Question Bank

Matrices

1. Find the values of a, b, c and d if

⎡ a –2 ⎤ ⎡2 c ⎤
⎢b 7 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 2c + d ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ a –2 ⎤ ⎡2 c ⎤
Solution. Given ⎢b 7 ⎥ = ⎢ 3 2c + d ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
By definition of equality of matrices, we get
a = 2, b = 3, c = –2 and 2c + d = 7
⇒ 2 × (–2) + d = 7
⇒ d = 7 + 4 = 11.
Hence, a = 2, b = 3, c = –2 and d = 11.
2. Find the values of x, y, a and b when :
⎡ 2 x + 3y a – 2b ⎤ ⎡3 8 ⎤
⎢ 2a + b 3x – 2y ⎥ = ⎢ 6 11⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Solution. We know that the corresponding elements of equal
matrices are equal :
⎡ 2 x + 3y a – 2b ⎤ ⎡3 8 ⎤
⎢ 2a + b 3x – 2y ⎥ = ⎢ 6 11⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⇒ 2x + 3y = 3; a – 2b = 8; 2a + b = 6 and 3x – 2y = 11
⇒ (2x + 3y = 3, 3x – 2y = 11) and (a – 2b = 8, 2a + b = 6)
Now, 2x + 3y = 3 ...(i)
3x – 2y = 11 ..(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 2, (ii) by 3 and adding, we get
13x = 39
⇒ x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (i), we get :
2 × 3 + 3y = 3
⇒ 3y = –3
⇒ y = –1

Math Class X 1 Question Bank

 a – 2b = 8 ..(iii)
2a + b = 6 ..(iv)
Multiplying (iv) by 2 and adding the result in (iii), we get
5a = 20
⇒ a=4
Substituting a = 4 in (iii), we get :
4 – 2b = 8
⇒ –2b = 4
⇒ b = –2
∴ x = 3, y = –1, a = 4, b = –2.
⎡3 4 ⎤ ⎡1 y ⎤ ⎡ 7 0 ⎤
3. If 2 ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ 0 1 ⎥ = ⎢10 5 ⎥ , find the values of x and y.
⎣ 5 x ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Solution.
⎡3 4 ⎤ ⎡1 y ⎤ ⎡ 7 0 ⎤
We have 2 ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ 0 1 ⎥ = ⎢10 5 ⎥
⎣ 5 x ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 6 8 ⎤ ⎡1 y ⎤ ⎡ 7 0 ⎤
⇒ ⎢10 2 x ⎥ + ⎢ 0 1 ⎥ = ⎢10 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡7 8+y ⎤ ⎡ 7 0⎤
⇒ ⎢10 2 x + 1⎥ = ⎢10 5 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⇒ 8 + y = 0 and 2x + 1 = 5
⇒ y = – 8 and x = 2
⎡ 1 4⎤ ⎡3 2 ⎤
4. If ⎢ ⎥ + 2M = 3 ⎢ 0 –3⎥ , find the matrix M.
⎣ –2 3 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 1 4⎤ ⎡3 2 ⎤
Solution. We have ⎢ ⎥ + 2M = 3 ⎢ 0 –3⎥
⎣ –2 3 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 1 4⎤ ⎡9 6 ⎤
⇒ ⎢ –2 3 ⎥ + 2M = 3 ⎢ 0 –9 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡9 6 ⎤ ⎡ 1 4 ⎤
⇒ 2M = ⎢ ⎥ – ⎢ –2 3 ⎥
⎣ 0 –9 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

Math Class X 2 Question Bank

 ⎡8 2 ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2 –12 ⎦
1 ⎡8 2 ⎤ ⎡ 4 1 ⎤
⇒ M= ⎢
2 ⎣ 2 –12 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 1 – 6 ⎥⎦
=

⎡ 3 –4 ⎤ ⎡0 2 ⎤
5. If A = ⎢ ⎥ and B = ⎢ 3 –1⎥ , find the matrix
⎣ 0 1 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
X if 2A + 3X = 5B.
Solution. Given 2A + 3X = 5B.
⇒ 3X = 5B – 2A
⎡0 2 ⎤ ⎡ 3 –4 ⎤
⇒ 3X = 5 ⎢ ⎥ + (–2) ⎢0 1 ⎥
⎣ 3 –1⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 0 10 ⎤ ⎡ –6 8 ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ 0 –2 ⎥
⎣15 –5 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡0 + (–6) 10 + 8 ⎤ ⎡ –6 18 ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢15 –7 ⎥
⎣ 15 + 0 –5 + (– 2) ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ –2 6 ⎤
1⎡ –6 18 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥
⇒ X= ⎢15 –7 ⎥ = ⎢ 5 – 7 ⎥
3⎣ ⎦
⎣ 3⎦
⎡ 2 –1⎤ ⎡ –3 2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 ⎤
6. Given A = ⎢ ⎥ , B = ⎢ 4 0 ⎥ and C = ⎢0 2 ⎥ . Find the
⎣ 2 0 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
matrix X such that A + X = 2B + C.
Solution.
A + X = 2B + C
⇒X = 2B + C – A
⎡ –3 2 ⎤ ⎡1 0 ⎤ ⎡ 2 –1⎤
= 2. ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢0 2⎥ – ⎢ 2
⎣ 4 0 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
⎡ –6 4 ⎤ ⎡1 0 ⎤ ⎡ 2 –1⎤
= ⎢ 8 0 ⎥ + ⎢0 2⎥ – ⎢ 2 0 ⎥⎦
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣

Math Class X 3 Question Bank

 ⎡ –6 + 1 – 2 4 + 0 – 1⎤ ⎡ –7 3 ⎤
=⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ 6 2⎥ .
⎣ 8 + 0 – 2 0 + 2 – 0 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 3 –2 ⎤ ⎡ 2 x ⎤ ⎡ –4 ⎤ ⎡ 2⎤
7. Find x and y, if ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ + 2 ⎢5⎥ = 4 ⎢ y⎥
⎣ –1 4 ⎦ ⎣ 1 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Solution. We have
⎡ 3 –2 ⎤ ⎡ 2 x ⎤ ⎡ –4 ⎤ ⎡ 2⎤
⎢ –1 4 ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ + 2 ⎢5⎥ = 4 ⎢ y⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 6x – 2 ⎤ ⎡ –8⎤ ⎡8⎤
⇒ ⎢ –2x + 4 ⎥ ⎢10 ⎥ + = ⎢4 y ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 6x – 2 – 8 ⎤ ⎡8⎤
⇒ ⎢ –2x + 4 + 10 ⎥ = ⎢4 y ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 6x – 10 ⎤ ⎡8⎤
⇒ ⎢ –2x + 14 ⎥ = ⎢4 y ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⇒ 6x – 10 = 8 and –2x + 14 = 4y
1
⇒ 6x = 18 and y = . (– 2x + 14)
4
18 1
⇒ x= = 3 and y = [Putting x = 3]
6 4
8
⇒ x = 3 and y = = 2
4
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2.
⎡ 3 4⎤ ⎡ 9 2 ⎤
8. Find a matrix A such that A ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢14 22 ⎥ .
⎣ –1 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 3 4⎤ ⎡9 2⎤
Solution. Let B = ⎢ ⎥ . Then, AB = ⎢14 22 ⎥ .
⎣ –1 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Since AB exists, we have
Number of columns in A = Number of rows in B = 2.
Number of rows in A = Number of rows in AB = 2.
Thus, A has 2 rows and 2 columns.

Math Class X 4 Question Bank

 ∴ A is a (2 × 2) matrix.
⎡a b ⎤
Let A= ⎢ ⎥ . Then,
⎣ c d ⎦
⎡ 3 4⎤ ⎡ 9 2 ⎤
A ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢14 22 ⎥
⎣ –1 2 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ a b ⎤ ⎡ 3 4⎤ ⎡ 9 2 ⎤
⇒ ⎢ c d ⎥ ⎢ –1 2 ⎥ = ⎢14 22 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 3a – b 4a + 2b ⎤ ⎡ 9 2 ⎤
⇒ ⎢3c – d 4c + 2d ⎥ = ⎢14 22 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⇒ (3a – b = 9, 4a + 2b = 2) and (3c – d = 14, 4c + 2d = 22)
∴ 3a – b = 9 ...(i) 3c – d = 14 ...(iii)
4a + 2b = 2 ...(ii) 4c + 2d = 22 ...(iv)
Multiplying (i) by 2 and adding (ii) to it, we get :
10a = 20 ⇒ a = 2
Multiplying (iii) by 2 and adding (iv) to it, we get :
10c = 50 ⇒ c = 5
Substituting a = 2 in (i), we get :
3 × 2 – b = 9 ⇒ b = –3
∴ a = 2 and b = –3
Substituting c = 5 in (iii), we get :
3 × 5 – d = 14 ⇒ d = 1
∴ c = 5 and d = 1
⎡ 2 –3⎤
Hence, A = ⎢ ⎥.
⎣ 5 1 ⎦

Math Class X 5 Question Bank

 ⎡ 1 –1⎤ ⎡x 1 ⎤ 2 2 2
9. If ⎢ ⎥ , B = ⎢ 4 –1⎥ and (A + B) = A + B , find the value of x.
⎣ 2 –1 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Solution. We have
(A + B)2 = A2 + B2
⇒ A2 + B2 + AB + BA = A2 + B2
⇒ AB + BA = 0
⇒ AB = –BA
⎡ x – 4 2⎤ ⎡ x + 2 – x – 1⎤
Now, ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 2 –3 ⎥⎦
and BA =
⎣ 2x – 4 3 ⎦ ⎣
But, AB = – BA
⎡ x – 4 2⎤ ⎡ –(x + 2) x + 1⎤
⇒ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ –2 3 ⎥⎦
=
⎣ 2x – 4 3 ⎦ ⎣
⇒ x – 4 = – (x + 2), 2 = x + 1, 2x – 4 = –2
⇒ x = 1, x = 1, x = 1
Hence x = 1.
⎡a b ⎤
10. Assuming that matrix A = ⎢ ⎥ has the property that AB = B = BA
⎣ c d ⎦
⎡ 2 3⎤
⎢ 4 6 ⎥ BA, where, determine a, b, c in terms of d. Hence, find the
⎣ ⎦
matrix C which has the same property as A, when d = 0.
⎡a b ⎤ ⎡ 2 3⎤
Solution. A = ⎢ ⎥ , B = ⎢ 4 6⎥
⎣c d ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ a b ⎤ ⎡ 2 3 ⎤ ⎡ 2a + 4b 3a + 6b ⎤
AB = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 4 6 ⎥ = ⎢ 2c + 4d 3c + 6d ⎥
⎣ c d ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ 2(a + 2b) 3(a + 2b) ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2(c + 2d) 3(c + 6d ) ⎦

Math Class X 6 Question Bank

 ⎡ 2 3⎤ ⎡ a b ⎤ ⎡ 2a + 3c 2b + 3d ⎤
BA = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ c d ⎥ = ⎢ 4a + 6c 4b + 6d ⎥
⎣ 4 6 ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎡ (2a + 3c) (2b + 3d ) ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2(2a + 3c) 2(2b + 3d ) ⎦
⎡ 2(a + 2b) 3(a + 2b) ⎤ ⎡ 2 3⎤
AB = B ⇒ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢ 4 6⎥
⎣ 2(c + 2d ) 3(c + 6d ) ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

⇒ a + 2b = 1 ... (i) and c + 2d = 2 ... (ii)

⎡ 2a + 3c 2b + 3d ⎤ ⎡ 2 3 ⎤
Also, BA = B ⇒ ⎢ ⎥ = ⎢4 6⎥
⎣ 2(2 a + 3 c) 2(2 b + 3d) ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⇒ 2a + 3c = 2 ... (iii) and 2b + 3d = 3 ... (iv)
From (i) and (iii), 4b – 3c = 0 ⇒ 4b = 3c ... (v)
4
From (ii) and (v), we get b = 2 – 2d
3
3(1 – d )
⇒ b=
2
3(1 – d )
From (i), a = 1 – 2b = 1 – 2 ×
2
= –2 + 3d = 3d – 2
From (ii), c = 2 – 2d
3(1 – d )
Hence, a = 3d – 2, b = , c = 2 – 2d. A
2
3
Now when d = 0, a = –2, b = , c = 2
2
⎡ 1⎤
–2
∴C = ⎢ 2⎥ .
⎢ ⎥
⎣ 2 0 ⎦

Math Class X 7 Question Bank