Miss Antri Hasnaa

Obligation, prohibition, no obligation, deduction

A) Presentation :
Examples :
1) Students must always wear their pinafore in class
2) Students mustn’t leave the classroom without permission
3) A: I failed in three of my exams
B: Your parents must be angry with you
4) You don’t need to hurry, the bell didn’t ring yet.
5) We revised our lessons well. The exam can’t be hard for us.
6) You can’t eat gum in the classroom
 Fill in the table below with the right modals:

Function Modals
Obligation ………………………………………………..

Prohibition …………………………………………………
..

Absence of obligation …………………………………………………

Deduction ………………….. …………………………..

Note:
We use deduction to speak about something we are not absolutely sure of, but are guessing or assuming it
happened or will happen according to the situation.

B) Practice:
Task1: Fill in the gaps with the right modal then say what each sentence expresses.

1. She isn’t answering the phone. She……… out. (……)

2. We ….. forget to take the chicken out of the freezer. (….)
3. If you’re under 13, you ….. get your parents’ permission. (…)
4. You….. come to the meeting but it would help us if you’re there. (…)
5. Didn’t they tell you that you … come into this area? It’s restricted to staff only. (…)
6. She …. wait in line like everyone else. (…)
7. He … very far from here because he left the house a while ago. (…)

C) Production :
Task:
Write at least one sentence expressing the functions seen above
Miss Antri Hasnaa
Key:

Function Modals

Obligation Must/ have to

Prohibition Mustn’t/ can’t

Absence of obligation Don’t have to/ don’t

need to/ needn’t

Deduction Must be , can’t be

Task1:
1.must be (deduction)
2. mustn’t (prohibition)
3. must (obligation)
4. Needn’t (no obligation)
5. Can’t (prohibition)
6. Has to (obligation)
7. Can’t be (deduction)

Task2:
Learners’ answers