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THE LAW OF CONSTRUCTION DISPUTES
THIRD EDITION
Construction Law
Second Edition
Julian Bailey
THIRD EDITION
CYRIL CHERN
BArch, JD, AIA, RIBA, FCIArb, FDBF, Barrister, Chartered Architect, Chartered Arbitrator
Third edition published 2020
by Informa Law from Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Informa Law from Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
The right of Cyril Chern to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in
accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form
or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is
correct, neither the author nor Informa Law can accept any responsibility for any errors or
omissions or any consequences arising therefrom.
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
C ON T E NTS
The author xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Table of cases xxi
Table of legislation xxxv
v
CONTENTS
vi
CONTENTS
Mutual mistake 67
Common mistake 68
Mistake versus frustration versus impossibility 70
vii
CONTENTS
viii
CONTENTS
ix
CONTENTS
Rescission 197
Release 197
Accord and satisfaction 199
Waiver and promissory estoppel 200
x
CONTENTS
Defences 288
Defence 1 288
Defence 2 288
Defence 3 288
The promisee’s enforcement of the contract 288
Opting out of the Act 289
xi
CONTENTS
xii
CONTENTS
APPENDICES
xiii
T H E AU T H O R
DR CYRIL CHERN
xv
PREFACE
The field of construction is constantly changing, with new model forms being
developed and the courts forming new views on old traditional practices. The last
edition of this book brought the subject matter current and it is the hope that this
newest version will now bring the knowledge in this field current as of 2019. This
third edition provides not only that update but also adds new material, thus giving all
construction practitioners not just the “rule” but also the reasons behind the rule on
recurring points of law in this field.
The purpose of this book remains as a helpful one-volume text covering the most
recurring questions and points of law that arise in construction and the disputes that
go with them: not all of the law relating to such disputes, but rather the most frequently
encountered and the development of that law, the relevant cases and the thinking and
holdings of the various courts. The list of matters discussed herein is not exhaustive
but rather garnered from my experience of construction and disputes throughout the
common law countries of the Commonwealth and North America, as well as some
relevant discussion of other court systems, notably the civil law and Sharia law, as
both play a very important role in the current development of and solution to such
disputes which arise in a construction setting.
The intent of this book is to provide the experienced UK practitioner, as well as
the international construction lawyer, with selections of some of the most common
problem areas in construction law along with the current state of the law and, thus, to
allow each to obtain a better mastery of the subject.
Cyril Chern
August 2019
xvii
AC K N OWL E D G EMEN TS
xix
TAB L E OF CA SES
A Davies & Co (Shopfitters) Ltd v William Old Ltd (1969) 67 LGR 395...........................128–9
ABB Power Construction Ltd v Norwest Holst Engineering Ltd (2001) 17
Const LJ 246.......................................................................................................... 125, 126
ABB Zantingh Ltd v Zedal Building Services Ltd [2001] BLR 66, TCC................................125
Ace Constructors Inc v United States [2006] 70 Fed Cl 253...............................................337–9
Ackerman v Ackerman [2011] EWHC 3428 (Ch)...................................................................345
Acsim v Danish Contracting (1992) 47 BLR 55.....................................................................280
Adyard Abu Dhabi v SDS Marine Services [2011] BLR 384, 136 Con LR 190,
(2011) 27 Const LJ 594...................................................................................................271
Agip (Africa) Ltd v Jackson [1990] Ch 265............................................................................. 68
AIMS Ltd v TTMILtd (”The Amer Energy”) [2009] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 293............................253–4
Airport Industrial GP Ltd v Heathrow Airport & Another [2015] EWHC 3753 (Ch)............255
Aiton Australia Pty Ltd v Transfield Pty Ltd (1999) 153 FLR 236.....................................29–30
AL Gullinson & Sons v Corey (1980) 29 NBR (2d) 86............................................................ 68
Alaskan Trader, The [1984] 1 All ER 129...........................................................................196–7
Alfred McAlpine Capital Projects v Tilebox [2005] EWHC 281, [2005] BLR 271,
104 ConLR 39 TCC...................................................................................................258–9
Alghussein Establishment v Eton College [1988] 1 WLR 587......................................... 184, 185
Ali Shipping Corp v Shipyard Trogir [1998] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 643...................................... 397, 402
Amalgamated Building Contractors Ltd v Waltham Holy Cross UDC [1952] 2
All ER 452.............................................................................................................. 330, 331
AMEC Civil Engineering Ltd v Secretary of State for Transport [2004] EWHC
2339, [2005] BLR 227.................................................................................. 215, 216, 361–2
Amey Wye Valley Ltd v Hertfordshire District Council [2016] EWHC 2368 (TCC)......... 415–16
Anchor Brewhouse Developments Ltd v Berkley House (Docklands Developments)
Ltd (1987) 38 BLR 82.....................................................................................................323
Anderson v Tuapeka County Council (1900) 19 NZLR 1.........................................329–30, 331
Andrae v Selfridge [1938] Ch 1......................................................................................... 318–19
Andre et Cie SA v Marine Transocean Ltd [1981] QB 694, [1981] 2 All ER 993 CA..............197
Anglo-Scottish Beet Sugar Corpn Ltd v Spalding UDC [1937] 2 KB 607, [1937]
3 All ER 335.................................................................................................................... 64
Anns v Merton LBC [1978] AC 728..............77, 291, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 304
Appleby v Myers (1866–67) LR 2 CP 651..............................................................................118
Arab African Energy Corporation Ltd v Olieprodukten Nederland BV [1983]
2 Lloyd’s Rep 419...........................................................................................................348
Arbitration between Hohenzollern Actien Gesellschaft and the City of
London etc, Re An (1886) 54 LT (NS) 596...................................................................22–3
Archer v Brown [1985] QB 401, [1984] 2 All ER 267..........................................................62, 63
Architype Properties Ltd v Dewhurst Macfarlane & Partners (a firm) (2003)
96 ConLR 35..................................................................................................................104
xxi
TABLE OF CASES
xxii
TABLE OF CASES
xxiii
TABLE OF CASES
Charrington v Simons & Co Ltd [1971] 2 All ER 588, [1971] 1 WLR 598, CA......................323
Chattan Developments Ltd v Reigill Civil Engineering Contractors Ltd
[2007] EWHC 305 (TCC)......................................................................................... 259–60
Cheltenham Ladies College v Oxford Architects Partnership [2006]
EWHC 3156 (TCC)......................................................................................................... 92
Chesham Properties Ltd v Bucknall Austin Project Management Services Ltd
(1996) 82 BLR 92............................................................................................................ 90
Chudley v Clydesdale Bank plc (t/a Yorkshire Bank) [2017] EWHC 2177 (Comm)...............286
City of Brantford v Kemp & Wallace-Carruthers Ltd (1960) 23 DLR 640............................. 89
City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd [2007] CSOH 190............................. 271, 332–3, 340
City of Kamploops v Nielsen [1984] 2 SCR 2........................................................................301
City of Westminster v J Jarvis & Sons Ltd and Peter Lind Ltd (1970) 7 BLR 64...............130–1
CJ Elvin Building Services Ltd v Noble [2003] EWHC 837 (TCC).....................................188–9
Clay v Crump [1964] 1 QB 533 (CA)......................................................................................102
Clef Aquitaine SARL v Laporte Materials (Barrow) Ltd [2001] QB 488,
[2000] 3 All ER 493, CA.................................................................................................. 63
Clemence v Clarke (1880) HBC (4th Ed, vol 2) 54.................................................................. 22
Codelfa Construction Proprietary Ltd v State Rail Authority of New
South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337........................................................................... 152, 153
Commercial Management (Investments) Ltd v Mitchell Design and
Construct Ltd [2016] EWHC 76 (TCC)..........................................................................337
Commissioner for Main Roads v Reed & Stuart Pty Ltd (1974) 12 BLR 55......................225–6
Commissioners of Customs and Excise v Barclays Bank Plc [2006] UKHL 28,
[2007] 1 AC 181........................................................................................... 101–2, 305, 309
Commonwealth Edison v Allied-General Nuclear Services 731 F Supp 850
(ND 111 1990)................................................................................................................148
Comsite Projects Ltd v Andritz AG (2004) 20 Const LJ 24, TCC..........................................126
Conor Engineering Ltd v Les Constructions Industrielle de la Mediterranee
[2004] BLR 212, TCC.....................................................................................................125
Consarc Design Ltd v Hutch Investments Ltd, (2003) 19 Const LJ 91............................. 50, 107
Construction Group Centre Ltd v Highland Council [2002] BLR 476...................................412
Cooperative Group Ltd v John Allen Associates Ltd [2010] EWHC 2300 (TCC)............ 109–10
Corenso (UK) Ltd v Burnden Group Plc [2003] EWHC 1805 (QB).......................................356
Costain Ltd v Bechtel Ltd [2005] EWHC 1018................................................................ 215–16
Couch v Attorney General [2008] NZSC 45...........................................................................304
Cour d’Appel de Paris, 23 May 2001 (SCM Port-Royal v Pebay et Samper)......................32, 33
Cour d’Appel de Paris (1ère Chambre, section C) 29 April 2003..........................................31–2
Cour de Cassation (1ère Chambre Civile) 28 January 2003 (M Nègre v Société Vivendi)........ 33
Cour de Cassation (Chambre Mixte) 14 February 2003 (Poiré v Tripier)................................ 32
Coventry (t/a RDC Promotions) v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13..............................................321
Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 46...................................................................................321
Cowell v Rosehill Racecourse Co Ltd [1937] 56 CLR 605......................................................113
Cowey v Liberian Operations Ltd [1966] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 45.....................................................222
Cox v Ministry of Justice [2016] UKSC 10............................................................................316
Credit Lyonnaise v Russell Jones and Walker [2003] PNLR 17............................................... 95
Crowshaw v Pritchard and Renwick [1899] 16 TLR 45........................................................55–6
Cudmore-Ray v Pajouheshnia [1993] 5 CL 405 noted in [1993] BLM (August) 11.................323
Curtis v Chemical Cleaning and Dyeing Co Ltd [1951] 1 KB 805........................................... 63
D & C Builders Ltd v Rees [1966] 2 QB 617.......................................................................198–9
D & F Estates Ltd v Church Commissioners for England [1989] AC 177, [1988] 3 WLR 368,
[1988] 2 All ER 992, 41 BLR 1, 15 ConLR 35.......................283, 291–7, 298, 299, 300, 303
Dacy Building Services Ltd v IDM Properties LLP [2016] EWHC 3007 (TCC).....................365
xxiv
TABLE OF CASES
Dacy Building Services Ltd v IDM Properties LLP [2018] EWHC 178 (TCC)......................365
Dallah Real Estate & Tourism Holding Co v Pakistan [2010] UKSC 46,
[2009] EWCA Civ 755.................................................................................................403–6
Darlington Borough Council v Wiltshier Northern Limited [1995] 1 WLR 68......................235
David McLean Contractors Ltd v Albany Building Ltd [2005] EWHC B5 (TCC).................412
David McLean Housing Contractors Ltd v Swansea Housing Association Ltd
[2002] BLR 125...............................................................................................................368
David Wilson Homes Ltd v Survey Services Ltd (in liquidation) [2001]
EWCA Civ 34, [2001] 1 BLR 269.....................................................................24, 25, 26, 28
Davies v London and Provincial Marine Insurance Company (1878) 8 Ch D 469.................. 62
Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham Urban District Council [1956] AC 696........ 71–2, 150–1, 153
Davy Offshore Ltd v Emerald Field Contracting Ltd (1991) 55 BLR 1..................................224
Day v Ost [1973] 2 NZLR 385...............................................................................................209
De Beers UK Ltd v Atos Origin It Services UK [2010] EWHC 3276.....................................271
Décor Ceiling Pty Ltd v Cox Constructions Pty Ltd (No 2) [2005] SASC 483,
[2006] CILL March 2006................................................................................................340
Denham v Midland Employers’ Mutual Assurance Ltd [1955] 2 QB 437....................... 312, 313
Department of the Environment v Thomas Bates and Sons Ltd [1991] 1 AC 499,
[1990] 3 WLR 457, [1990] 2 All ER 943..................................................... 77–8, 297, 300–1
Department National Heritage v Steensen Varming Mulcahy (1998) 60 ConLR 33................ 94
Derry v Peek (1889) 14 App Cas 337 HL................................................................................ 62
Diag Human Se v Czech Republic [2014] EWHC 1639 (Comm)............................................406
Diesel SE Asia Pte v PT Bumi International Tankers (2005) 21 Con LJ 126..........................304
Dillingham v Downs (1972) 13 BLR 97.................................................................................. 64
Dixons Group plc v Jan Andrew Murray-Oboynski (1997) 86 BLR 16..................................344
Dobson v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2011] EWHC 3253 (TCC)................................... 317–18
Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562............................................. 103, 293, 294, 297, 299, 300
Donovan v Laing [1893] 1 QB 629.........................................................................................312
Downs v Chappell [1996] 3 All ER 344, [1997] 1 WLR 426..................................................... 63
Doyle v Olby (Ironmongers) Ltd [1969] 2 QB 158, CA......................................................62, 63
Drake & Scull Engineering Ltd v McLaughlin & Harvey plc (1993) 60 BLR 107................... 25
Dugan & Meyers Construction Co Inc v State of Ohio 162 Ohio App. 3d 491......................146
Dunnett v Railtrack Plc [2002] EWCA Civ 303, [2002] 2 All ER 850.............. 351, 352, 355, 357
East Ham BC v Bernard Sunley & Sons Ltd [1996] AC 406...................................................235
East v Maurer [1991] 2 All ER 733, CA.................................................................................. 63
Eccles v Southern [1861] 3 F&F 142, NP...............................................................................129
Eckersley v Binnie & Partners (1988) 18 ConLR 1, [1955–95] PNLR 348..........................80, 96
Economides v Commercial Union Assurance Co Plc [1998] QB 587, [1997]
3 All ER 636, CA.........................................................................................................61–2
EDAC v Moss (William) Group Ltd, 1 Const LJ 131.................................................... 96–7, 98
Edgeworth Construction Ltd v ND Lea & Associates Ltd (1993) 66 BLR 56
(Sup Ct Can)................................................................................................................... 62
Edgington v Fitzmaurice (1885) 29 Ch D 459......................................................................... 60
EDO Corporation v Ultra Electronics Ltd [2009] EWHC 682 (Ch)...................................395–6
Elizabeth Bay Developments Pty Ltd v Boral Building Services Pty Ltd (1995)
36 NSWLR 709............................................................................................................... 30
Emcor Drake & Skull Ltd v Costain Construction Ltd [2004] EWHC 2439 (TCC)...............412
Emirates Trading Agency LLC v Prime Mineral Exports Private Ltd [2014]
EWHC 2104 (Comm).....................................................................................................355
Emmott v Michael Wilson & Partners See Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd v Emmott
Empire Jamaica, The See NV Koninklijke Rotterdamsche Lloyd v Western Steamship Co Ltd
Emson Contractors Ltd v Protea Estates Ltd (1987) 13 ConLR 41.......................................205
xxv
TABLE OF CASES
English Industrial Estates v George Wimpey & Co Ltd [1973] 71 LGR 127, 7 BLR 122........112
Equitable Debenture Assets Corp Ltd v William Moss Group Ltd [1984] 2 ConLR 1............ 90
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Hall Russell & Co Ltd [1989] AC 643............................................312
Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon [1976] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 305................................................... 60
Export Credits Guarantee Department v Universal Oil Products Co [1983]
2 All ER 205, [1983] 1 WLR 399, 23 BLR 106................................................................257
Fairclough Building Ltd v Rhuddlan Borough Council (1985) 30 BLR 26............................133
Farley v Skinner [2002] 2 AC 732, [2001] 3 WLR 899........................................................275–9
Fastrack Contractors Ltd v Morrison Construction Ltd [2000] BLR 168...................... 362, 369
Fay v Prentice (1845) 1 CB 828..............................................................................................317
Fercometal SARL v MSC Mediterranean Shipping Co SA [1989] AC 788,
[1988] 2 All ER 742, HL.............................................................................................195–6
Fitzpatrick Contractors Ltd v Tyco Fire and Integrated Solutions (UK) Ltd
[2009] EWHC 274 (TCC), [2009] All ER (D) 70 (Mar), [2009] BLR 144......................52–3
Foakes v Beer (1883) LR 9 App Cas 605................................................................................. 46
Freemen & Son v Hensler (1900) 64 JP 260.............................................................111, 126, 226
Gaymark Investments Pty Ltd v Walter Construction Group Ltd [1999] 18 BCL 449...........341
George Hawkins v Chrysler (UK) Ltd & Burne Associates (1988) 38 BLR 36................. 79, 108
George Wimpey UK Ltd (formerly Wimpey Homes Holdings Ltd) v VI Construction Ltd
(formerly VI Components Ltd) [2005] EWCA Civ 77, [2005] BLR 135........................... 68
Gilbert Ash (Northern) Ltd v Modern Engineering (Bristol) Ltd [1974] AC 689,
[1973] 3 WLR 421................................................................................................... 260, 280
Glasgow Airport Ltd v Messrs Kirkman & Bradford [2007] CSIH 47, 2007
WL 1623394...............................................................................................................283–4
Glasgow and South Western Rly Co v Boyd and Forrest [1915] AC 526, HL.......................... 62
Gloucestershire Health Authority v Torpy (1997) 55 ConLR 124........................................... 78
Gordon and Teixeira v Seiko and Select Management Ltd [1986] 1 EGLR 71........................ 61
Gordon v Selico (1986) 18 HLR 219....................................................................................... 60
Gore v Naheed [2017] EWCA Civ 369...............................................................................354–5
Gore v Stannard (t/a Wyvern Tyres) [2012] EWCA Civ 1248, [2014] QB
1 (CA) (Civ Div).........................................................................................................321–2
Greater London Council v Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co Ltd (1986)
34 BLR 50, 8 ConLR 30, CA.........................................................................................263
Greaves & Co v Baynham Meikle & Partners [1975] 1 WLR 1095.......................................... 79
Gujarat NRE Coke Ltd v Coeclerici Asia (Pte) Ltd [2013] EWHC 1987 (Comm).................406
H Fairweather & Co Ltd v Wandsworth LBC (1987) 39 BLR 106.........................................269
Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341, 156 ER 145........................ 236–7, 238, 250–1, 253, 254
Halki Shipping Corp v Sopex Oil Ltd 794 [1998] 2 All ER 23............................................388–9
Halsey v Esso Petroleum [1961] 1 WLR 683..........................................................................317
Halsey v Milton Keynes NHS Trust [2004] EWCA Civ 576.........................351–2, 353, 354, 357
Hampton v Glamorgan County Council [1917] AC 13..........................................................139
Handelgesellschaft Schaft GmbH v Vanden Avenne Izegem PVBA [1978]
2 Lloyd’s Law Reports 109..............................................................................................339
Harmon CFEM Facades (UK) Ltd v Corporate Officer of the House of
Commons (1999) 67 ConLR 1......................................................................................56–7
Hart Investments Ltd v Fidler [2007] EWHC 1058 (TCC)...................................................94–6
Hartog v Colin and Shields [1939] 3 All ER 566................................................................67, 70
Hawkins v Chrysler (UK) Ltd & Burne Associates (1988) 38 BLR 36............................. 79, 108
Hawl-Mac Construction Ltd v Campbell River 60 BCLR 57 (1984–5).......................... 329, 331
Hawley v Luminar Leisure Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 18.............................................................315
Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465 (HL)........78, 86, 87, 97, 104, 106,
209, 298, 299
xxvi
TABLE OF CASES
Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145...............................83, 84, 85, 86, 95, 106
Heneghan v Manchester Dry Docks Ltd [2014] EWHC 4190 (QB).......................................240
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Alstom Combined Cycles Ltd (1973) 21 BLR 12........... 228–30
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Central Lancashire New Town Development
Corp (1981) 15 BLR 1................................................................................................265–6
Henry Boot Construction Ltd v Malmaison Hotel (Manchester) Ltd (1999)
70 ConLR 32........................................................................................... 269, 270, 271, 333
Heron II, The See C Czarnikow Ltd v Koufos
HG Construction Ltd v Ashwell Homes (East Anglia) Ltd [2007] EWHC 144,
[2007] BLR 175...............................................................................................................412
Hickman & Co v Roberts [1913] AC 229.................................................................... 207–8, 211
Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53.....................................................306–7
Hoare v McAlpine [1923] 1 Ch 167........................................................................................317
Hochster v De La Tour [1853] 2 E&B 678..........................................................................194–5
Holland Hannen and Cubitts (Northern) Ltd v Welsh Health Technical
Services Organisation (1982) 18 BLR 80.....................................................................223–4
Hollier v Rambler Motors (AMC) Ltd [1972] 2 QB 71, [1972] 1 All ER 399, CA................... 50
Holme v Guppy (1838) 3 M & W 387....................................................................................115
Holt Insulation Ltd v Colt International Ltd Unreported, 23 July 2001
LVO1 5929, HC (TCC)............................................................................................. 410–11
Holt, Re ex p Gray (1888) 58 LJQB 5....................................................................................129
Hong Huat Development Co (Pte) Ltd v Hiap Hong & Co Pte Ltd (2000)
82 Con LR 89........................................................................................................... 212–14
Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] 1 All ER 474............. 59
Hooper Bailie Associated Ltd v Natcon Group Pty Ltd (1992) NSWLR 194................ 28–9, 30
Hounslow LBC v Twickenham Garden Developments Ltd [1971] Ch 233,
[1970] 3 WLR 538................................................................111, 112, 113–14, 196, 214, 216
Howard Marine and Dredging Co Ltd v A Ogden & Sons (Excavations) Ltd
(1977) 9 BLR 34.........................................................................................................123–4
HS Works Ltd v Enterprise Managed Services Ltd [2009] EWHC 729 (TCC)................. 416–18
Hughes v Metropolitan Railway Co [1877] 2 AC 439.........................................................200–1
Hunt v Optima [2014] EWCA Civ 714, [2015] 1 WLR 1346 (CA (Civ Div)).................... 209–10
Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] 2 All ER 426.......................................................... 317, 318
Hurst Stores & Interiors Ltd v ML Europe Property Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 490...............232–4
Hurst v Leeming [2002] EWHC 1051......................................................................351, 352, 357
HW Nevill (Sunblest) Ltd v William Press & Son Ltd (1981) 20 BLR 78...............................112
IBM UK Holdings Ltd v Dagliesh [2015] EWHC 389 (Ch)...................................................185
Imperial Chemical Industries v Merit Merrell Technology Ltd [2017]
EWHC 1763 (TCC)........................................................................................................208
Imperial Group Pension Trust Ltd v Imperial Tobacco Ltd [1991] 1 WLR 589.....................185
Independent Broadcasting Authority v EMI Electronics and BICC
Construction Ltd (1980) 14 BLR 1........................................................ 108, 131–3, 239–40
International Minerals & Chemical Corp v Llano Inc, 770 F2d.............................................149
Interserve Industrial Services Ltd v Cleveland Bridge UK Ltd [2006]
EWHC 741 (TCC).............................................................................................414–15, 416
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin [1994] 3 NZLR 513.........................................................304
Invercargill City Council v Hamlin [1996] AC 624, (1996) 50 Con LR 105!...........................305
Ipson Renovation Ltd v The Incorporated Owners of Connie Towers [2016]
HKCFI 2117...............................................................................................................193–4
J Sainsbury plc v Broadway Malyan [1999] PNLR 286........................................................... 90
Jackson v Barry Railway Company [1893] 1 Ch 238............................................................... 23
Jacobs v Crédit Lyonnaise (1884) 12 QBD 589 (CA)..............................................................145
xxvii
TABLE OF CASES
xxviii
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
F o l g e r , dat is F o l k g a r , nog overig in den geslachtsnaam
F o l g e r a , enz. enz. Al deze Friesche namen hangen weêr samen
met soortgelijke namen, aan Hollanders, Vlamingen, Neder- en
Hoog-Duitschers in Duitschland, aan Engelschen en Skandinaviërs
eigen; bij voorbeeld aan geslachtsnamen als F o l k e r t s ,
Vo l k e r s , Vo l k a e r t s , Vo l m e r i n c k , Vo l l b e d i n g ,
F o l e r s , V o l k e r i n g , V o l q u a r d t s e n , en met plaatsnamen
als V o l b r i n g e n (F o l k b r e c h t i n g e n ), een dorp bij Soest in
Westfalen; V o l m e r i n k , eene sate bij Ahaus in Westfalen;
V o l l m a r i n g e n , een dorp bij Horb in Zwaben;
V o l k e r i n k h o v e , dorp in Fransch-Vlaanderen, Frankrijk, [279]
(Departement du Nord); V o l k e r s w u r t h , gehucht bij Meldorf in
Dithmarschen; V o l k w a r d i n g e n , dorp bij Soltau in Hanover, en
vele anderen meer. Dit alles strekt maar om den lezer de
belangrijkheid en den omvang der Friesche namenstudie in het
algemeen als met eene enkele vingerwijzing aan te toonen. [280]
Niet verre van de Workumer-Hel is nog een poel, die den wel wat
bijzonderen naam draagt van D e L i a c h t e - M a r , de Lichtemeer.
Of deze naam ook in eenig verband (of tegenstelling?) staat met
dien zwarten helnaam, kan ik niet beslissen, maar acht ik wel
waarschijnlijk.
Intusschen, wij moeten nog verder terug uit het licht tot de duisternis,
uit het Christelijke klooster naar de heidensche hel.
Het komt mij niet onwaarschijnlijk voor, dat de namen der twee
dorpen, die het naaste bij deze Trynwouder-hel liggen, in verband
staan met dat oud stuk heidendom. Oudkerk als de [283]oudste, de
eerste, langen tijd de eenige Christenkerk in deze Wouden, reeds
vroegtijdig of terstond na de invoering des Christendoms in dat oord,
juist dáár gesticht als tegenwicht tegen het heidendom, dat daar, bij
dat helle-oord, bijzonderlijk in bloei stond.
Eene derde hel was er, of is er, in Ferwerderadeel, alweêr in het lage
land, onder Hallum, in de zoogenoemde Hallumer-Mieden. Daar
heet nog een stuk land, zekerlijk vroeger een poeltje, d e H e l ; en
een ander in de nabijheid, door een dijkje half omgeven, en hierdoor
nog zooveel te meer het voorkomen van een droog gelegd poeltje
vertoonende, draagt nog den vollen ouden naam van d e
H e l s d o a r , de Helsdeur.
Dezen volledigen naam treffen wij ook elders aan. Zoo was daar nog
in de vorige eeuw een poel of kolk nabij het dorp Birdaard in
Dantumadeel, die den naam van d e H e l d o a r droeg, op de kaart
van Schotanus als Healdoor misschreven. In de 16de eeuw lag bij
deze hellekolk eene sate die in eene oorkonde van den jare 1581
vermeld staat als „de sate genoemt de Helldoer te Berdaert” 2, en in
eene andere van 1580 als Heldoor. Sedert is die kolk dicht gemaakt
en tot land geworden, en die oude naam is daardoor bij bet volk in
vergetelheid gekomen. Maar in den naam K o l k h u z e n , heden ten
dage eigen aan twee saten aldaar, blijft de herinnering aan deze
hellekolk, aan deze helsdeur bewaard. 3
De naam Helsdeur komt ook nog voor in het naburige gewest West-
Friesland, bewesten Flie. Hij is aldaar eigen aan eenen [284]fellen
stroom, in het groote West-Friesche zeegat tusschen het eiland
Texel en den hedendaagschen vasten wal van Noord-Holland, ook
door de Friesche zeelieden steeds d e H e l s d o a r genoemd.
(Halbertsma, Lexicon frisicum, bladz. 407). En ook in den naam
van D e ( n ) H e l d e r (Heldoar, Hella-dora), eene zeer oude buurt
aldaar aan den vasten wal, die thans wel eene stad mag heeten, is
een toegang tot de onderwereld nog te herkennen.
Is daar niemand, die zulk een paaltje daar weêr herstelt? Eene
zichtbare, tastbare prediking zoude ’t den volke weêr zijn, over het
derde gebod des Heeren:
„Gy en sult den name des Heeren uwes Godts niet ydelick
[285]gebruycken; want de Heere en sal niet onschuldigh houden, die
synen name ydelick gebruyckt.”
Deze oude woordvorm vinden wij dan ook nog heden terug in
sommige plaatsnamen van Zuid-westelijk Friesland, volkomen in de
zelfde beteekenis als in de hellenamen uit het overige deel des
lands, hier voren reeds vermeld.
Opmerkelijk is het, dat wij dus, zoo noordelijk en oostelijk als Grouw
gelegen is, die oude uitspraak van hel als hol nog aantreffen, eene
uitspraak die daar ter plaatse en in den omtrek thans geheel niet
meer voorkomt noch bekend is. Immers in de zeventiende eeuw
moge zij zich tot Bolsward en Sneek hebben uitgestrekt, benoorden
en beoosten die steden werd zij toen ter tijde, en zeker eeuwen
vroeger reeds niet meer gehoord.
Bezuiden Sneek komt nog heden een bijzondere hellenaam voor,
eene aardige weêrga van de H e l d o a r r e n bij Birdaard en bij
Hallum. Dat is de H o l p o a r t e , de Hellepoort, zooals eene sate
heet, die al weêr in een waterrijk oord, even benoorden het dorp
Jutrijp gelegen is. Daarnevens is nog een poel, heden ten dage de
H o l p o a r t e p o e l geheeten. Deze poel is ongetwijfeld, in de
meening der heidensche Friezen, de eigenlijke Hellepoort geweest;
maar de naam is van het water, van den poel overgegaan op de
sate, op het huis dat later daar nevens is gesticht geworden, juist
zoo als ook bij de Workumer-Hel en elders heeft plaats gegrepen.
Ik vond ook nog een oude hellenaam, die thans niet meer bekend is,
naar het schijnt; te weten: de S k r a e r d e r - H o l of Schraarder-Hel,
in eene oorkonde van den jare 1543 S c r a e r d e r a h o l genoemd,
in Wonseradeel, tusschen Pingjum, Surich en Wons.