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POWER SWING TESTING IN SIENENS RELAY 7SA522

Power swing function in Siemens Distance relays is not based on similar principle
as in ABB relays & Alsthom relays. Power swing detection in siemens relays
depends on dV/dt & di/dt rates at the time of power swing & this is some what
built in feature of the relay. The power swing blocking time also depends for
howlong this state remains. So there is no definite blocking time in these relays.

The boundaries for the power swing are defined as:

 The inner boundary is the outermost zone zone4or zone5 which ever it may
be .It is recommended to keep this zone as non directional.
 The outer boundary is 5ohms outward from the outermost zone in all
quadrants.

Requirements for testing Power swing in siemens 7SA522

 OMICRON Test set with Window based software having ramping function
available.
 DIGSI software for Siemens relay.

Settings to be made in the relay:

First enable the power swing function in scope of function. Go to the masking I/O
function & open power swing outputs.

Right click go to
properties and
select mark
message

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Go to 68 power swing output and right click on the signal. Go to properties

Click the Mark message box for fault records.

Settings for Omicron ramping function:

Open omicron ramping function. To simulate power swing the voltage is ramped
down from The rated voltage to zero or nearly zero while the current is ramped up
from nearly zero to almost 1-1.5 times the rated current. In the second ramp the
voltage & current are returned to their initial values.

Synchronou
s power
swing
simulation

This is synchronous power swing simulation. Power swing can be tested at

different angles by changing the angle values in the detailed view window.

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The results of the synchronous power swing can be viewed in SIGRA plots in
DIGSI software.

Connect to the relay go to oscillographic records retrieve the latest record. Open
the record. Go the time signal. Go to the signal list. Set the two cursors at the
start & stop of the power swing signal(the orange and blue cursor.

Time
signal

Circle
diagram

Now go to circle diagram. Here we can find the start and stop of the power swing
in the impedance plane.

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The two cursors define the power swing length. The two points are outside the
largest set zone. We can also find the impedance values at these points by just
selecting the measuring signal as impedance.

By selecting different in and out angles power swing boundary can be found
around the whole periphery.

Asynchronous power swing can also be simulated with three ramp settings in
omicron ramping mode. The first ramp simulate the ramp from the nominal
voltage values to the low voltage values at the same time there is increase in the
current . the second ramp is the slow portion of the swing through the origin
where there is change only in voltage but current remain the same and in the third
ramp the swing goes out from the other side.

One thing to be noted here is that omicron test set introduces an area with zero
change while switching over from one ramp to the next. This is an error in the test
equipment and the duration of no change depends on the speed of the PC and
how many windows are active. If this area of no change is very long , the power
swing detection may reset as this condition does not apply to the real power
swing conditions.

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The rate of change can be modified by either changing the step size of the
voltage (U) or the intervals between the steps (t). U should be kept small to
get good simulation results. The angle of enter & exit of the swing can be
changed in the detailed view. The voltage and current signals must always be
symmetrical.

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Figure shows the power swing curve at 0. Same way power swing curve can be
drawn for different angles.

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