Line coding scheme

1/24/2020 AMBRISH GANGAL

Figure 5-1

Different Conversion Schemes

Figure 5-2

Digital to Digital Encoding

Figure 5-3

Types of Digital to Digital Encoding

Figure 5-4

Unipolar Encoding
Figure 5-5

Types of Polar Encoding

Polar schemes
 The voltages are on both side of the time axis.
 NRZ (non return to zero)
 NRZ-L : The level of the voltage determines the value
of bit.
 NRZ-I : the change in the level of the voltage
determines the level of the bit. If there is no change,
the bit is 0, if there is a change, the bit is 1.
Figure 5-6
NRZ-L and NRZ-I Encoding
 when the voltage level in a digital signal is constant for
a while, the spectrum creates very low frequencies.
These frequencies around zero, called DC
components, present problems for a short system that
cannot pass low frequencies.
Return to zero
 It uses three values: positive, negative and zero.
 The signal changes not between bits but during the
bit. The signal goes to zero in the middle of each bit.
 The main disadvantage is that it requires two signal
changes to encode a bit and therefore occupies greater
bandwidth.
 Another problem is its complexity.
Figure 5-7

RZ Encoding
Figure 5-8
Manchester and Diff. Manchester Encodin
 Manchester encoding : the duration of bits is divided
into two halves. The voltage remains at one level
during the first half and moves to the other level in the
second bit.
 A negative to positive transition represents binary 1
and a positive to negative transition represents binary
0.
 Note

In Manchester and differential

Manchester encoding, the transition
at the middle of the bit is used for
synchronization.

4.14
 Note

The minimum bandwidth of Manchester

and differential Manchester is 2 times
that of NRZ.

4.15
 Note

In bipolar encoding, we use three levels:

positive, zero, and negative.

4.16
Figure 4.9 Bipolar schemes: AMI and pseudoternary

4.17