Activity on Transformers

1. A transformer aboard a ship has 500 primary turns and 3000 secondary turns. If the ship's
electrical system operates at 240 volts, what will be the voltage output of the
transformer? (Answer: 1440 volts or 1.4 kilovolts)
2. On a vessel, a transformer with a turns ratio of 2:7 is connected to a 240-volt power
supply. What will be the output voltage of the transformer? (Answer: 840 volts)
3. In a marine transformer with a turns ratio of 8:1, if the primary side draws a current of 3
amps at 240 volts, what will be the voltage and current on the secondary side? (Answer:
30 volts, 24 amps)
4. A ship's transformer with 600 primary turns is supplied with a 1.5 kilovolt power source.
How many secondary turns are needed to produce an output voltage of 240 volts?
(Answer: 96 turns)
5. Onboard a vessel, a transformer with a turns ratio of 2:9 is connected to a 220-volt power
source. What will be the output voltage of the transformer? (Answer: 990 volts)
6. A 3-amp transformer onboard a ship has 800 primary turns and 2000 secondary turns. If
the ship's electrical system operates at 160 volts, what will be the voltage output of the
transformer? (Answer: 400 volts)
7. An ideal transformer onboard a ship has a turns ratio of 3:8 and is supplied with 240
volts. What will be the output voltage of the transformer? (Answer: 640 volts)
8. On a ship, an ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 12:1 is supplied with 192 volts. What
will be the voltage output of the transformer? (Answer: 16 volts)
9. A transformer's primary winding onboard a vessel is connected to a 415-volt supply and
has 750 turns. How many turns must be wound on the secondary side to achieve an
output of 1.66 kilovolts? (Answer: 3000 turns)
10. A ship's transformer with a turns ratio of 12:1 is supplied with 180 volts and a primary
current of 4 amps. What will be the voltage and current on the secondary side? (Answer:
15 volts, 48 amps)
11. A transformer onboard a vessel has a primary to secondary turns ratio of 1:15. What
primary voltage is required to supply a 240-volt load? If the load current is 3 amps, what
will be the primary current? (Answer: 16 volts, 45 amps)
12. A single-phase transformer onboard a ship has a primary voltage of 800 volts and a
secondary voltage of 100 volts, with a maximum core flux density of 1.294 Tesla and a
core cross-sectional area of 60 square centimeters. How many turns are there on the
primary and secondary windings? (Answer: 464, 58)
13. A single-phase transformer aboard a vessel has 25 primary turns and 300 secondary turns,
with a core cross-sectional area of 300 square centimeters. When connected to a 250-volt
supply, what will be the maximum flux density in the core, and what voltage will be
induced in the secondary winding? (Answer: 1.5 Tesla, 3 kilovolts)
Parts of the Power Transformer: -

Task1 :- Identify the parts of the transformer given below and name the parts

(Loss,2011)

Task 2:- The construction and parts of the power transformer will not be identical. Analyze the
reason behind the statement and justify your answer.
 Activity on transformer losses and regulation calculations

Task 1 STAR-DELTA Connection

Identify the type of connections between the three windings in a Three Phase Transformer.

Diagrams Type of Relation between Relation between

Connection Phase voltage Phase Current and
and line voltage line current

(EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal, 2012)

Task 2: - Voltage, Current & Regulation Calculations (Theraja, Theraja and Theraja, 2010)

1. Marine electrical systems often involve transformers to step up or step down voltages as
required onboard ships. Calculate the primary phase voltage and secondary phase voltage
for the following transformers with the voltage rating, if they are connected in (a) Star-
Delta (b) Delta-Star.
(i) A transformer rated at 2400V/416V
(ii) A transformer rated at 240V/2880V
(iii) A transformer rated at 220V/1760V
2. Onboard a ship, a three-phase transformer has 500 primary turns and 50 secondary turns.
If the supply line voltage is 2.4 kV, determine the secondary line voltage on no-load
when the windings are connected (a) star-delta, (b) delta-star.
3. In marine electrical systems, a three-phase transformer with 600 primary turns and 150
secondary turns is common. If the supply line voltage is 1.5 kV, calculate the secondary
line voltage on no-load when the windings are connected (a) delta-star, (b) star-delta.
4. On a ship, a 5 kVA, 200V/400V, single-phase transformer experiences a secondary
terminal voltage of 387.6 volts when loaded. Determine the regulation of the transformer.
[3.1%]
5. In marine engineering, a 6 kVA, 100V/500V, single-phase transformer is utilized. If the
secondary terminal voltage is measured at 487.5 volts under load, calculate the regulation
of the transformer. [2.5%]

Task 3: -
1. Write the losses of the transformer?

2. How can you reduce the iron loss in a transformer?

Task 4:-Transformer Losses and Efficiency Calculation (Theraja, Theraja and Theraja,
2010)
1. Onboard ships, transformers play a critical role in distributing electrical power
efficiently. Consider a 200 kVA rated transformer onboard, with a full-load copper loss
of 1.5 kW and an iron loss of 1 kW. Calculate the transformer's efficiency at full load and
a power factor of 0.85. Additionally, determine the efficiency at half-load and 0.85 power
factor.
 2. Marine electrical systems often rely on single-phase transformers for various
applications. Suppose we have a single-phase transformer rated at 40 kVA onboard. With
full-load copper losses of 800W and iron losses of 500W, calculate the transformer's
efficiency at full load and a power factor of 0.8. Also, determine the efficiency at half-
load and 0.8 power factor.
3. On ships, transformers of different capacities are utilized to meet varying power
demands. For a 15 kVA transformer, determine the efficiency under the following
conditions:
a. Full-load with unity power factor
b. Half full-load with a power factor of 0.8
4. Consider iron losses of 200W and full-load copper losses of 300W.
PRACTICE WORK:-
Case Study:-
In majan distribution substation, there are five transformers connected to five different areas
showing the following readings at their different load levels.
S.NO Load Transforme Transformer Transformer Transforme Transformer
Level r 2 3 r 5
1 4
1. 0% 6.6 KV 6.6 KV 6.6 KV 6.6 KV 6.6 KV
2. 20% 5.98 KV 6.6 KV 5.85 KV 5.98 KV 5.98 KV
3. 40% 5.86 KV 6.6 KV 5.75 KV 5.96 KV 5.92KV
4. 75% 5.75 KV 6.6 KV 5.70 KV 5.92 KV 5.86 KV
5. 100% 5.70 KV 6.6 KV 5.65 KV 5.90 KV 5.80 KV

Rank the transformers in the order of merit by analyzing the regulation. Also justify the reason
for the rating.
References: -
EEP - Electrical Engineering Portal. (2012). Delta-Star Transformer Connection Overview. [online] Available
at: https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/delta-star-transformer-connection-overview [Accessed 30
Sep. 2019].
Loss, P. (2011). PARTS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER. [online] Powersystemsloss.blogspot.com. Available
at: https://powersystemsloss.blogspot.com/2011/06/parts-of-power-transformer.html [Accessed 30 Sep.
2019].
Theraja, B., Theraja, B. and Theraja, A. (2010). A textbook of electrical technology. Ram Nagar, New Delhi,
India: S. Chand & Co.