatar
Melike Erol Kantarci Clarkson University, USA
Jang-Won Lee Yonsei University, South Korea
Jin Ma University of Sydney, Australia
Angelos Marnerides Liverpool John Moores University, UK
Seyedbehzad Nabavi North Carolina State University, USA
HyungSeon Oh University of New York at Buffalo, USA
Yuexing Peng Beijing University of Post and Telecommunications,
China
Shaolei Ren Florida International University, USA
Petros Spachos University of Toronto, Canada
Himal A. Suraweera University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Gregor Verbic University of Sydney, Australia
Chenye Wu University of California, Berkeley, USA
Yunjian Xu Singapore University of Technology and Design,
Singapore
XXIV Conference Organization
Qinmin Yang Zhejiang University, China

Vahraz Zamani University of California San Diego, USA
Saman Aliari Zonouz Rutgers University, USA
BigDASC 2015
Steering Committee
Nick Cercone York University, Canada
General Chair
Nick Cercone York University, Canada
Program Chair
Ali Tizghadam University of Toronto/TELUS, Canada
Program Co-chair
Fred Popowich Simon Fraser University, Canada
Web Chair
Kim Nguyen University of Quebec’s École de technologie
supérieure, Canada

Lyn Bartram Simon Fraser University, Canada
Mike Bauer University of Western Ontario, Canada
Christine Chan University of Regina, Canada
James Elder York University, Canada
Esteban Feuerstein Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Randy Goebel University of Alberta, Canada
Ling Guan Ryerson University, Canada
Vlado Keselj Dalhousie University, Canada
Marin Litoiu York University, Canada
Stephen Makonin Simon Fraser University, Canada
Alan Mackworth University of British Columbia, Canada
Hausi Muller University of Victoria, Canada
Bill Oliphant Fuseforward Systems
Jian Pei Simon Fraser University, Canada
Stephen Perelgut IBM Canada University Relations Manager, Canada
Pascal Perez University of Wollongong, Australia
Conference Organization XXV
Eleni Pratsini IBM Research Dublin, Ireland

Tim Scully Data to Decisions CRC, Australia
Richard O. Sinnott University of Melbourne, Australia
Jacob Slonim Dalhousie University, Canada
Guhno Sohn York University, Canada
Maria Cristina Soares ICICT/Fiocruz, Brazil
Guimaraes
Renato Rocha Souza EMAp/FGV, Brazil
Graham Toppin, Aziiri
Jennifer McArthur Ryerson University, Canada
Contents
SUMS
A Survey on Mobile Sensing Based Mood-Fatigue Detection for Drivers . . . . 3

Wei Tu, Lei Wei, Wenyan Hu, Zhengguo Sheng, Hasen Nicanfar,
Xiping Hu, Edith C.-H. Ngai, and Victor C.M. Leung
Straight from the Horse’s Mouth: “I am an Electric Vehicle User,

I am a Risk Taker.” [EV14, M, c. 30] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Eiman Y. ElBanhawy
Automated Pedestrians Data Collection Using Computer Vision . . . . . . . . . . 31

Tarek Sayed, Mohamed Zaki, and Ahmed Tageldin
5G-Optimizing Network Coverage in Radio Self Organizing Networks

by M/L Based Beam Tilt Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Premkumar Karthikeyan, Nagabushanam Hari Kumar,
and Srinivasan Aishwarya
Understanding Intercity Freeway Traffic Variability at Holidays

Using Anonymous Cell Phone Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Gang Liu, Chenhao Wang, and Tony Z. Qiu
Privacy-Enhanced Android for Smart Cities Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Matthew Lepinski, David Levin, Daniel McCarthy, Ronald Watro,
Michael Lack, Daniel Hallenbeck, and David Slater
Towards Smart City Implementations in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case

of Public Transportation in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Jonathan Ouoba, Tegawendé F. Bissyandé, and Cédric Béré
Connecting Digital Cities: Return of Experience on the Development

of a Data Platform for Multimodal Journey Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Jonathan Ouoba, Janne Lahti, and Jukka Ahola
Development of Route Accessibility Index to Support Wayfinding

for People with Disabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Jonathan A. Duvall, Jonathan L. Pearlman, and Hassan A. Karimi
Simulating Adaptive, Personalized, Multi-modal Mobility in Smart Cities . . . 113

Andreas Poxrucker, Gernot Bahle, and Paul Lukowicz
Feature-Based Room-Level Localization of Unmodified Smartphones . . . . . . 125

Jiaxing Shen, Jiannong Cao, Xuefeng Liu, Jiaqi Wen, and Yuanyi Chen
XXVIII Contents
The Charging Personas of the E-Mobility Users of Newcastle-Gateshead

Urban Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Eiman Y. ElBanhawy
SWIT-Health
Segmentation by Data Point Classification Applied to Forearm

Surface EMG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Jonathan Feng-Shun Lin, Ali-Akbar Samadani, and Dana Kulić
On the Use of Consumer-Grade Activity Monitoring Devices to Improve

Predictions of Glycemic Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Chandra Krintz, Rich Wolski, Jordan E. Pinsker, Stratos Dimopoulos,
John Brevik, and Eyal Dassau
Design and Implementation of a Remotely Configurable and Manageable

Well-being Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Sudip Vhaduri and Christian Poellabauer
A Novel Wayfinding Service for Empowering Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . 192

Hassan A. Karimi, Janice C. Zgibor, Gretchen A. Piatt,
and Monsak Socharoentum
S2CT
Toward an Architectural Model for Highly-Dynamic Multi-tenant

Multi-service Cloud-Oriented Platforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Adel Titous, Mohamed Cheriet, and Abdelouahed Gherbi
Large Scale Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks with Applications

in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Hossein Shafieirad, Raviraj S. Adve, and Shahram ShahbazPanahi
Applications and Challenges of Life Cycle Assessment in the Context

of a Green Sustainable Telco Cloud . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Thomas Dandres, Reza Farrahi Moghaddam, Kim Nguyen,
Yves Lemieux, Mohamed Cheriet, and Réjean Samson
M2M Middleware Based on OpenMTC Platform for Enabling Smart

Cities Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Maman Abdurohman, Arif Sasongko, and Anton Herutomo
Hyper Heterogeneous Cloud-Based IMS Software Architecture:

A Proof-of-Concept and Empirical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Pascal Potvin, Hanen Garcia Gamardo, Kim-Khoa Nguyen,
and Mohamed Cheriet
Contents XXIX
Micro Service Cloud Computing Pattern for Next Generation Networks. . . . . 263
Pascal Potvin, Mahdy Nabaee, Fabrice Labeau, Kim-Khoa Nguyen,
and Mohamed Cheriet
SGSC
Economic Analysis of Chemical Energy Storage Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Parvez Ahmed Khan and Bala Venkatesh
Trends in Short-Term Renewable and Load Forecasting for Applications

in Smart Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
Dongchan Lee, Jangwon Park, and Deepa Kundur
An Overview of Smart Grids in the GCC Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

İslam Şafak Bayram and Hamed Mohsenian-Rad
Smart Grid for Smart City Activities in the California City of Riverside . . . . 314
Hamed Mohsenian-Rad and Ed Cortez
Power Consumption Scheduling for Future Connected Smart Homes

Using Bi-Level Cost-Wise Optimization Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
Mohammad Hossein Yaghmaee, Morteza Moghaddassian,
and Alberto Leon Garcia
Wind Resource Assessment of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona . . . . . . . . 339

Guillaume Caniot, María Bullido García, Stephane Sanquer,
Starsky Naya, and Emili del Pozo
User Behavior Modeling for Estimating Residential Energy Consumption . . . 348

Baris Aksanli, Alper Sinan Akyurek, and Tajana Simunic Rosing
Secure Management and Processing of Metered Data in the Cloud . . . . . . . . 362

Bokun Zhang, Pirathayini Srikantha, and Deepa Kundur
A Secure Cloud Architecture for Data Generated in the Energy Sector. . . . . . 374
Michael Pham-Hung, Pirathayini Srikantha, and Deepa Kundur
Network-Aware QoS Routing for Smart Grids Using Software

Defined Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Jinjing Zhao, Eman Hammad, Abdallah Farraj, and Deepa Kundur
Self-healing Restoration of Smart Microgrids in Islanded Mode

of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
M. ZakiEl-Sharafy and H.E. Farag
Energy Efficient Data Centres Within Smart Cities: IaaS and PaaS
Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Corentin Dupont, Mehdi Sheikhalishahi, Federico M. Facca,
and Silvio Cretti
XXX Contents
BigDASC
Sipresk: A Big Data Analytic Platform for Smart Transportation . . . . . . . . . . 419

Hamzeh Khazaei, Saeed Zareian, Rodrigo Veleda, and Marin Litoiu
Day-Ahead Electricity Spike Price Forecasting Using a Hybrid Neural

Network-Based Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Harmanjot Singh Sandhu, Liping Fang, and Ling Guan
Transportation Big Data Simulation Platform for the Greater Toronto

Area (GTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
Islam R. Kamel, Hossam Abdelgawad, and Baher Abdulhai
Appliance Water Disaggregation via Non-intrusive Load

Monitoring (NILM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Bradley Ellert, Stephen Makonin, and Fred Popowich
Seismic Source Modeling by Clustering Earthquakes and Predicting

Earthquake Magnitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
Mahdi Hashemi and Hassan A. Karimi
Restaurant Sales and Customer Demand Forecasting: Literature Survey

and Categorization of Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Agnieszka Lasek, Nick Cercone, and Jim Saunders
Visualizing a City Within a City – Mapping Mobility Within a University

Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Dirk Ahlers, Kristoffer Gebuhr Aulie, Jeppe Eriksen, and John Krogstie
BIM for Corporate Real Estate Data Visualization from Disparate Systems. . . . 504
S. Lazar and J.J. McArthur
A Naive Bayesian Classification Model for Determining Peak Energy

Demand in Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Bon Ryu, Tokunbo Makanju, Agnieszka Lasek, Xiangdong An,
and Nick Cercone
MOBI Danube
Eco-Innovation in Manufacturing Process in Automotive Industry . . . . . . . . . 533

Martin Spirko, Daniela Spirkova, Dagmar Caganova, and Manan Bawa
Knowledge Management in the Marketing Mix of Small Food Businesses . . . 541

Michal Pružinský
Some Reflections on the Determinants of ICT Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Menbere Workie Tiruneh
Contents XXXI
Social Media Communication: Re-creating the Context of Social Gaming . . . 559

Predrag K. Nikolic and Jelena S. Stankovic
The Requirements to Develop a Competency Model for the Position

of a Team Leader in Industrial Enterprises in Slovakia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
Barbora Sokolovská, Dagmar Cagáňová, and Kristína Kašníková
Traffic Signs in Urban Logistics with the Use of RFID Technology . . . . . . . 584
Michal Balog, Erik Szilagyi, and Miroslav Mindas
Informatization of Rail Freight Wagon by Implementation

of the RFID Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Michal Balog and Miroslav Mindas
Development of Costs of Living in the South Moravian Region

of the Czech Republic, and Affordable Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Pavel Zufan
Importance of Internet of Things and Big Data in Building Smart City

and What Would Be Its Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
Manan Bawa, Dagmar Caganova, Ivan Szilva, and Daniela Spirkova
Socio-Economics Aspects of Housing Quality in the Context

of Energy Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
Daniela Spirkova, Maria Zubkova, Janka Babelova,
and Dagmar Caganova
SustainableMoG
Identification of Key Supply Chain Elements from the Supply Chain

Resilience Viewpoint Using the Computer Simulation and Design
of Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
Radim Lenort, Pavel Wicher, Eva Jarošová, Marek Karkula, David Staš,
and David Holman
Traditional Cost Accounting as the Key Obstacle to Reach Sustainable

SCM Solution in the Industry of the 3rd Millennium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
Jiří Michna, David Holman, Radim Lenort, David Staš,
and Pavel Wicher
Green Supply Chain Design Considering Warehousing and Transportation . . . 648

Ingo Gestring
The Challenges of Sustainable Logistics in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659

Jorma Imppola
Technology Transfer – Case of Slovak Academic Environment. . . . . . . . . . . 671

Jana Kundríková, Anna Závodská, and Jakub Soviar
XXXII Contents
Marketing Communications and Its Sustainable Influence on Different

Generations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681
Michal Varmus and Milan Kubina
Sustainable E-marketing of Selected Tourism Subjects from the

Mediterranean Through Active Online Reputation Management . . . . . . . . . . 692
František Pollák, Peter Dorčák, Nikola Račeta, and Nella Svetozarovová
Approaches to Analysis of the Green Transport Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704

David Staš, Radim Lenort, Pavel Wicher, and David Holman
Influence of Traffic Congestions on Safety Stock in Company . . . . . . . . . . . 713

Juraj Dubovec, Jana Makyšová, and Milan Kubina
SmartCityCom
Place Attachment and Social Communities in the Concept of Smart Cities . . . 721
Matej Jaššo and Dagmar Petríková
Generative Green Building Design, Computational Analysis

of the Ecological Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
Martin Uhrík and Ondrej Kövér
Using the Means-Ends Approach to Understand the Value of Sustainability

on the Property Market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738
Michal Gluszak and Małgorzata Zięba
Being Smart in Project Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750

Karolína Hanulíková, Marcel Martišek, and Tomáš Uhlík
Economic and Social Effects of Urbanization - Case Study Analysis . . . . . . . 760

Anna Wojewnik-Filipkowska
Involvement of Smart Cities Citizens to Global Cooperation in Research

and Education in Space - Architectural and Urban Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 774
Pavel Nahálka, Eva Oravcová, and Milan Andráš
Knowledge of University Knowledge Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783

Jozef Hvorecký
Issues of Hazardous Materials Transport and Possibilities of Safety

Measures in the Concept of Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
Vladimír Adamec, Barbora Schüllerová, and Vojtěch Adam
Changes in the Demographic Structure of the Central City in the Light

of the Suburbanization Process (The Study of Poznań). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800
Maria Trojanek, Justyna Tanaś, and Radosław Trojanek
Contents XXXIII
Bratislava Towards Achieving the Concept of Smart City: Inspirations

from Smart City Vienna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
Andrej Adamuscin, Julius Golej, and Miroslav Panik
Urban Safety as Spatial Quality in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821

Maroš Finka, Vladimír Ondrejička, and Ľubomír Jamečný
ENERGY PARK BUILDING 03 – Certified Under Platinum LEED

for Core & Shell v2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830
Marzia Morena, Angela Silvia Pavesi, and Andrej Adamuščin
Energy-Efficient Buildings in Slovakia: Green Atrium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 842

Miroslav Panik, Andrej Adamuscin, and Julius Golej
Influence of Urban Renewal on the Assessment of Housing Market

in the Context of Sustainable Socioeconomic City Development . . . . . . . . . . 851
Sławomir Palicki and Izabela Rącka
Using Visual Lane Detection to Control Steering in a Self-driving Vehicle. . . 861

Kevin McFall
Environmental Management as Part of a Socially Responsible Behavior

in the Volkswagen Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
Marcela Basovnikova, Daniela Spirkova, and Roman Dubovy
Improving Urban Noise Monitoring Opportunities via Mobile

Crowd-Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
Marco Zappatore, Antonella Longo, Mario A. Bochicchio,
Daniele Zappatore, Alessandro A. Morrone, and Gianluca De Mitri
Seniors’ Life Satisfaction in Regions of the Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898

Martina Rašticová, Naďa Birčiaková, Ivana Kolářová,
and Kateřina Rampulová
Comparison of Historical and Physical Models to Predict Marginal

Electricity in the Context of Cloud Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909
Constant Vallée-Schmitter, Thomas Dandres, Yves Lemieux,
and Réjean Samson
How to Address Behavioral Issues in the Environmental Assessment

of Complex Systems: Case of a Smart Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 911
Julien Walzberg, Thomas Dandres, Mohamed Cheriet,
and Réjean Samson
A Novel Approach to Enabling Sustainable Actions in the Context of Smart

House/Smart City Verticals Using Autonomous, Cloud-Enabled
Smart Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Reza Farrahi Moghaddam, Yves Lemieux, and Mohamed Cheriet
Another random document with
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About eight o’clock, the streets began again to be crowded. The
barrooms and public resorts were closed, that the incentive to
precipitate action might not be too readily accessible. Nevertheless
there was much excitement, and among the crowd were many men
from the country, who carried shot and duck guns, and old-fashioned
horse-pistols, such as the “Maryland line” might have carried from
the first to the present war. The best weapons appeared to be in the
hands of young men—boys of eighteen—with the physique, dress and
style of deportment cultivated by the “Dead Rabbits” of New York.
About ten o’clock, a cry was raised that 3,000 Pennsylvania troops
were at the Calvert street depot of the Pennsylvania railroad, and
were about to take up their line of march through the city. It was said
that the 3,000 were at Pikesville, about fifteen miles from the city,
and were going to fight their way around the city. The crowd were
not disposed to interfere with a movement that required a
preliminary tramp of fifteen miles through a heavy sand. But the city
authorities, however, rapidly organized and armed some three or
four companies and sent them towards Pikesville. Ten of the Adams’
Express wagons passed up Baltimore street, loaded with armed men.
In one or two there were a number of mattresses, as if wounded men
were anticipated. A company of cavalry also started for Pikesville to
sustain the infantry that had been expressed. Almost before the last
of the expedition had left the city limits, word was telegraphed to
Marshal Kane by Mayor Brown from Washington, that the
government had ordered the Pennsylvania troops back to
Harrisburgh, from the point they had been expected to move on to
Baltimore. It seemed incredible, but, of course, satisfactory to the
belligerents.
The moment it was known that the government had abandoned
the intention of forcing troops through Baltimore, this intense
commotion settled into comparative calm, but the city was forced to
feel the effect of its own folly. The regular passenger trains north had
been stopped.
Many business men have been utterly ruined by the extraordinary
position into which the city was plunged through the action of the
mob. Capital has been swept away, and commercial advantages
sacrificed, that no time or enterprise can replace. Those engaged in
trade, have no part in these troubles except to suffer. The mob had
them in complete subjection, and a stain has been cast on the city
which no time can efface. Yet the whole of this attack was doubtless
the work of those classes who form the bane and dregs of society, in
every great city; after events have proved that it was the uprising of a
lawless mob, not the expression of a people. But the Mayor of the city
and the Governor of the State were for a few days in which these
revolters triumphed alike powerless. In this strait they notified the
authorities in Washington that troops could not be passed through
that city without bloodshed.
The difficulties and dangers of the 19th of April were speedily
removed by President Lincoln’s determination to march troops
intended for Washington by another route, backed by the
determination and efficiency of the government and by the supplies
which were sent to the aid of loyal men of the city and State, and
thereby Maryland has been saved from anarchy, desolation and ruin.
The work of impious hands was stayed—a star preserved to our
banner, and the right vindicated without unnecessary loss of life! But
nothing save great caution and forbearance almost unparalleled in
civil wars, rescued Baltimore from destruction.
When the news of the disaster to the brave Massachusetts
regiment reached the old Bay State, a feeling of profound sorrow and
deep indignation seized upon the people. Troops gathered to the
rescue in battalions, armed men arose at every point, and every
railroad verging toward Washington became a great military
highway. Not only Massachusetts, but all New England looked upon
the outrage with generous indignation, as if each State had seen its
own sons stricken down. It seemed to be a strife of patriotism which
should get its men first to the field. Directly after the Massachusetts
troops, the first regiment of Rhode Island Volunteers passed through
New York, on their way to the South. Governor Sprague, who had
magnanimously contributed one hundred thousand dollars to the
cause, accompanied these troops, as commander-in-chief of the
Rhode Island forces. His staff consisted of Colonels Frieze, Goddard,
Arnold, and Captain A. W. Chapin, Assistant Adjutant-General. And
this was followed by a continued rush of armed men till all the great
thoroughfares leading to the capital bristled with steel, and
reverberated with the tramp of soldiery.
Governor Andrews sent to Maryland requesting that the martyred
soldiers should be reverently sent back to Massachusetts, that the
State might give them honored burial. This request was complied
with, Governor Hicks responding in a delicate and sympathetic
manner, and not only Massachusetts but a whole nation awarded
them the glory of first dying for a country that will never forget them.
The names of these men were, Sumner H. Needham, of Lawrence;
Addison O. Whitney, of Lowell City Guards; and Luther C. Ladd,
Lowell City Guards.
MILITARY OCCUPATION OF ANNAPOLIS,
Md.
April 21, 1861.
On the 18th of April, the Eighth Massachusetts regiment, under

the command of General Butler, left Boston for Washington. On
arriving at Philadelphia, he ascertained that all communication with
Washington by the ordinary line of travel through Baltimore had
been cut off, and telegraphic operations suspended. He proceeded to
the Susquehanna river, and at Perryville seized the immense ferry-
boat “Maryland,” belonging to the railroad company, and steamed
with his regiment for Annapolis. Through the supposed treachery of
the pilot, the boat was grounded on the bar before that place, and
they were detained over night. The arrival of troops at this point
proved of vital importance. A conspiracy had been formed by a band
of secessionists to seize the old frigate Constitution, which lay
moored at the wharf of the Naval Academy at that place, being in
service as a school for the cadets. Captain Devereux, with his
company, was ordered to take possession of the noble old craft,
which was promptly done, and the vessel towed to a safe distance
from the landing. Governor Hicks, of Maryland, hearing of their
arrival, sent a protest against troops being landed at that place.
On Monday, the 22d, the troops landed at the Naval Academy,
followed by the New York Seventh regiment, which had just arrived
on board the steamer Boston, from Philadelphia, by the help of
which vessel the Maryland was enabled to get off the bar.
In order to insure the ready transportation of troops and
provisions which were to follow him by the same route, General
Butler seized several vessels in the neighborhood, and promptly
entered them into the United States service. Meantime a
Pennsylvania regiment had arrived at Havre de Grace, and,
anticipating the speedy accession of reinforcements from New York
by water, three companies of the Eighth Massachusetts were
detached as an engineer corps to repair the road to the Annapolis
and Elk Ridge Railroad, of which General Butler had taken military
possession.
The Seventy-first New York and other regiments having arrived
during the night of April 23d, early on the following morning the
Seventh regiment, from New York, took up its line of march on the
track to Washington Junction. A member of this regiment, young
O’Brien the poet, pays a merited tribute to the brave men who
preceded them:
On the morning of the 22d we were in sight of Annapolis, off which
the Constitution was lying, and there found the Eighth regiment of
Massachusetts volunteers on board the Maryland. They were
aground, owing, it is supposed, to the treachery of the captain, whom
they put in irons and wanted to hang. I regret to say that they did not
do it. During the greater portion of that forenoon we were occupied
in trying to get the Maryland off the sand-bar on which she was
grounded. From our decks we could see the men in file trying to rock
her, so as to facilitate our tugging. These men were without water
and without food, were well-conducted and uncomplaining, and
behaved in all respects like heroes. They were under the command of
Colonel Butler, and I regret that that gentleman did not care more
for the comforts of men whose subsequent pluck proved that nothing
was too good for them.
On the afternoon of the 22d we landed at the Annapolis dock, after
having spent hours in trying to relieve the Maryland. For the first
time in his life your correspondent was put to work to roll flour-
barrels. He was entrusted with the honorable and onerous duty of
transporting stores from the steamer to the dock. Later still he
descended to the position of mess servant, when, in company with
gentlemen well known in Broadway for immaculate kids, he had the
honor of attending on his company with buckets of cooked meat and
crackers—the only difference between him and Co. and the ordinary
waiter being, that the former were civil.
We were quartered in the buildings belonging to the Naval School
at Annapolis. I had a bunking-place in what is there called a fort,
which is a rickety structure that a lucifer match would set on fire, but
furnished with imposing guns. I suppose it was merely built to
practice the cadets, because as a defence it is worthless. The same
evening boats were sent off from the yard, and towards nightfall the
Massachusetts men landed, fagged, hungry, thirsty, but indomitable.
The two days that we remained at Annapolis were welcome. We
had been without a fair night’s sleep since we left New York, and
even the hard quarters we had there were a luxury compared to the
dirty decks of the Boston. Besides, there were natural attractions.
The grounds are very prettily laid out, and in the course of my
experience I never saw a handsomer or better bred set of young men
than the cadets. Twenty had left the school owing to political
convictions. The remainder are sound Union fellows, eager to prove
their devotion to the flag. After spending a delightful time in the
Navy School, resting and amusing ourselves, our repose was
disturbed at 9 P. M., April 23, by rockets being thrown up in the bay.
The men were scattered all over the grounds; some in bed, others
walking or smoking, all more or less undressed. The rockets being of
a suspicious character, it was conjectured that a Southern fleet was
outside, and our drummer beat the rollcall to arms. From the stroke
of the drum until the time that every man, fully equipped and in
fighting order, was in the ranks, was exactly, by watch, seven
minutes. The alarm, however, proved to be false, the vessels in the
offing proving to be laden with the Seventy-first and other New York
regiments; so that, after an unpremeditated trial of our readiness for
action, we were permitted to retire to our couches, which means,
permit me to say, a blanket on the floor, with a military overcoat over
you, and a nasal concert all around you, that, in noise and number,
outvies Musard’s concerts monstres.
On the morning of the 24th of April we started on what afterwards
proved to be one of the hardest marches on record. The secessionists
of Annapolis and the surrounding districts had threatened to cut us
off in our march, and even went so far as to say that they would
attack our quarters. The dawn saw us up. Knapsacks, with our
blankets and overcoats strapped on them, were piled on the green. A
brief and insufficient breakfast was taken, our canteens filled with
vinegar and water, cartridges distributed to each man, and after
mustering and loading, we started on our first march through a
hostile country.
General Scott has stated, as I have been informed, that the march
that we performed from Annapolis to the Junction is one of the most
remarkable on record. I know that I felt it the most fatiguing, and
some of our officers have told me that it was the most perilous. We
marched the first eight miles under a burning sun, in heavy
marching order, in less than three hours; and it is well known that,
placing all elementary considerations out of the way, marching on a
railroad track is the most harassing. We started at about 8 o’clock, A.
M., and for the first time saw the town of Annapolis, which, without
any disrespect to that place, I may say looked very much as if some
celestial schoolboy, with a box of toys under his arm, had dropped a
few houses and men as he was going home from school, and that the
accidental settlement was called Annapolis. Through the town we
marched, the people unsympathizing, but afraid. They saw the
Seventh for the first time, and for the first time they realized the men
that they had threatened.
The tracks had been torn up between Annapolis and the Junction,
and here it was that the wonderful qualities of the Massachusetts
Eighth regiment came out. The locomotives had been taken to pieces
by the inhabitants, in order to prevent our travel. In steps a
Massachusetts volunteer, looks at the piece-meal engine, takes up a
flange, and says coolly, “I made this engine, and I can put it together
again.” Engineers were wanted when the engine was ready. Nineteen
stepped out of the ranks. The rails were torn up. Practical railroad
makers out of the regiment laid them again, and all this, mind you,
without care or food. These brave boys, I say, were starving while
they were doing this good work. As we marched along the track that
they had laid, they greeted us with ranks of smiling but hungry faces.
One boy told me, with a laugh on his young lips, that he had not
eaten anything for thirty hours. There was not, thank God, a
haversack in our regiment that was not emptied into the hands of
these ill-treated heroes, nor a flask that was not at their disposal.
Our march lay through an arid, sandy, tobacco-growing country.
The sun poured on our heads like hot lava. The Sixth and Second
companies were sent on for skirmishing duty, under the command of
Captains Clarke and Nevers, the latter commanding as senior officer.
A car, on which was placed a howitzer, loaded with grape and
canister, headed the column, manned by the engineer and artillery
corps, commanded by Lieutenant Bunting. This was the rallying
point of the skirmishing party, on which, in case of difficulty, they
could fall back. In the centre of the column came the cars, laden with
medical stores, and bearing our sick and wounded, while the extreme
rear was brought up with a second howitzer, loaded also with grape
and canister. The engineer corps, of course, had to do the forwarding
work. New York dandies, sir—but they built bridges, laid rails, and
headed the regiment through. After marching about eight miles,
during which time several men caved in from exhaustion, and one
young gentleman was sunstruck, and sent back to New York, we
halted, and instantly, with the divine instinct which characterizes the
hungry soldier, proceeded to forage. The worst of it was, there was
no foraging to be done. The only house within reach was inhabited by
a lethargic person, who, like most Southern men, had no idea of
gaining money by labor. We offered him extravagant prices to get us
fresh water, and it was with the utmost reluctance that we could get
him to obtain us a few pailfuls. Over the mantel-piece of his
miserable shanty I saw—a curious coincidence—the portrait of
Colonel Duryea, of our regiment.
After a brief rest of about an hour, we again commenced our
march; a march which lasted until the next morning—a march than
which in history, nothing but those marches in which defeated troops
have fled from the enemy, can equal. Our Colonel, it seems,
determined to march by railroad, in preference to the common road,
inasmuch as he had obtained such secret information as led him to
suppose that we were waited for on the latter route. Events justified
his judgment. There were cavalry troops posted in defiles to cut us
off. They could not have done it, of course, but they could have
harassed us severely. As we went along the railroad we threw out
skirmishing parties from the Second and Sixth companies, to keep
the road clear. I know not if I can describe that night’s march. I have
dim recollections of deep cuts through which we passed, gloomy and
treacherous-looking, with the moon shining full on our muskets,
while the banks were wrapped in shade, and each moment expecting
to see the flash and hear the crack of the rifle of the Southern
guerilla. The tree frogs and lizards made a mournful music as we
passed. The soil on which we travelled was soft and heavy. The
sleepers, lying at intervals across the track, made the march terribly
fatiguing. On all sides dark, lonely pine woods stretched away, and
high over the hooting of owls, or the plaintive petition of the whip-
poor-will, rose the bass commands of “Halt! Forward, march!”—and
when we came to any ticklish spot, the word would run from the
head of the column along the lines, “Holes,” “Bridge—pass it along,”
&c.
As the night wore on, the monotony of the march became
oppressive. Owing to our having to explore every inch of the way, we
did not make more than a mile or a mile and a half an hour. We ran
out of stimulants, and almost out of water. Most of us had not slept
for four nights, and as the night advanced our march was almost a
stagger. This was not so much fatigue as want of excitement. Our
fellows were spoiling for a light, and when a dropping shot was heard
in the distance, it was wonderful to see how the languid legs
straightened, and the column braced itself for action. If we had had
even the smallest kind of a skirmish, the men would have been able
to walk to Washington. As it was, we went sleepily on. I myself fell
asleep, walking in the ranks. Numbers, I find, followed my example;
but never before was there shown such indomitable pluck and
perseverance as the Seventh showed in that march of twenty miles.
The country that we passed through seemed to have been entirely
deserted. The inhabitants, who were going to kill us when they
thought we daren’t come through, now vamosed their respective
ranches, and we saw them not. Houses were empty. The population
retired into the interior, burying their money, and carrying their
families along with them. They, it seems, were under the impression
that we came to ravage and pillage, and they fled, as the Gauls must
have fled, when Attila and his Huns came down on them from the
North. As we did at Annapolis, we did in Maryland State. We left an
impression that cannot be forgotten. Everything was paid for. No
discourtesy was offered to any inhabitant, and the sobriety of the
regiment should be an example to others. Nothing could have been
more effective or energetic than the movements of the Engineer
Corps, to whom we were indebted for the rebuilding of a bridge in an
incredibly short space of time.
The secret of this forced march, as well as our unexpected descent
on Annapolis, was the result of Colonel Lefferts’ judgment, which has
since been sustained by events. Finding that the line along the
Potomac was closed, and the route to Washington, by Baltimore,
equally impracticable, he came to the conclusion that Annapolis,
commanding, as it did, the route to the Capital, must of necessity be
made the basis of military operations. It was important to the
government to have a free channel through which to transport
troops, and this post presented the readiest means. The fact that
since then all the Northern troops have passed through the line that
we thus opened, is a sufficient comment on the admirable judgment
that decided on the movement. It secured the integrity of the
regiment, and saved lives, the loss of which would have plunged New
York into mourning. Too much importance cannot be attached to
this strategy. To it the Seventh regiment is indebted for being here at
present, intact and sound.
On Thursday, April 24, this regiment reached Washington, having
taken the cars at the junction. They were followed directly by their
noble comrades of the march, the Massachusetts Eighth, and
immediately moved into quarters.
While the troops under Butler and Lefferts were lying at
Annapolis, great anxiety was felt regarding them at Washington. The
lamented Lander was then at the capital, pleading for the privilege of
raising a regiment for the defence of the government, but, for some
inexplicable cause, General Scott had not yet accepted his services.
With Baltimore in open revolt, and Annapolis doubtful in its loyalty,
this anxiety about the troops become so urgent, that Lander was sent
forward to Annapolis, with general directions to aid the troops with
all his ability, and to direct Colonel Butler not to land his men until
the kindly feeling of the citizens of Annapolis was ascertained.
Lander started on the mission, as he undertook everything, with
heart and soul. He rode from Washington to Annapolis on
horseback, without stopping for darkness, or any other cause save
the necessary care of his horse, and reached Annapolis an hour after
the troops had landed. Bringing his experience, as a frontiersman,
who had seen hard service against hostile Indians on the plains, to
bear on the position, Lander gave Colonel Butler such aid and advice
as assisted greatly in bringing the soldiers forward with less danger
and suffering than might otherwise have arisen during their march to
the junction.
MARYLAND.
The attack by an armed mob upon the Massachusetts regiment

had called the attention of the entire country to the State of
Maryland, and her future course was the subject of deep feeling.
Indirectly, Washington was, of course, menaced by her movements,
and it became a matter of vital importance that she should be
retained in the Union and restored to her fidelity. Not here alone
were keen eyes watching her future. England and France, in their
eager thirst for dominion and their jealousy of America and her
liberal institutions, scrutinized every action, with reference to their
own future course. Second only to Washington, therefore, for the
time, became the “Monumental City.”
From the 19th of April, the day when the banner of the
Massachusetts Sixth was baptized in blood, until the 14th of June, all
was suspense, and those who still retained their fealty were reluctant
to express their loyalty from fear of personal violence. Then an
election was held for members of Congress, and every district, save
one, returned decisive majorities for unconditional Union men. The
majority of the Legislature were unreserved in their expressions of
disunion, and were secretly, if not openly, urging on the State to
revolt. As early as December, 1860, Governor Hicks had been
solicited to call a Convention for that purpose, and emissaries of the
rebel government had labored with untiring zeal to spread secession
sentiments among the people. The Governor, knowing the heart of
the masses to be true, refused, and his decision came like a thunder-
clap upon the Southern partizans who hoped to find him a pliant tool
in their hands.
The proclamation of the President, of the 15th April, was tortured
into a means of exciting popular clamor, and every effort was made
to fan the fires of secession, until they should burst forth in fierce
flame. Meetings were held for that purpose, and every possible
means resorted to for its accomplishment. While very many of the
wealthy and commercial classes of Maryland, and particularly of
Baltimore, were in favor of disunion, eminent and influential
citizens, some of whom were among the most distinguished public
men of the State, and whose names are inseparably connected with
its civil and political history, were committed irrevocably to the
support of the government. In this cause the industrial classes—the
working-men and the farmers—were true to the principles they had
always professed. Whatever political parties they had sympathized
with, it had been ever on the broad basis of the Union and the
Constitution.
An illustration of this was given on the 18th of April, the day
previous to the attack on the Massachusetts regiment. A party of
secessionists had raised a rebel flag in the suburbs of Baltimore, and
had a cannon with which they saluted it, but a vast crowd of working-
men from the neighboring foundries assembled, tore down the flag,
and threw the cannon into the river. His Excellency, Thomas H.
Hicks, Governor; John P. Kennedy, Secretary of State under
President Fillmore; Reverdy Johnson, John R. Kenley, ex-Governor
Francis Thomas, Hon. Henry Winter Davis, Edwin H. Webster,
Alexander Evans, and many others boldly stepped forward, and
planted themselves in the foreground, to resist the tide of dishonesty,
passion, and frenzy, into which the State was plunged by the
conspirators. Five thousand citizens of Baltimore addressed a letter
to Governor Hicks, on January 2d, approving his course in refusing
to call the Legislature together to authorize a Convention, and public
meetings were held throughout the State for the same purpose.
Notwithstanding this great demonstration of popular opinion, the
secessionists were resolved upon making the attempt; and, though
foiled in their measures, seized the opportunity afforded by the
passage of Northern troops through Baltimore, to enkindle the
flames of civil war, hoping, in the confusion, to urge their schemes to
a fulfilment.
The pressure upon the Governor after this event became almost
insupportable. All the combined influences of political, social and
commercial classes were brought to bear upon him, and the wild
denunciations and contemptuous and bitter invective and threats
hurled incessantly upon Baltimore and Maryland by a large portion
of the northern press were persistently used to press the Executive to
the commission of the fatal act. Thus urged on all sides, he was
compelled, in deference to the sudden and violent appeals of the
people, to request the government to send no more troops through
Maryland. The proclamation of the President of the 15th of April, and
the call for troops, was represented by the secessionists of Maryland,
as in other States, as an attempt to “coerce,” “invade” and
“subjugate” the Southern States. They used this appeal with great
effect on the popular mind, and the passions of the people were so
inflammable, that many whose convictions were utterly opposed to
the disunion measures were determined to resent this attempt to
“subdue” them. On the 17th of April an excited disunion meeting had
been held in Baltimore, and great efforts were made to commit the
citizens to the secession movement. On the following day Governor
Hicks and his Honor George Wm. Brown, Mayor of Baltimore, issued
proclamations calling upon all citizens to keep the peace. The
Governor assured the people that no troops should be sent from
Maryland, except to defend the national capital. The arrival of
Massachusetts troops and the fatal occurrences of the 19th, caused
an almost entire cessation of business, and all commerce was
suddenly prostrated.
The secessionists were determined to render it impracticable for
any more troops to reach Washington, and for this purpose
destroyed the bridges and a considerable portion of the tracks of
several railroads both north and south of Baltimore.
The Pennsylvania Northern, Philadelphia, Annapolis Junction,
and Baltimore and Ohio roads suffered extensively; and in
consequence of these lawless proceedings, the greatest difficulty was
apprehended in getting troops to Washington in time to protect the
capital from the threatened attack.
On the 21st the government announced that it took possession of
the Philadelphia and Baltimore railway as a military road. During the
temporary delay and obstruction to the travel, it was almost
impossible for travellers to pass either way. Many were molested in
Baltimore; some were placed in confinement under false charges by
the secessionists, and all were compelled to pay exorbitant prices and
resort to the rudest means of conveyance to pursue their journeys,
when permitted so to do. On the 22d the Mayor and Police Board of
Baltimore laid an embargo on provisions and necessary supplies, as
the interruption to transportation threatened a deficiency of food.
The Governor, under these extraordinary circumstances, called a
special session of the Legislature, which assembled at Frederick, on
the 26th of the month, the capital, Annapolis, being then in
possession of General Butler, who threatened to arrest the whole
body if an ordinance of secession were passed. The secession
members of the Legislature then attempted to procure the
organization of a Board of Safety, which should have discretionary
power during the crisis, but public meetings were immediately
called, which were loud in their denunciations of this covert transfer
of the State to its enemies, and it was abandoned. Resolutions
protesting against the war, and recommending the President to
desist, and resort to arbitration, were adopted, and a committee
appointed to visit the President and induce him to promise that no
more troops should be passed through Maryland. The President
replied that the public necessity must govern him, and that he would
consult the wishes of the people to the utmost extent that the
national welfare would permit.
The Legislature, after the report of the Committee had been
submitted, on May 6, discussed the questions at issue, and on the
10th adopted a preamble and resolution, declaring Maryland
sympathized “with the South in the struggle for their rights, solemnly
protests against this action, and will take no part in it, denouncing
the military occupancy of the State, and transportation of troops, and
imploring the President, in the name of God, to cease this unholy
war.”
The reorganization of the military departments for the war was
progressing with all possible dispatch. The Department of
Washington was assigned to Colonel Joseph K. F. Mansfield, the
Department of Annapolis to Major-General Butler, and that of
Pennsylvania to Major General Robert Patterson.
On the 5th of May, General Butler took possession of the junction
of the Baltimore and Washington and Baltimore and Ohio railroads,
at the Relay House, nine miles south of Baltimore. Four days
afterwards a body of United States troops landed at Locust Point in
that city, and were conveyed by the cars through it without
interruption. The Marshal of the city, John K. Kane, was known to be
deeply implicated in the work of rebellion, and he was arrested and
search was made at the police headquarters for concealed arms and
supplies.
The people of Maryland held views which her disloyal legislators
had misrepresented. On the 14th of May, a meeting was held at East
Baltimore, at which strong Union resolutions were adopted, pledging
“lives, fortunes, and sacred honor,” to its defence, declaring the right
of the government to convey troops through the State, and their own
right and duty to aid them in the work.
General Butler the same day occupied Federal Hill, at Baltimore,
and issued a proclamation which was scattered in immense numbers
among the people, and contributed in a high degree to the
restoration of confidence and harmony among all classes. An
important step was also taken by Governor Hicks, who, on the same
day issued a proclamation calling for the State quota of four
regiments of volunteers for three months, to sustain the government
and to protect the capital. General Butler had seized various military
stores intended for the rebels, and also took possession of arms and
powder belonging to loyal parties, to prevent their being removed by
enemies to the government.
Brigadier-General Butler, having been appointed Major-General,
and placed in command of the military Department of Virginia,
North Carolina and Tennessee, a most important position, was
transferred to Fortress Monroe, and was succeeded by General
Cadwallader on the 20th. Fort McHenry was reinforced, and put into
the most effective condition for immediate service, and the
conspirators of Baltimore were restrained from further disorders by
the apprehension that any attempt at insurrection would be the
signal for a bombardment of the city. After Cadwallader came into
command, several arrests of prominent persons had been made.
Among these was Mr. John Merryman, who applied to Chief-Justice
Taney for a writ of habeas corpus. This was granted; and General
Cadwallader, in answer, said that the prisoner had been arrested on
charge of various acts of treason—of holding a command in a
company having in possession arms belonging to the United States,
and of avowing his purpose of armed hostility to the Government of
the United States. In such cases General Cadwallader said he was
authorized by the President to suspend the habeas corpus act; he
therefore requested Judge Taney to suspend further action until
instructions could be had from the President.
Judge Taney thereupon issued a writ of attachment against
General Cadwallader for contempt of court. The Marshal proceeded
to Fort McHenry to execute the writ, but was refused admission.
Judge Taney urged that the President had no authority to suspend
the act of habeas corpus, or to authorize others to do so. An
elaborate opinion to that effect was prepared by the Judge and has
since been published.
A sufficient number of troops were also at this time stationed in
Baltimore, and the loyal citizens were assured that they would be
protected in all their rights and privileges, at every hazard. Thus
fortified, protected and encouraged, the loyalty of the people was
fully displayed, while the disloyal were held in check. Maryland,
glorious in her past history, and her devotion to the Constitution,
was saved from destruction, and her loyal citizens will in generations
to come receive the plaudits of millions whose gratitude will be deep
enough to overwhelm her few days of revolt.
DESTRUCTION OF THE GOSPORT NAVY
YARD.
April 21, 1861.
The splendid naval and military establishment at Gosport,

Virginia, belonging to the Federal Government, was, at the time
Virginia seceded, in the possession of the United States. It was
supplied with immense quantities of military and naval stores; and
several old vessels which had been withdrawn from service, and
others of great value, were either waiting orders to sail or undergoing
repairs. The entire establishment, whether on land or water, was
indispensable to the conspirators, for the possession of the Navy
Yard would give them immediate control of ordnance stores and
property worth $30,000,000.
The seizure of this vast establishment having been determined
upon, five or six vessels had been sunk by the rebels in the channel of
the Elizabeth river, below the Navy Yard, thus effectually preventing
the passage of larger vessels.
General Taliaferro was placed in command of the insurgent forces
then rapidly concentrating at Norfolk. Commodore McCauley, who
commanded at the Navy Yard, had been reluctant to adopt any
measures which would bring him into hostility with the State troops,
and thus inaugurate the war. The rebels took advantage of this
leniency, but for once they were disappointed in their expectations of
success. The Commodore determined to destroy the immediate
agencies of the war, leaving the armories, ship wood, docks and
dwellings unharmed, hoping that, although they might for a time be
occupied by the insurgents, the stars and stripes would eventually
float over them in triumph.
At 8½ o’clock on Saturday evening, the 20th April, the Pawnee,
containing 600 Massachusetts troops from Fortress Monroe, arrived
at Gosport harbor, the Commodore’s flag at its mast-head the white
sails, relieved by the dark blue sky, appearing more like the floating
wings of the dove of peace than heralds of destruction. The scene
that followed is thus graphically described by an eye-witness.
Her coming was not unexpected, and as she glided to her place at
the dock, the men on the Pennsylvania and the Cumberland, several
hundred in number, greeted her with a volley of cheers that echoed
and re-echoed till all Norfolk and Portsmouth must have heard the
hail. The men of the Pennsylvania fairly outdid themselves in their
enthusiasm on this occasion. They clambered into the shrouds, and
not only answered to the “three cheers,” but volunteered “three times
three,” and gave them with a hurricane of heartiness. This intense
feeling on their part is easily explained. They had been a long time
almost imprisoned on shipboard, on a ship imbedded in the river,
motionless and helpless, and subject to promises from the
secessionists of speedy demolition. In the advent of the Pawnee they
saw deliverance from such durance, and they exulted with
tremendous emphasis.
All Portsmouth and Norfolk were thoroughly aroused by the
arrival of the Pawnee. They did not expect her, and were not
prepared for her. They were seized with trepidation, thinking,
perhaps, she had come, and along with the Cumberland and
Pennsylvania, meant to bombard the towns for having obstructed the
channel, and for having, the night before, rifled the United States
magazine, just below Norfolk, of about 4,000 kegs of powder. Being
utterly defenceless and quite terrified, the secessionists made no
protest against the Pawnee’s presence, nor did they venture too near
the Navy Yard.
The Pawnee made fast to the dock, and Colonel Wardrop marched
out his regiment and stationed them at the several gates of the Navy
Yard to oppose the entrance of any forces from without, in case an
attempt to enter should be made. Having adopted this precaution,
the Commodore set the marines on the Pennsylvania, the
Cumberland, the Pawnee, and in the yard, to work. All the books and
papers, the archives of the establishment, were transferred to the
Pawnee.

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Foundations and Practice of Security 9th International

Advancements in Smart City and Intelligent Building

Foundations and Practice of Security 8th International

Smart Multimedia Second International Conference ICSM

Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications 14th

Smart City 360°

Smart City 360°

ISSN 1867-8211 ISSN 1867-822X (electronic)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016942905

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature

October 2015 Radim Lenort

October 2015 Dagmar Cagáňová

October 2015 Daniela Špirková

October 2015 Alberto Leon-Garcia

Sustainable MoG 2015

SustainableMoG 2015 was organized by the Department of Logistics, Quality and

Technical Program Committee

David Vykydal VSB - Technical University of Ostrava,

Publicity and Social Media Chair

Technical Program Committee (Scientiﬁc Committee)

MOBI Danube 2015

Publicity and Social Media Chair

Technical Program Committee

Krzysztof Witkowski University of Zielona Gora, Poland

Florian Marcel Nuta Danubius University, Romania

Technical Program Committee

Publicity and Social Media Chair

Technical Program Committee

Kimmo Kansanen Norwegian University of Science and Technology,

Conference Track Chair

Conference Track Co-chair

Conference Track Web Chair

Conference Track Publicity Chair

Technical Program Committee

Technical Program Committee

Qinmin Yang Zhejiang University, China

Technical Program Committee

Eleni Pratsini IBM Research Dublin, Ireland

A Survey on Mobile Sensing Based Mood-Fatigue Detection for Drivers . . . . 3

Straight from the Horse’s Mouth: “I am an Electric Vehicle User,

Automated Pedestrians Data Collection Using Computer Vision . . . . . . . . . . 31

5G-Optimizing Network Coverage in Radio Self Organizing Networks

Understanding Intercity Freeway Traffic Variability at Holidays

Privacy-Enhanced Android for Smart Cities Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Towards Smart City Implementations in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case

Connecting Digital Cities: Return of Experience on the Development

Development of Route Accessibility Index to Support Wayfinding

Simulating Adaptive, Personalized, Multi-modal Mobility in Smart Cities . . . 113

Feature-Based Room-Level Localization of Unmodified Smartphones . . . . . . 125

The Charging Personas of the E-Mobility Users of Newcastle-Gateshead

Segmentation by Data Point Classification Applied to Forearm

On the Use of Consumer-Grade Activity Monitoring Devices to Improve