General Studies and

Communication Skills

021 NATIONAL EXAMINATION AND

SCHOOL INSPECTION
AUTHORITY

01/ 08/2023 08:30 AM – 11:30 AM

ADVANCED LEVEL NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS, 2O22-2023

SUBJECT: GENERAL STUDIES AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS

COMBINATIONS:
- ALL SCIENCE COMBINATIONS
- ALL HUMANITIES COMBINATIONS
- ALL LANGUAGES COMBINATIONS

MARKS: 100 marks

DURATION: 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS:
1) Write your names and index number on the answer booklet as they appear on
your registration form and DO NOT write your names and index number on
additional answer sheets if provided.

2) Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.

3) This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B and C

SECTION A: Attempt ALL questions. (25 marks)

SECTION B: Attempt only TWO questions. (50 marks)

SECTION C: Attempt only ONE question. (25 marks)

4) You must answer in clear continuous prose.

5) Use only a blue or black pen.

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SECTION A: ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION (25 marks)

1) a) What is EJOHEZA? (2 marks)

b) Give the main objective of EJOHEZA. (3 marks)
2) a) Define the term fine art. (2 marks)
b) List any 3 examples of fine arts in Rwanda. (3 marks)

3) List any 5 activities through which national service is carried out in Rwanda.
(5 marks)
4) a) What do you understand by the term inclusive education ? (2 marks)

b) In your school, identify any 3 evidences of inclusiveness. (3 marks)

5) a) What is Gender Based Violence (GBV) ? (2 marks)
b) With examples, identify 3 forms of gender based violence that
children undergo. (3 marks)

SECTION B: ATTEMPT ONLY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION (50 marks)

6) Examine the advantages and disadvantages of general election in Rwanda.

(25 marks)

7) ABCD district in Rwanda wishes to recruit 21 Socio- Economic development

Officers. The requirements for the interested candidates include A2 professional
certificate in the following fields: Education, Agriculture and Humanities. The
applicants must have atleast 1 year of experience working in local government.
You can find the other details of the job on the official website of ABCD district
and on https://www.greatrwandajobs.com. The interested candidates are
requested to submit their detailed Curriculum vitae on the official website of
ABCD district not later than July 11, 2023(17:00).

Write a detailed Curriculum vitae to be uploaded on to the above website as

requested while applying for that position.

Note: - Don’t use your real names

- Don’t use your real schools (25 marks)

8) Explain why conflicts arise in the society. (25 marks)

9) Assess the value of international financial institutions in the world.(25 marks)

10) Explain the impact of farming practices on the environment in our country.
(25 marks)

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SECTION C: ATTEMPT ONLY ONE QUESTION IN THIS SECTION (25 marks)

11) The table below shows the value of output in Transport in Kenya between
2002-2003. (Value in kshs. Millions)

Mode of Transport 2002 2003

Road 36,100 38,200
Railway 5,805 6,650
Shipping 9,550 9,820
Air 27,500 32,470

a) Using a scale of 1CM to represent Kenya shilling Five Million,

draw a comparative bar graph to represent the data. (8 marks)
b) Calculate the percentage increase in Air transport. (2 marks)
c) Examine the major challenges relating to the development of
road transport infrastructure in Rwanda. (10 marks)
d) State any five contributions made by transport to the economic
development of your country. (5 marks)

12) Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Jay Tee, 30, has been a drug addict since he was a teenager. He has tried to
kick the habit many times; going in and out of rehabilitation centers. He
managed to stay clean for a month before suffering a relapse. There are many
drug addicts like Jay Tee. Why are they into it in the first place? It doesn't
matter if you are white or black or Asian or Latin, every race has their share of
drug abuse problems.

Some people say that it is due to the perception of drugs being "bad and illegal"
and therefore something so irresistible that you just have to try it. Somehow,
teenagers are more curious to discover the "forbidden fruit". Some manage to
kick the habit early but there are many others who are trapped.

For many teenagers, drug abuse is a mere escape. They use drugs to get out of
their misery, pain, confusion and loneliness. Some teenage drug addicts grow
up without guidance from their parents, and so they resort to drugs. Some are
physically or mentally abused and drugs become the only thing that they are
able to count on. Many succumb to drug addiction because of the need to feel
like they belong. They try drugs to please their friends or to be part of a group.
Many teenage drug abusers are also low achievers in schools and have low self-
esteem.

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 There are also teenagers who claim that they were first exposed to different
kinds of drugs at parties and discos. These drugs were distributed freely the
first few times and they kept coming back for more. As a result, many of them
became addicted even before they knew it. In certain cases, these teenagers
might resort to committing crimes to support their expensive habit.

One effective tool in the fight against teen drug abuse is communication.
Troubled teens need some form of outlet from the problems or depression they
are facing. Parents should take time out from their busy schedules to spend
time with their children and listen to their problems. Communication, however,
should go beyond words. Parents should show their children that they really
care. Adequate parental supervision has also been found to be a deterrent to
drug use in youth. Parents should know who their children's friends are and
what is going on in their social lives. School counselors should also play an
active role in providing information on drug abuse and also provide emotional
support.

One common belief is that drug abusers should be able to stop taking drugs if
only they are willing to change their behavior. However, drug addiction is a
disease that affects the brain and because of that, stopping drug abuse is not
simply a matter of willpower. Drug abuse can affect a person's self-control and
ability to make sound decisions, and at the same time send intense impulses to
take drugs. Through scientific advances, we now know that the abuse of drugs
leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain and at the same
time, we also know that drug addiction can be successfully treated to help
people get over their addiction and resume productive lives.

At the end of the day, the best way to prevent drug addiction is by educating
teenagers about it. The more they learn about the bad effects, the less their
excuses to take it. This may even dissuade them from using it.

Questions on the passage

a) Who does 'they' refer to ? (1 mark)
b) i) What are teenage drug abusers escaping from? (2 marks)
ii) Give two other reasons for drug abuse among teenagers. (2 marks)
iii) Give two characteristics of teenage drug abusers. (2 marks)
c) Name one way in which parents could help their troubled children.(1 mark)
d) Explain the following phrases/concepts as used in the passage:
i) Relapse
ii) Forbidden fruit
iii) Trapped
iv) Deterrent
v) Troubled teens (5 marks)
e) In your own words, explain why stopping drug abuse is not simply
a matter of willpower. (2 marks)
f) Explain any five effects of drug abuse among the youth in your
country. (10 marks)

END

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