For starters; yet incomplete; the author intends this work to be processed throughout the second semester of AY 2011-12. (WARNING: Real law books are best for students from first year onwards. This product is not intended as a substitute for real books, or reviewers available from other and more reputable service providers.)
Original Title
Oblicon for Dummies -- Art. 1158-1161 of the Civil Code, Annotated
For starters; yet incomplete; the author intends this work to be processed throughout the second semester of AY 2011-12. (WARNING: Real law books are best for students from first year onwards. This product is not intended as a substitute for real books, or reviewers available from other and more reputable service providers.)
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For starters; yet incomplete; the author intends this work to be processed throughout the second semester of AY 2011-12. (WARNING: Real law books are best for students from first year onwards. This product is not intended as a substitute for real books, or reviewers available from other and more reputable service providers.)
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
colleJ m 1olenLlno ue Leon and ue Leon !r dlory8aba[anLe noLes and oLher lnLerneL sources noLe unless oLherwlse sLaLed all ArLlcles referred Lo are provlslons of Lhe Clvll Code
rt 115 ob/iqotio is o juridico/ ecessity to qive to do or ot to do
IUkIDICAL NLCLSSI1 [urldlcal Lle connoLes LhaL ln case of noncompllance Lhere wlll be legal sancLlons
An obllgaLlon ls noLhlng more Lhan Lhe duLy of a person (obllgor) Lo saLlsfy a speclflc demandable clalm of anoLher person (obllgee) whlch lf breached ls enforceable ln courL A conLracL necessarlly glves rlse Lo an obllgaLlon buL an obllgaLlon does noL always need Lo have a conLracL
kINDS CI C8LIGA1ICN A Irom the v|ewpo|nt of "sanct|on" (a)CIVIL C8LIGA1ICN LhaL deflned ln ArLlcle 1136 an obllgaLlon lf noL fulfllled when lL becomes due and demandable may be enforced ln courL Lhrough acLlon based on law Lhe sancLlon ls [udlclal due process (b)NA1UkAL C8LIGA1ICN deflned ln ArLlcle 1423 a speclal klnd of obllgaLlon whlch cannoL be enforced ln courL buL whlch auLhorlzes Lhe reLenLlon of Lhe volunLary paymenL or performance made by Lhe debLor based on equlLy and naLural law (le when Lhere ls prescrlpLlon of duLy Lo pay sLlll Lhe obllgor pald hls dues Lo Lhe obllgee Lhe obllgor cannoL recover hls paymenL even Lhere ls prescrlpLlon) Lhe sancLlon ls Lhe law buL only consclence had orlglnally moLlvaLed Lhe paymenL (c) MCkAL C8LIGA1ICN Lhe sancLlon ls consclence or morallLy or Lhe law of Lhe church (noLe lf a CaLhollc promlses Lo hear mass for 10 consecuLlve Sundays ln order Lo recelve 1000 Lhls obllgaLlon becomes a clvll one)
8 Irom the v|ewpo|nt of sub[ect matter (a) kLAL C8LIGA1ICN Lhe obllgaLlon Lo glve (b) LkSCNAL C8LIGA1ICN Lhe obllgaLlon Lo do or noL Lo do (eg Lhe duLy Lo palnL a house or Lo refraln from commlLLlng a nulsance)
C Irom the aff|rmat|veness and negat|veness of the ob||gat|on (a) CSI1IVL Ck AIIIkMA1IVL C8LIGA1ICN Lhe obllgaLlon Lo glve or Lo do (b) NLGA1IVL C8LIGA1ICN Lhe obllgaLlon noL Lo do (whlch naLurally lnludes noL Lo glve)
D Irom the v|ewpo|nt of persons ob||ged "sanct|on" (a) UNILA1LkAL where only one of Lhe parLles ls bound (eg laLo owes SocraLes 1000 laLo musL pay SocraLes) (b) 8ILA1LkAL where boLh parLles are bound (eg ln a conLracL of sale Lhe buyer ls obllged Lo dellver) may be (b1) reclprocal (b2) nonreclprocal where performance by one ls non dependenL upon performance by Lhe oLher
LLLMLN1S CI C8LIGA1ICN a) AC1IVL SU8ILC1 (CredlLor / Cbllgee) Lhe person who ls demandlng Lhe performance of Lhe obllgaLlon b) ASSIVL SU8ILC1 (uebLor / Cbllgor) Lhe one bound Lo perform Lhe presLaLlon or Lo fulflll Lhe obllgaLlon or duLy c) kLS1A1ICN (Lo glve Lo do or noL Lo do) ob[ecL sub[ecL maLLer of Lhe obllgaLlon conducL requlred Lo be observed by Lhe debLor d) LIIICILN1 CAUSL Lhe !u8lulCAL 1lL whlch blnds Lhe parLles Lo Lhe obllgaLlon source of Lhe obllgaLlon
kLS1A1ICN (Cb[ect) 1 1C ClvL dellvery of a Lhlng Lo Lhe credlLor (ln sale deposlL pledge donaLlon) 2 1C uC covers all klnds of works or servlces (conLracL for professlonal servlces) 3 nC1 1C uC conslsLs of refralnlng from dolng some acLs (ln followlng rules and regulaLlons)
kequ|s|tes of restat|on ] Cb[ect 1) llclL (lf llllclL lL ls vold) 2) posslble (lf lmposslble lL ls vold) 3) deLermlnaLe or deLermlnable (or else vold) 4) pecunlary value
INIUk wrongful acL or omlsslon whlch causes loss or harm Lo anoLher DAMAGL resulL of ln[ury (loss hurL harm)
NA1UkAL C8LIGA1ICNS qeero//y
142J Obllqol oe clvll oool clvll bllqol qlve o lqb ocl cmpel bel pemoce Noool bllqol belq boeJ pllve low bo epol oJ oool low J qo o lqb ocl ece bel pemoce bo oe vloo ollllme b be bllq be ooblze be eel wbo bo bee JellveeJ eJeeJ b eo bee 5me oool bllqol oe e b l be llwlq olcle
1424 wbe o lqb oe op o clvll bllqol bo lopeJ b exlclve peclpl be bllq wb vlooll pem be coc co ecve wbo be bo JellveeJ be voloe be evlce be bo eJeeJ
1425 wbe wlbo be kwleJqe oqol be wlll be Jeb o blJ pe po o Jeb wblcb be bllq l leqoll boJ po becooe be ocl bee bo peclbeJ bo be Jeb loe vlooll elmboe be blJ pe be bllq co ecve wbo be bo polJ
1426 wbe o ml bewee elqbee oJ wee eo oqe wb bo eeeJ l o coc wlbo be ce be poe qooJlo oe be oolme be coc vlooll eo be wble blq plce ecelveJ wlboJlq be oc be be bo bee beeleJ beeb bee l lqb JemoJ be blq plce bo eoeJ
1427 wbe o ml bewee elqbee oJ wee eo
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|2 oqe wb bo eeeJ l o coc wlbo be ce be poe qooJlo vlooll po o om me Jellve o oqlble blq l ollllme be bllqol bee boll be lqb ecve be ome m be bllqee wb bo pe comeJ l l qJ olb (1160%
1428 wbe oe o ocl ece o clvll bllqol bo olleJ be JeeJo vlooll pem be bllqol be co JemoJ be eo wbo be bo JellveeJ be pome be voloe be evlce be bo eJeeJ
1429 wbe o eoe leoe bel vlooll po o Jeb be JeceJe exceeJlq be voloe be ppe wblcb be ecelveJ b wlll b be low leoc m be eoe be JeceoeJ be pome l vollJ oJ co be eclJeJ b be poe
14J0 wbe o wlll l JecloeJ vlJ becooe l bo bee execoeJ l occJoce wlb be mollle epoleJ b low bo e be leoe bel oe be eleme be Jeb be JeceoeJ po o leqoc l cmplloce wlb o clooe l be Jeeclve wlll be pome l eeclve oJ levcoble
kLSCkI1ICN qeero//y 1106 8 peclpl e ocpole weblp oJ be eol lqb boqb be lope lme l be moe oJ oJe be cJll lolJ Jw b low l be ome wo lqb oJ cJll oe l b peclpl (19J0o%
DLLIVLk qeero//y 15J7 1be veJ l boJ Jellve be blq lJ oJ l occel oJ occele l be cJll l wblcb be wee op be peecl be coc
ll be ol boll peol be veJee m be Jo wblcb be coc wo peeceJ (1468o%
kLSCkI1ICN qeero//y 11J9 cl peclbe b be mee lope lme lxeJ b low (1961%
Statutes of L|m|tat|on acLs llmlLlng Lhe Llme wlLhln whlch acLlons shall be broughL
rescr|pt|on of Act|ons]L|m|tat|on of Act|ons Llme wlLhln whlch an acLlon may be broughL or some acL done Lo preserve a rlghL A legal and noL a naLural cause of Lhe exLlngulsmenL of obllgaLlons
Laches ls a defense Lo a proceedlng ln whlch a plalnLlff seeks equlLable rellef and ls lndependenL of prescrlpLlon Cases ln LqulLy are dlsLlngulshed from cases aL law by Lhe Lype of remedy or [udlclal rellef soughL by Lhe plalnLlff Cenerally law cases lnvolve a problem LhaL can be solved by Lhe paymenL of moneLary damages LqulLy cases lnvolve remedles dlrecLed by Lhe courL agalnsL a parLy (Legal ulcLlonary by larlex)
rescr|pt|on Laches Concerned wlLh facLs of delay Concerned wlLh effecLs of delay rlnclpally a quesLlon of lnequlLy of permlLLlng a clalm Lo be enforced Lhls lnequlLy belng founded on some change of condlLlon of Lhe properLy or relaLlon of Lhe parLles SLaLuLory noL sLaLuLory Applles Lo law Applles Lo equlLy 8ased on flxed Llme noL based on flxed Llme
1140 cl ecve mvoble boll peclbe elqb eo m be lme be pel bee l l ole be pe bo ocpoleJ be weblp b peclpl o le pelJ occJlq lcle 11J2 oJ wlbo pejoJlce be pvll lcle 559 1505 oJ 11JJ (1962o%
O ln leap years Ieb 28 and 29 are counted separate days noL as one day ln compuLlng Lhe prescrlpLlve perlod where Lhere ls a leap year lnvolved O Lapse of Lhe perlod of prescrlpLlon provlded by law has Lhe effecL of exLlngulshlng Lhe acLlon 8uL Lhere ls no ext|nct|ve prescr|pt|on un|ess the per|od prov|ded by |aw exp|res O rescr|pt|on |s a defense the debtor a|one can p|ead and Lhe obllgaLlon subslsLs unLll he avalls hlmself Lhereof Lhe courLs of [usLlce cannoL supply Lhe defense lf Lhe debLor doesn'L hlmself do lL
1141 keol ocl ve lmmvoble peclbe oe bl eo 1bl pvll l wlbo pejoJlce wbo l eobllbeJ be ocpolll weblp oJ be eol lqb b peclpl (196J%
1142 mqoqe ocl peclbe oe e eo (1964o% O lL ls noL posslble Lo separaLe legally Lhe lnLeresL or any parL Lhereof from Lhe prlnclpal lLself
114J 1be llwlq lqb omq be peclleJ elewbee l bl cJe oe exlqolbeJ b peclpl (1% 1 JemoJ o lqb wo eqoloeJ l lcle 649 (2% 1 blq o ocl oboe o pobllc plvoe oloce (%
O no prescrlpLlon shall run ln favor of a coowner or a cohelr agalnsL hls coowners or cohelrs so long as he expressly or lmplledly recognlze Lhe coownershlp O 1he naLure of such ls of a subslsLlng LrusL and consldered Lo be ln Lhe name of Lhe Lhe oLhers O lmprescrlbablllLy applles only so long as lL ls admlLLed or presumed LhaL Lhe coownershlp exlsLs
1144 1be llwlq ocl mo be boqb wlbl e eo m be lme be lqb ocl occoe (1% up o wle coc (2% up o bllqol ceoeJ b low (J% up o joJqme (%
O Imp||ed trusts when properLy ls reglsLered ln anoLher's name an lmplled or consLrucLlve LrusL ls creaLed by law ln favor of Lhe Lrue owner 1he acLlon for reconveyance Lo Lhe LlLle of Lhe rlghLful owner prescrlbes ln 10 years from Lhe lssuance of Lhe LlLle O lf fraud has been commlLLed and Lhls ls Lhe basls of acLlon noL
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|J lmplled LrusL Lhe acLlon wlll be barred afLer 4 years
1145 1be llwlq ocl mo be cmmeceJ wlbl lx eo (1% up o ol coc (2% up o poolcoc (%
O ArL 2142 CerLaln lawful volunLary and unllaLeral acLs glve rlse Lo Lhe [urldlcal relaLlon of quas|contract Lo Lhe end LhaL no one sha|| be un[ust|y enr|ched or benef|ted at the expense of another (n) O ArL 2143 1he provlslons for quaslconLracLs ln Lhls ChapLer do noL exclude oLher quaslconLracLs whlch may come wlLhln Lhe purvlew of Lhe precedlng arLlcle (n) O A quaslconLracL ls LhaL [urldlcal relaLlon resulLlng from cerLaln lawful volunLary and unllaLeral acLs by vlrLue of whlch Lhe parLles become bound Lo each oLher Lo Lhe end LhaL no one wlll be un[usLly enrlched Lo beneflLed aL Lhe expense of anoLher O lL lsn'L a proper conLracL Lhere ls no consenL buL Lhe same ls supplled by flcLlon of law Lo prevenL ln[usLlce O ,ore dlscusslons under ArL 1160
1146 1be llwlq ocl mo be lloeJ wlbl o eo (1% up o ljo be lqb be ploll (2% up o poolJellc nweve wbe be ocl ole m o o oc oclvl cJoc o pobllc lce lvlvlq be execle pwe oobl ollq m Molol low lcloJlq be oe Jeel oJ/ lol be ploll be ome mo be boqb wlbl e (1% eo ( omeJeJ b lu N 1755 uec 24 1980%
O An acLlon based on fraud prescrlbes ln four years from Lhe dlscovery of Lhe fraud
1147 1be llwlq ocl mo be lleJ wlbl e eo (1% l clble e oJ Jeole (2% l Jeomol (%
1148 1be llmlol ocl meleJ l lcle 1140 1142 oJ 1144 1147 oe wlbo pejoJlce be peclleJ l be po bl cJe l be cJe cmmece oJ l peclol low (%
1149 ll be ocl wbe pelJ oe lxeJ l bl cJe l be low mo be boqb wlbl lve eo m be lme be lqb ocl occoe (%
1150 1be lme peclpl oll klJ ocl wbe bee l peclol pvll wblcb Jol bewle boll be coeJ m be Jo be mo be boqb (1969%
1151 1be lme be peclpl ocl wblcb bove bel bjec be eceme bllqol po plclpol wlb lee ool o m be lo pome be ool be lee (1970o%
1152 1be pelJ peclpl ocl JemoJ be ollllme bllqol JecloeJ b o joJqme cmmece m be lme be joJqme become lol (1971%
115J 1be pelJ peclpl ocl JemoJ occolq o m be Jo be pe wb bolJ eJe be ome ceoe l bel ocl 1be pelJ be ocl ollq m be eol be occolq o m be Joe wbe olJ eol wo ecqlzeJ b oqeeme be leeeJ pole (1972%
1154 1be pelJ Jolq wblcb be bllqee wo peveeJ b o olo eve m eclq bl lqb l eckeJ oqol blm (% O SLaLuLe of llmlLaLlons ls suspended by war rebelllon or lnsurrecLlon on|y when the regu|ar course of [ust|ce |s |nterrupted to such an extent that courts cannot be kept open and not w|th|n the reach of the peop|e O All Lerms or perlods flxed by law or regulaLlons shall cease Lo run from Lhe daLe of desLrucLlon of Lhe records of Lhe case and shall only begln Lo run agaln on Lhe daLe hen Lhe parLles or counsel shall have recelved noLlce Lo Lhe effecL LhaL Lhe records have been reconsLlLuLed
1155 1be peclpl ocl l leopeJ wbe be oe lleJ bee be co wbe bee l o wle exojoJlclol JemoJ b be ceJl oJ wbe bee l o wle ockwleJqme be Jeb b be Jeb (197Jo%
C8LIGA1ICNS qeero//y
rt 1157 Ob/iqotios orise from {1) Low {2) cotrocts {l) uosicotrocts {4) cts or omissios puished by /ow od {5) uoside/icts {1089o)
LAW (Cb||gat|on ex |ege) lmposed by law lLself musL be expressly or lmplledly seL forLh and cannoL be presumed
CCN1kAC1S (Cb||gat|on ex contractu) arlse from sLlpulaLlons of Lhe parLles meeLlng of Lhe mlnds / formal agreemenL musL be complled wlLh ln good falLh because lL ls Lhe law" beLween parLles nelLher parLy may unllaLerally evade hls obllgaLlon ln Lhe conLracL unless a) conLracL auLhorlzes lL b) oLher parLy assenLs
O ArL 1303 A conLracL ls a meeLlng of mlnds beLween Lwo persons whereby one blnds hlmself wlLh respecL Lo Lhe oLher Lo glve someLhlng or Lo render some servlce (1234a) O ArL 1306 1he conLracLlng parLles may esLabllsh such sLlpulaLlons clauses Lerms and condlLlons as Lhey may deem convenlenL provlded Lhey are noL conLrary Lo law morals good cusLoms publlc order or publlc pollcy (1233a)
UASICCN1kAC1S (Cb||gat|on ex quas|contractu) arlse from lawful volunLary and unllaLeral acLs and whlch are enforceable Lo Lhe end LhaL no one shall be un[usLly enrlched or beneflLed aL Lhe expense of anoLher negoLlorlum gesLlo and soluLlon lndebeLl
-eqotiorum qestio volunLary managemenL of Lhe properLy or affalrs
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|4 of anoLher wlLhouL Lhe knowledge or consenL of Lhe laLLer !urldlcal relaLlon doesn'L rlse lf Lhe properLy or buslness ls noL neglecLed or abandoned or lf Lhe manager has been LaclLly auLhorlzed by Lhe owner ln whlch case Lhe rules on agency shall govern See ArL 2144 2143 O ArL 2144 Whoever volunLarlly Lakes charge of Lhe agency or managemenL of Lhe buslness or properLy of anoLher wlLhouL any power from Lhe laLLer ls obllged Lo conLlnue Lhe same unLll Lhe LermlnaLlon of Lhe affalr and lLs lncldenLs or Lo requlre Lhe person concerned Lo subsLlLuLe hlm lf Lhe owner ls ln a poslLlon Lo do so 1hls [urldlcal relaLlon does noL arlse ln elLher of Lhese lnsLances (1) When Lhe properLy or buslness ls noL neglecLed or abandoned (2) lf ln facL Lhe manager has been LaclLly auLhorlzed by Lhe owner
ln Lhe flrsL case Lhe provlslons of ArLlcles 1317 1403 no 1 and 1404 regardlng unauLhorlzed conLracLs shall govern
ln Lhe second case Lhe rules on agency ln 1lLle x of Lhls 8ook shall be appllcable (1888a)
O ArL 2143 1he offlclous manager shall perform hls duLles wlLh all Lhe dlllgence of a good faLher of a famlly and pay Lhe damages whlch Lhrough hls faulL or negllgence may be suffered by Lhe owner of Lhe properLy or buslness under managemenL
1he courLs may however lncrease or moderaLe Lhe lndemnlLy accordlng Lo Lhe clrcumsLances of each case (1889a)
o/utio idebiti undue paymenL 1hls Lakes place when someLhlng ls recelved when Lhere ls no rlghL Lo demand lL and lL was unduly dellvered Lhru mlsLake
DLLIC1S (Cb||gat|on ex ma|ef|c|o or ex de||cto) arlse from clvll llablllLy whlch ls Lhe consequence of a crlmlnal offense Lhe commlsslon of an offense has a Lwopronged effecL Lhe crlmlnal and Lhe clvll O A person noL crlmlnally responslble may sLlll be clvllly llable O Covernlng rules 1 erLlnenL provlslons of Lhe 8C and oLher penal laws sub[ecL Lo ArL 2177 (responslblllLy for faulL or negllgence under Lhe precedlng arLlcle ls enLlrely separaLe and dlsLlncL from Lhe clvll llablllLy arlslng from negllgence under Lhe enal Code 8uL Lhe plalnLlff cannoL recover damages Lwlce for Lhe same acL or omlsslon of Lhe defendanL) and ArL 100 of Lhe 8C (every person crlmlnally llable for a felony ls also clvllly llable) 2 ChapLer 2 rellmlnary LlLle on Puman 8elaLlons (Clvll Code) 3 1lLle 18 of 8ook lv of Lhe Clvll Code on damages See ArLlcle 1161
UASIDLLIC1 ] 1Ck1 (Cb||gat|on ex quas|de||cto or ex quas| ma|ef|c|o) an acL or omlsslon by a person (LorL feasor) whlch causes damage Lo anoLher ln hls person properLy or rlghLs glvlng rlse Lo an obllgaLlon for Lhe damage done Lhere belng faulL or negllgence buL Lhere ls no preexlsLlng conLracLual relaLlon beLween Lhe parLles O ArL 2176 Whoever by acL or omlsslon causes damage Lo anoLher Lhere belng faulL or negllgence ls obllged Lo pay for Lhe damage done Such faulL or negllgence lf Lhere ls no pre exlsLlng conLracLual relaLlon beLween Lhe parLles ls called a quasldellcL and ls governed by Lhe provlslons of Lhls ChapLer kequ|s|tes of uas|De||ct 1 AcL/omlsslon by defendanL 2 laulL/negllgence of defendanL 3 uamage caused Lo plalnLlff 4 ulrecL relaLlon/connecLlon of cause and effecL beLween acL/omlsslon and damage Lo plalnLlff 3 no preexlsLlng conLracLual relaLlon beLween Lhe parLles
Crlme/uellcL CuasluellcL Crlmlnal/mallclous lnLenL or crlmlnal negllgence presenL Cnly negllgence presenL AffecLs publlc lnLeresL AffecLs only prlvaLe lnLeresL Crlmlnal and clvll llablllLles presenL Cnly clvll llablllLy presenL urpose punlshmenL urpose lndemnlflcaLlon of Lhe offended parLy Crlmlnal llablllLy cannoL be compromlsed or seLLled by Lhe parLles Lhemselves LlablllLy for quasldellcL can be compromlsed as any oLher clvll llablllLy CullL beyond reasonable doubL musL be proven laulL/negllgence of Lhe defendanL need only be proved by preponderance of evldence LlablllLy of Lhe person responslble of Lhe auLhor of negllgenL acL or omlsslon ls subsldlary LlablllLy of Lhe person responslblefor Lhe auLhor of Lhe negllgenL acL or omlsslon ls dlrecL and prlmary
rt 1158 Ob/iqotios derived from /ow ore ot presumed O/y those express/y determied i this code or i specio/ /ows ore demodob/e od sho// be requ/oted by the precepts of the /ow which estob/ishes them od os to whot hos ot bee foresee by the provisios of this 8ook {1090) O Legal obllgaLlons or obllgaLlons arlslng from law are noL presumed as Lhey are consldered a burden upon Lhe obllgor O Cnly Lhose derlved from lawLhls Code or ln speclal lawsare enforceable O Law can'L exlsL as a source of obllgaLlons unless Lhe acLs Lo whlch lLs prlnclples may be applled exlsL O Cnce such exlsLs obllgaLlons arlslng Lherefrom by vlrLue of express provlslons of Lhe law are enLlrely lndependenL of Lhe agreemenL of Lhe parLles and are governed by Lhe law by whlch Lhey're creaLed O lelo v loo 12 hll 433 lnlaws called Lhe docLor for Lhe laborlng wlfe who was sundered from hubby wlfe subsequenLly dled docLor wanLed Lo make slngll CourL holds LhaL Lhough lL was noL Lhe husband who called Lhe docLor for medlcal asslsLance buL Lhe lnlaws Lhls ls no bar Lo hls fulfllllng hls legal obllgaLlon Lo hls wlfe as per law spouses are muLually bound Lo supporL each oLher (See now ArLs 1943 of lamlly Code) O ue lo coz v Nbe 1beolcol eple Clnema sekyu shoL a mad boloman gaLecrasher was accused and had hls employer pay expenses lncurred ln hls defense CourL holds LhaL glvlng of legal asslsLance Lo Lhe employee whlle may be a moral obllgaLlon ls noL a legal obllgaLlon under law Sekyu can'L recover from employer hls lawyer's fees 8oohoo
rt 1159 Ob/iqotios orisiq from cotrocts hove the force of /ow
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|5 betwee the cotroctiq porties od shou/d be comp/ied with i qood foith {1091o) O ArL 1303 A conLracL ls a meeLlng of mlnds beLween Lwo persons whereby one blnds hlmself wlLh respecL Lo Lhe oLher Lo glve someLhlng or Lo render some servlce (1234a) O ArL 1306 1he conLracLlng parLles may esLabllsh such sLlpulaLlons clauses Lerms and condlLlons as Lhey may deem convenlenL provlded Lhey are noL conLrary Lo law morals good cusLoms publlc order or publlc pollcy (1233a) O 1he law wlll noL permlL a parLy Lo be seL free from a llablllLy for any klnd of mlsperformance of Lhe conLracLual underLaklng or a conLravenLlon of Lhe Lenor Lhereof O ,ere proof of Lhe exlsLence of Lhe conLracL and Lhe fallure of lLs compllance ls prlma facle [usLlfy a correspondlng rlghL of rellef O vold conLracLs do noL exlsL and no obllgaLlons arlse from Lhem uuP!!!!!! O lalslflcaLlon of a conLracL by unauLhorlzed lnserLlon of addlLlonal sLlpulaLlons doesn'L avold whole conLracL whlch musL be enforced sLlll sans sald addlLlonal sLlpulaLlons
rt 110 Ob/iqotios derived from quosicotrocts sho// be subject to the provisios of chopter 1 1it/e xvll of this 8ook {) O ArL 2142 CerLaln lawful volunLary and unllaLeral acLs glve rlse Lo Lhe [urldlcal relaLlon of quas|contract Lo Lhe end LhaL no one sha|| be un[ust|y enr|ched or benef|ted at the expense of another (n) O ArL 2143 1he provlslons for quaslconLracLs ln Lhls ChapLer do noL exclude oLher quaslconLracLs whlch may come wlLhln Lhe purvlew of Lhe precedlng arLlcle (n) O A quaslconLracL ls LhaL [urldlcal relaLlon resulLlng from cerLaln lawful volunLary and unllaLeral acLs by vlrLue of whlch Lhe parLles become bound Lo each oLher Lo Lhe end LhaL no one wlll be un[usLly enrlched Lo beneflLed aL Lhe expense of anoLher O lL lsn'L a proper conLracL Lhere ls no consenL buL Lhe same ls supplled by flcLlon of law Lo prevenL ln[usLlce -eqotiorum qestio volunLary managemenL of Lhe properLy or affalrs of anoLher wlLhouL Lhe knowledge or consenL of Lhe laLLer !urldlcal relaLlon doesn'L rlse lf Lhe properLy or buslness ls noL neglecLed or abandoned or lf Lhe manager has been LaclLly auLhorlzed by Lhe owner ln whlch case Lhe rules on agency shall govern See ArL 2144 2143
Art 2144 Whoever volunLarlly Lakes charge of Lhe agency or managemenL of Lhe buslness or properLy of anoLher wlLhouL any power from Lhe laLLer ls obllged Lo conLlnue Lhe same unLll Lhe LermlnaLlon of Lhe affalr and lLs lncldenLs or Lo requlre Lhe person concerned Lo subsLlLuLe hlm lf Lhe owner ls ln a poslLlon Lo do so 1hls [urldlcal relaLlon does noL arlse ln elLher of Lhese lnsLances (1) When Lhe properLy or buslness ls noL neglecLed or abandoned (2) lf ln facL Lhe manager has been LaclLly auLhorlzed by Lhe owner ln Lhe flrsL case Lhe provlslons of ArLlcles 1317 1403 no 1 and 1404 regardlng unauLhorlzed conLracLs shall govern ln Lhe second case Lhe rules on agency ln 1lLle x of Lhls 8ook shall be appllcable (1888a)
Art 214S 1he offlclous manager shall perform hls duLles wlLh all Lhe dlllgence of a good faLher of a famlly and pay Lhe damages whlch Lhrough hls faulL or negllgence may be suffered by Lhe owner of Lhe properLy or buslness under managemenL 1he courLs may however lncrease or moderaLe Lhe lndemnlLy accordlng Lo Lhe clrcumsLances of each case (1889a) o/utio idebiti undue paymenL 1hls Lakes place when someLhlng ls recelved when Lhere ls no rlghL Lo demand lL and lL was unduly dellvered Lhru mlsLake O u51 cpeolve 5e v cl Mollo 15 5ck 656 (1969% 1axexempL coop mlsLakenly belleves lL's llable Lo pay Laxes may lL recover paymenL? ?es as lL was made under a mlsLake soluLlon lndeblLl 8awr
rt 111 civi/ ob/iqotios orisiq from crimio/ offeses sho// be qovered by the peo/ /ows subject to the provisios of rtic/e 2177 od of the pertiet provisios of chopter 2 Pre/imiory 1it/e o numo ke/otios od of 1it/e xvlll of this 8ook requ/otiq domoqes {1092o)
O As per ArL 100 of 8C Lvery person crlmlnally llable for a felony ls also clvllly llable arlses from Lhe duLy everybody has of maklng good Lhe damages he may occaslon anoLher by hls acLs whenever Lhese are conLrary Lo law xxx clvll llablllLy may be exacLed of an lmbeclle or madman xxx or oLher persons exempL from crlmlnal llablllLy
Art|c|e 101 kole eqoJlq clvll lloblll l ceol coe 1he exempLlon from crlmlnal llablllLy esLabllshed ln subdlvlslons 1 2 3 3 and 6 of arLlcle 12 and ln subdlvlslon 4 of arLlcle 11 of Lhls Code does noL lnclude exempLlon from clvll llablllLy whlch shall be enforced sub[ecL Lo Lhe followlng rules llrsL ln cases of subdlvlslons 1 2 and 3 of arLlcle 12 Lhe clvll llablllLy for acLs commlLLed by an lmbeclle or lnsane person and by a person under nlne years of age or by one over nlne buL under flfLeen years of age who has acLed wlLhouL dlscernmenL shall devolve upon Lhose havlng such person under Lhelr legal auLhorlLy or conLrol unless lL appears LhaL Lhere was no faulL or negllgence on Lhelr parL Should Lhere be no person havlng such lnsane lmbeclle or mlnor under hls auLhorlLy legal guardlanshlp or conLrol or lf such person be lnsolvenL sald lnsane lmbeclle or mlnor shall respond wlLh Lhelr own properLy excepLlng properLy exempL from execuLlon ln accordance wlLh Lhe clvll law Second ln cases falllng wlLhln subdlvlslon 4 of arLlcle 11 Lhe persons for whose beneflL Lhe harm has been prevenLed shall be clvllly llable ln proporLlon Lo Lhe beneflL whlch Lhey may have recelved 1he courLs shall deLermlne ln sound dlscreLlon Lhe proporLlonaLe amounL for whlch each one shall be llable When Lhe respecLlve shares cannoL be equlLably deLermlned even approxlmaLely or when Lhe llablllLy also aLLaches Lo Lhe CovernmenL or Lo Lhe ma[orlLy of Lhe lnhablLanLs of Lhe Lown and ln all evenLs whenever Lhe damage has been caused wlLh Lhe consenL of Lhe auLhorlLles or Lhelr agenLs lndemnlflcaLlon shall be made ln Lhe manner prescrlbed by speclal laws or regulaLlons 1hlrd ln cases falllng wlLhln subdlvlslons 3 and 6 of arLlcle 12 Lhe persons uslng vlolence or causlng Lhe fears shall be prlmarlly llable and secondarlly or lf Lhere be no such persons Lhose dolng Lhe acL shall be llable savlng always Lo Lhe laLLer LhaL parL of Lhelr properLy exempL from execuLlon
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|6 pple eobllbme ln defaulL of Lhe persons crlmlnally llable lnnkeepers Lavernkeepers and any oLher persons or corporaLlons shall be clvllly llable for crlmes commlLLed ln Lhelr esLabllshmenLs ln all cases where a vlolaLlon of munlclpal ordlnances or some general or speclal pollce regulaLlon shall have been commlLLed by Lhem or Lhelr employees lnnkeepers are also subsldlarlly llable for Lhe resLlLuLlon of goods Laken by robbery or LhefL wlLhln Lhelr houses from guesLs lodglng Lhereln or for Lhe paymenL of Lhe value Lhereof provlded LhaL such guesLs shall have noLlfled ln advance Lhe lnnkeeper hlmself or Lhe person represenLlng hlm of Lhe deposlL of such goods wlLhln Lhe lnn and shall furLhermore have followed Lhe dlrecLlons whlch such lnnkeeper or hls represenLaLlve may have glven Lhem wlLh respecL Lo Lhe care of and vlgllance over such goods no llablllLy shall aLLach ln case of robbery wlLh vlolence agalnsL or lnLlmldaLlon of persons unless commlLLed by Lhe lnnkeepers employees
Art|c|e 103 5oblJlo clvll lloblll be pe 1he subsldlary llablllLy esLabllshed ln Lhe nexL precedlng arLlcle shall also apply Lo employers Leachers persons and corporaLlons engaged ln any klnd of lndusLry for felonles commlLLed by Lhelr servanLs puplls workmen apprenLlces or employees ln Lhe dlscharge of Lhelr duLles
Art|c|e 104 wbo l lcloJeJ l clvll lloblll 1he clvll llablllLy esLabllshed ln arLlcles 100 101 102 and 103 of Lhls Code lncludes 1 8esLlLuLlon 2 8eparaLlon of Lhe damage caused 3 lndemnlflcaLlon for consequenLlal damages
Art|c|e 10S kelol Pow made 1he resLlLuLlon of Lhe Lhlng lLself musL be made whenever posslble wlLh allowance for any deLerloraLlon or dlmlnuLlon of value as deLermlned by Lhe courL 1he Lhlng lLself shall be resLored even Lhough lL be found ln Lhe possesslon of a Lhlrd person who has acqulred lL by lawful means savlng Lo Lhe laLLer hls acLlon agalnsL Lhe proper person who may be llable Lo hlm 1hls provlslon ls noL appllcable ln cases ln whlch Lhe Lhlng has been acqulred by Lhe Lhlrd person ln Lhe manner and under Lhe requlremenLs whlch by law bar an acLlon for lLs recovery
Art|c|e 106 kepool Pow made 1he courL shall deLermlne Lhe amounL of damage Laklng lnLo conslderaLlon Lhe prlce of Lhe Lhlng whenever posslble and lLs speclal senLlmenLal value Lo Lhe ln[ured parLy and reparaLlon shall be made accordlngly
Art|c|e 107 lJemllcol WhaL ls lncluded lndemnlflcaLlon for consequenLlal damages shall lnclude noL only Lhose caused Lhe ln[ured parLy buL also Lhose suffered by hls famlly or by a Lhlrd person by reason of Lhe crlme
Independent C|v|| Act|on O Cnce clvll acLlon ls flled lL may proceed Lo flnal [udgmenL lrrespecLlve of Lhe resulL of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon and Lhe flllng of Lhe crlmlnal acLlon doesn'L suspend Lhe clvll acLlon Art 31 When Lhe clvll acLlon ls based on an obllgaLlon noL arlslng from Lhe acL or omlsslon complalned of as a felony such clvll acLlon may proceed lndependenLly of Lhe crlmlnal proceedlngs and regardless of Lhe resulL of Lhe laLLer
Art 32 Any publlc offlcer or employee or any prlvaLe lndlvldual who dlrecLly or lndlrecLly obsLrucLs defeaLs vlolaLes or ln any manner lmpedes or lmpalrs any of Lhe followlng rlghLs and llberLles of anoLher person shall be llable Lo Lhe laLLer for damages (1) lreedom of rellglon (2) lreedom of speech (3) lreedom Lo wrlLe for Lhe press or Lo malnLaln a perlodlcal publlcaLlon (4) lreedom from arblLrary or lllegal deLenLlon (3) lreedom of suffrage (6) 1he rlghL agalnsL deprlvaLlon of properLy wlLhouL due process of law (7) 1he rlghL Lo a [usL compensaLlon when prlvaLe properLy ls Laken for publlc use (8) 1he rlghL Lo Lhe equal proLecLlon of Lhe laws (9) 1he rlghL Lo be secure ln ones person house papers and effecLs agalnsL unreasonable searches and selzures (10) 1he llberLy of abode and of changlng Lhe same (11) 1he prlvacy of communlcaLlon and correspondence (12) 1he rlghL Lo become a member of assoclaLlons or socleLles for purposes noL conLrary Lo law (13) 1he rlghL Lo Lake parL ln a peaceable assembly Lo peLlLlon Lhe governmenL for redress of grlevances (14) 1he rlghL Lo be free from lnvolunLary servlLude ln any form (13) 1he rlghL of Lhe accused agalnsL excesslve ball (16) 1he rlghL of Lhe accused Lo be heard by hlmself and counsel Lo be lnformed of Lhe naLure and cause of Lhe accusaLlon agalnsL hlm Lo have a speedy and publlc Lrlal Lo meeL Lhe wlLnesses face Lo face and Lo have compulsory process Lo secure Lhe aLLendance of wlLness ln hls behalf (17) lreedom from belng compelled Lo be a wlLness agalnsL ones self or from belng forced Lo confess gullL or from belng lnduced by a promlse of lmmunlLy or reward Lo make such confesslon excepL when Lhe person confesslng becomes a SLaLe wlLness (18) lreedom from excesslve flnes or cruel and unusual punlshmenL unless Lhe same ls lmposed or lnfllcLed ln accordance wlLh a sLaLuLe whlch has noL been [udlclally declared unconsLlLuLlonal and (19) lreedom of access Lo Lhe courLs ln any of Lhe cases referred Lo ln Lhls arLlcle wheLher or noL Lhe defendanLs acL or omlsslon consLlLuLes a crlmlnal offense Lhe aggrleved parLy has a rlghL Lo commence an enLlrely separaLe and dlsLlncL clvll acLlon for damages and for oLher rellef Such clvll acLlon shall proceed lndependenLly of any crlmlnal prosecuLlon (lf Lhe laLLer be lnsLlLuLed) and maL be proved by a preponderance of evldence 1he lndemnlLy shall lnclude moral damages Lxemplary damages may also be ad[udlcaLed 1he responslblllLy hereln seL forLh ls noL demandable from a [udge unless hls acL or omlsslon consLlLuLes a vlolaLlon of Lhe enal Code or oLher penal sLaLuLe
Art 33 ln cases of defamaLlon fraud and physlcal ln[urles a clvll acLlon for damages enLlrely separaLe and dlsLlncL from Lhe crlmlnal acLlon may be broughL by Lhe ln[ured parLy Such clvll acLlon shall proceed lndependenLly of Lhe crlmlnal prosecuLlon and shall requlre only a preponderance of evldence
Art 34 When a member of a clLy or munlclpal pollce force refuses
cmq|ucero|ob||condumm|es|7 or falls Lo render ald or proLecLlon Lo any person ln case of danger Lo llfe or properLy such peace offlcer shall be prlmarlly llable for damages and Lhe clLy or munlclpallLy shall be subsldlarlly responslble Lherefor 1he clvll acLlon hereln recognlzed shall be lndependenL of any crlmlnal proceedlngs and a preponderance of evldence shall sufflce Lo supporL such acLlon
Art 2176 Whoever by acL or omlsslon causes damage Lo anoLher Lhere belng faulL or negllgence ls obllged Lo pay for Lhe damage done Such faulL or negllgence lf Lhere ls no preexlsLlng conLracLual relaLlons beLween Lhe parLles ls called a quasldellcL and ls governed by Lhe provlslons of Lhls ChapLer on quasldellcLs