IS 800-2007
2.1.1 A 300 ISF 8 mm of grade E 250 is used as a
tension member in a lattice girder. It is connected
to a 12 mm thick gusset plate by 18 mm diameter
bolts of grade 4.6. Calculate the effective net area
of the member, if
(a) chain bolting is done as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.1
(a)
(b) zig-zag bolting is done as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.1
(b)
2.1.2 For E 250 grade of steel; fu = 410 MPa, fy =
250 MPa
Diameter of bolt, d= 18 mm Diameter of hole, dh =
20 mm
(a) In chain bolting , the critical section will be 1-1.
Net area, An = (B - n*dh)t = (300 - 4x20) × 8 =
1760 mm²
Hence effective net area = 1760 mm².
(b) In zig-zag bolting , the section may fail along
(1) - (2) - (3)-(4), (1) (2) (5) (6) (7),
(1)-(2)-(5)-(3)-(4), or (1) - (2) - (5) - (8) - (9) - (10).
The effective net area at all the possible sections is
calculated and the one that comes out to be
minimum is considered to be critical. Effective net
area along section:
(1)(2)(3)(4); n=2
Net area, An = (B - n*dh)t = (300 - 2x20)
x 8 = 2080 mm²
(1) (2) (5) (6) (7); n = 3, n' = 1, p = 65 mm, g= 75
mm,
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t =
= (300 - 3 * 20 + (1 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8 =
2032.66mm ^ 2 .
(1)-(2)-(5)-(3) - (4); n = 3, n' = 2, p = 65 mm, g = 75
mm
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t
= (300 - 3 * 20 + (2 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8 =
2145.33mm ^ 2 .
(1)-(2)-(5)- (8) - (9) - (10); n = 4, n' = 3, p = 65 mm, g
= 75 mm
Net area, An= (B - ndh + n' * p^2/ 4g)t
= (300 - 4 * 20 + (3 * 65 ^ 2)/(4 * 75)) * 8
= 2098mm ^ 2
4 The minimum net area is at section (1) (2) (5) (6)
(7) and is equal to 2032.66 mm². Hence, the
effective net area is 2032.66 mm².
144
2.1.3 Determine the effective net area for the
section shown in Fig. Ex. 10.2. The angles are
connected as shown in the figure. The steel is of
grade E 250. The bolt holes have been punched.
2.1.4
For E 250 grade of steel: fy = 250 MPa
Diameter of bolt, d = 16 mm Diameter of
bolt hole, dh = 16 + 2 + 2 = 20 mm
Since the bolt holes are punched, the bolt hole
diameter has been increased more by 2 mm than
the hole diameter given in Table 7.3.
(a) Net area of connected leg = ( 100 - 20 - 10/2 )
*10 = 750 mm²
Net area of outstanding leg = (75- 10/2)*10 =
700 mm²
Total net area = 750 + 700 = 1450 mm²
Since only one leg of the angle is connected, the
net area will be reduced depending upon the
number of bolts used for making the connection
[Section 10.4, Eq. (5)]. Further, since three bolts
have been used for making the end connection, a
reduction factor of 0.7 will be used.
Hence, effective net area, A = 0.7 x 1450 = 1015 mm²
(b) Net area of connected leg = (100 - 10/2)x 10 =
950 mm²
Net area of outstanding leg = (75 - 10/2)x 10 =
700 mm²
Total net area = 950 + 700 = 1650 mm²
Since only one leg of the angle is connected, the
net area will be reduced (Section 10.4). For welded
connection, the reduction factor is 0.8. Hence,
effective net area, A = 0.8 x 1650 = 1320 mm²
2.1.5 Compute the tensile strength of an angle
section ISA 150×115×8mm of E 250 grade of steel
connected with the gusset plate as shown in Fig.
Ex. 10.6 for the following cases: (a) gross section
yielding
(b) net section rupture
For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa
Partial safety factors: Ymo = 1.1, Ym1 = 1.25
For ISA 150 x 115 x 8 mm: Gross area, A, = 2058
mm² (From IS Handbook No.1)

(a) Tensile strength due to gross section yielding,
T dg = (Ag x fy) / Уm0 = 2058 x 250 / 1.1 x 10-3 =
467.7 kN
(b) Tensile strength due to net section rupture,
Length of outstanding leg, w = 115 mm
Shear lag width, bs = w = 115 mm
Weld length along the direction of load, L = 140
mm
B=1.4-0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc)<=(fu/fy) x (Y / Y
m1) >=0.7
= 1.4 - 0.076 * 115/8 * 250/410 * 115/140 = 0.85
≥ 0.7
Also , 0.9 * f_{u}/f_{y} * Y m0 / Y m1 =0.9 *
410/250 * 1.1/1.25 = 1.299
Hence, β = 0.85
Net area of connected leg, Anc = (150 - 8/2) x 8 =
1168 mm² 2
Gross area of outstanding leg, Ago = (115 - 8/2) * 8
= 888 * mm ^ 2
T dn = 0.9 Anc f u / Y m1 + β Ago f y / Y m0
= [0.9 * (1168 * 410)/1.25 + 0.85 * (888 * 250)/1.1] * 10
^ - 3 = 516.34kN
2.1.6 A tension member ISLB 250 @ 273.7 N/m is
provided for the bottom of a bolted roof truss. It
is connected with two gusset plates 175 mm wide
and 10 mm thick with two lines of 16 mm diame-
ter bolts in each flange. The end connections are
as shown in Fig. Ex. 10.9. Determine,
(a) The design tensile strength of ISLB section
used.
(b) The design tensile force which the plates can
transfer.
Use E 250 grade of steel.
2.1.7
For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa
For ISLB 250 @ 273.7 N/m, Ag= 3553 mm², tf = 8.2
mm (From IS Handbook No. 1).
For 16 mm diameter bolt: diameter of hole, dh = 18
mm (From Table 7.3)
(a) Design tensile strength of ISLB section:
Design strength due to gross section
yielding,
Tdg =Ag* fy / Ym0 = 3553 * 250/1.1 * 10 ^ -
3 = 807.5kN
145
IS 800-2007
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = 0.9A An * fu/Ym1
An = 3553 - (2 x 2) x 18 x 8.2 = 2962.6 mm²
Tdn = 0.9 x 2962.6 x 410/1.25 x 10-3 = 874.55 kN
The design tensile strength of ISLB 250 @
237.7 N/m will be smaller of Tdg and Tdn and is
807.50 kN.
(b) Design tensile strength of plates:
There are two plates, one on each flange.
Design strength due to gross section yielding,
Tdg = Ag * fy/Ymo = 2 x 175 x 10 x 250/1.1 x
10^-3 = 795.45 kN
Design strength due to net section rupture,
There are two cover plates, one on each flange.
Tdn = 0.9 An fu/Ym1
An = 2(B-ndh) t = 2 x (175 - 2 x 18) x 10 = 2780
mm²
Tdn= 0.9 x 2780 x 410/1.25 x 10^-3 = 820.656 kN
The design tensile strength of the cover plates will
be smaller of Tdg and Tdn and is 795.45 kN.
2.1.8 Determine the tensile capacity of the sections
shown in Fig. Ex. 10.4, if
(a) angles are placed on the opposite sides of
gusset plate (tack bolted)
(b) angles are placed on the same side of gusset
plate (tack bolted)
(c) angles are not tack bolted
For E 250 grade of steel: f = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa
2.1.9
(a) The two angles placed on opposite sides of the
gusset plate: Gross area, A, = 2274 mm² (see Ex.
10.4)
Design strength due to gross section yielding,
T dg = Ag * fy / Ym0 = (2274 * 250)/1.1 * 10 ^ - 3 =
516.82 kN
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = (0.9 * Anc * fu / Yml ) + (β Ago fy
/ Y m0)

The section is double angle section ISA 90 x 60 x 8
mm with long legs connected.
There are six bolts 16 mm diameter at a pitch of
40 mm . Therefore, the distance between end
bolts, L = 5 × 40 = 200 mm
b = w + w1 - t = 60 + 60 - 8 = 112 mm
B=1.4 - 0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc) <= (fu/fy) x (Ymo /
Ym1)
= 1.4 - 0.076 * 60/8 * 250/410 * 112/200 >= 0.7
= 1.205 > 0.7
Also , 0.9 * f_{u}/f_{y} * Ym0 / Ym1 = 0.9 *
410/250 * 1.1/1.25 = 1.299
Hence β = 1.205
Net area of connected legs, Anc = 2[(90 - 18 - 8/2)
* 8] = 1088 mm²
Gross area of outstanding legs, Ago = 2 x [(60 -
8/2) * 8] = 896 m m ^ 2
Tdn =[ (0.9 x 1088 x 410)/1.25 + (1.205 x 896 x
250)/1.1 ] * 10^-3 = 566.56 kN
Block shear strength,
Avg = (5 x 40 + 30) × 8 = 1840 mm2
Aνη = [5x40+30 - (6- 1/2)x18]*8 = 1048 mm²
A tg = 30 x 8 = 240 mm²
Am = (30- ½ X 18) x 8 = 168 mm²
Tdbl = Avg fy / √3 Ymo + 0.9 Atn fu / Yml
=[ (1840 x 250 / √3 x 1.1) + (0.9 x 168 x 410/1.25) ]X
10-3 = 291.03 kN
T db2 = (0.9Avn* fu / √3Ym1) + (Atg fy / Ymo)
= [(0.9 * 1048 * 410)/(sqrt(3) * 1.25) + (240 * 250)/1.1]
x 10-3 = 233.15 kN
The minimum of Tdbi and Tdb2 will be the block
shear strength of one angle section. Since the
member is of double angle section, the block shear
strength of the member will be,
Tdb = 2 × 233.15 = 466.30 kN
The design capacity Td of the member will be
least of Tdg, Tdn and Tdb Hence, the design
capacity of the member, Td = 466.30 kN.
146
IS 800-2007
(b) The code of practice, IS 800:2007 makes no
difference in the calculations for effective net
area of angles placed on opposite sides or on the
same side of gusset plate. Therefore, the design
tensile capacity of the double angle section on the
same side of gusset plate will also be same as
above in (a). Hence, Td = 466.30 kN.
(c) As per specifications of IS 800:2007, the
effective net area of the sections are independent
of whether the sections are tacked or not. Hence,
in both the above cases (a) and (b), the design
tensile capacity will be same (466.30 kN) irrespec-
tive of whether the sections are tack bolted or not.
Example 10.10 Determine the tensile capacity of
the sections shown in Fig. Ex. 10.4, if
(a) angles are placed on the opposite sides of
gusset plate (tack bolted)
(b) angles are placed on the same side of gusset
plate (tack bolted)
(c) angles are not tack bolted
For E 250 grade of steel: f = 410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa
(a) The two angles placed on opposite sides of the
gusset plate: Gross area, A, = 2274 mm² (see Ex.
10.4)
Design strength due to gross section yielding,
T dg = Ag * fy / Ym0 = (2274 * 250)/1.1 * 10 ^ - 3 =
516.82 kN
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = (0.9 * Anc * fu / Yml ) + (β Ago fy
/ Y m0)
The section is double angle section ISA 90 x 60 x 8
mm with long legs connected.
There are six bolts 16 mm diameter at a pitch of
40 mm . Therefore, the distance between end
bolts, L = 5 × 40 = 200 mm
b = w + w1 - t = 60 + 60 - 8 = 112 mm
B=1.4 - 0.076(w/t)(fy/fu)(bs/Lc) <= (fu/fy) x (Ymo /
Ym1)
= 1.4 - 0.076 * 60/8 * 250/410 * 112/200 >= 0.7
= 1.205 > 0.7
Also , 0.9 * f_{u}/f_{y} * Ym0 / Ym1 = 0.9 *
410/250 * 1.1/1.25 = 1.299
Hence β = 1.205

Net area of connected legs, Anc = 2[(90 - 18 - 8/2)
* 8] = 1088 mm²
Gross area of outstanding legs, Ago = 2 x [(60 -
8/2) * 8] = 896 m m ^ 2
Tdn =[ (0.9 x 1088 x 410)/1.25 + (1.205 x 896 x
250)/1.1 ] * 10^-3 = 566.56 kN
Block shear strength,
Avg = (5 x 40 + 30) × 8 = 1840 mm2
Aνη = [5x40+30 - (6- 1/2)x18]*8 = 1048 mm²
A tg = 30 x 8 = 240 mm²
Am = (30- ½ X 18) x 8 = 168 mm²
Tdbl = Avg fy / √3 Ymo + 0.9 Atn fu / Yml
=[ (1840 x 250 / √3 x 1.1) + (0.9 x 168 x 410/1.25) ]X
10-3 = 291.03 kN
T db2 = (0.9Avn* fu / √3Ym1) + (Atg fy / Ymo)
= [(0.9 * 1048 * 410)/(sqrt(3) * 1.25) + (240 * 250)/1.1]
x 10-3 = 233.15 kN
The minimum of Tdbi and Tdb2 will be the block
shear strength of one angle section. Since the
member is of double angle section, the block shear
strength of the member will be,
Tdb = 2 × 233.15 = 466.30 kN
The design capacity Td of the member will be
least of Tdg, Tdn and Tdb Hence, the design
capacity of the member, Td = 466.30 kN.
(b) The code of practice, IS 800:2007 makes no
difference in the calculations for effective net
area of angles placed on opposite sides or on the
same side of gusset plate. Therefore, the design
tensile capacity of the double angle section on the
same side of gusset plate will also be same as
above in (a). Hence, Td = 466.30 kN.
(c) As per specifications of IS 800:2007, the
effective net area of the sections are independent
of whether the sections are tacked or not. Hence,
in both the above cases (a) and (b), the design
tensile capacity will be same (466.30 kN) irrespec-
tive of whether the sections are tack bolted or not.
147
IS 800-2007
2.2.1 Design a splice for joining tension member
sections 160 x 10 mm and 250 x 14 mm. The
member is subjected to a factored tensile load of
300 kN. Assume E 250 grade of steel. Provide 20
mm diameter bolts of grade 4.6 for
2.2.2
For E 250 grade of steel:
For bolts of grade 4.6: fu = 410 MPa, fy = 250 MPa
fub = 400 MPa
Diameter of bolt-hole,
dh = 22 mm
(From Table 7.3)
Splice plate will be provided one on each side of
the tension member section. A suitable arrange-
ment of bolts designed is made which will decide
the length of the splice plate. The width of splice
plate will equal the width of the main plate, and
then thickness can be calculated.
Design tensile strength of the member
Design strength due to gross section yielding,
Tdg = Ag*fy/Ym0 = (160 x 10) × 250/1.1 x 10-3
363.63 kN
(The strength of smaller section 160 mm x 10 mm
will govern).
Design strength due to net section rupture,
Tdn = 0.9 An *fu /Ym1
Assuming the section to be weakened by one bolt
hole (since the number and arrangement of bolts
is not still known).
A_{n} = (b - d_{h}) * t = (160 - 22) * 10 = 1380
mm^2
Tdn = 0.9 x 1380 × 410/1.25 x 10-3 = 407.37
kN
Hence, the design tensile strength of the member
is 363.63 kN. The splice connection for tension
members are designed for 0.3 x 363.63 = 109 kN or
the factored tensile load (the design action) of 300
kN whichever is more. Since the two sections are
of different thicknesses, packing will be required.
Thickness of packing, tpkg = 14-10 = 4 mm
< 6 mm
Further since thickness of packing plate is less
than 6 mm, reduction in shear strength of bolts
will not be required.
The bolts will be in double shear and bearing. For
20 mm diameter bolt: Ab = 245 mm² nb Strength
of bolt in double shear,

Vdsb = 2 x Anb*fub/√3 Ymb = 2 x 245 x 400/√3 x
1.25 × 10-3
=90.52kN
Strength of bolt in bearing,
Vdpb = 2.5 kb dt * fu / Ymb = 2.5 x 1 x 20
x 10 x 410 1.25 × 10-3
=164 kN
(Assuming k1 = 1 and aggregate thickness of splice
plates to be more than the minimum thickness of
sections (10 mm and 14 mm to be spliced) Hence,
strength of the bolt = 90.52 kN
Hence, strength of the bolt = 90.52 kN
Number of bolts required, n = design force /
strength of bolt
= 300 /90.52 = 3.31 = 5
Provide 5, 20 mm bolts and arrange them as
shown in Fig. Ex. 10.13. Size of splice plate
Width of the splice plate = width of main plate =
160 mm
The critical section for main plate will be 1-1 and
that for splice plate will be
2-2.
For the thickness of splice plate, equate the design
action at Section 2-2 to the design tensile strength.
Let thickness of splice plate be tsp.
300 = 0.9 A * fu /Yml = 0.9 × (160 - 2 x 22) x 2tsp *
410 /1.25 × 10-3
tsp = 4.38 mm = 6 mm
The aggregate thickness of the splice plates should
not be less than the maximum thick main connect-
ed plate. Hence, provide 8 mm thick splice plates.
Let us provide bolts at a pitch of 2.5 x 20 = 50 mm.
Edge distance for 20 mm bolt = 33 mm 35 mm
Length of splice plate = 4 x (50 + 35) = 340 mm
Hence, provide two splice plates 340 x 160 x 8 mm,
one on each side of the main plates as shown in
Fig. Ex. 10.13.
2.2.3 Design a 10 m long tension member subjected
to a factored tensile load of 2000 kN (due to
gravity loads). The section should consist of 2
channels facing each other. The rolled channels
ISMC 300 @ 358 N/m only are available. Assuming
each channel to be weakened by one bolt hole only
to achieve maximum net area, check the adequacy
of the section. Design also plates on flanges if
required. Use E 250 grade of steel. The bolts to be
used are of grade 4.6 and of 16 mm diameter.
2..2.4 For E 250 grade of steel: fu = 410 MPa, fy =
250 MPa
Diameter of bolt-hole, dh = 18 mm (From Table 7.3)
148
IS 800-2007
From IS Handbook No.1, the relevant properties of
ISMC 300 @ 358 N/m are, Ag = 4564 mm², Iz =
6362 .6 × 10^4 mm², Iy = 310.8 x 10^4 mm², tf = 13.6
mm, tw = 7.6 mm, hz = 118.1 mm, Cyy = 23.6 mm, g
= 50 mm, bf = 90 mm
T = 2000 kN = 2000 x 103 N
L = 10 m = 10 x 10³ mm
For trial section; Gross area required,
Ag = T Ymo / fy = 2000 × 10^3 × 1.1 /
250 = 8800 mm²
Net area required,
A n = TYml / 0.8 fu = 2000 × 10^3 × 1.25
/ 0.8 x 410 = 7621.95 mm²
Net area provided = gross area - area of bolt-hole -
½ web area
= 2 x 4564 - 2 x 18 x 13.6 - ½ x [2 x (300-2 × 13.6)
× 7.6]
= 6565.12 mm² < 7621.95 mm²
which is unsafe.
Hence, additional cover plates will be provided to
satisfy the requirement of balance area.
Net area to be furnished by plate = 7621.95 -
6565.12 = 1056.83 mm²
Let us try additional flange cover plate 200 mm x
6 mm providing a gross area equal to 1200 mm².
Net area provided by plate (200 – 18) x 6 = 1092
mm² > 1056.83 mm² which is all right.
Iy = 2[310.8 * 10 ^ 4 + 4564 * (100 - 23.6) ^ 2] + 6 *
(200 ^ 3)/12 = 6349.57 * 10 ^ 4 * mm ^ 4
Y bar = (2 * 4564(300/2 + 6) + 200 * 6 * 6/2)/(2 *
4564 + 200 * 6) = 138.22mm .
Iz = 2 * 6362.6 * 10 ^ 4 + (200 * 6^3)/12 + (200 * 6)
* (138.22 - 6/2) ^ 2 + 2 * 4564 * (156 - 138.22) ^ 2
= 15208.25 × 104 mm² 4
Ag = 2 x 4564 + 200 x 6 = 10328 mm²
Since Iy < Iz , hence ry is critical
ry = √((6349.57 * 10 ^ 4)/10328) = 78.4mm
Slenderness ratio = 10x10^3/ 78.4 = 127.55 < 180
Net area provided= 2x4564 + 200x6 - 2x18x13.6 -
1×18×6 - 1/2*[2(300 - 2 * 13.6) * 7.6]
= 7657.12 > 7621.95 mm²

Provide 2, channels face to face at spacing of 200
mm
Design of tie plate The plates will be provided at
the ends of the member.
Effective depth of tie plate = 200 - 2 x 23.6 = 152.8
mm
Overall depth = 152.8 + 2 x 35 = 222.8 mm = 230
mm (Assuming edge distance 35 mm )
Length of tie plate = spacing of channels = 200 mm
Thickness of tie plate = 1/50 x (200 - 2 x 50) = 2
mm !< 6 mm.
Hence, provide tie plates of size 230 mm x 200
mm x 6 mm, at the two ends of the member.
2.2.5 A diagonal member of a roof truss carries a
maximum pull of 300 kN. Design the section and
its connection with a 16 mm thick gusset plate.
The length of the connection is limited to 340 mm.
Design the lug angles also if required. The steel is
of grade E 250 and bolts of grade 4.6 are to be
used.
2.2.6
For E 250 grade of steel: fu =410 MPa, fy = 250
MPa
Factored design tensile force, T = 1.5 x 300 = 450
kN
Required net area, An = T*Yml /0.8 fu = 450 x
1000 x 1.25 / 0.8 x 410 = 1714.93 mm²
Gross area required, Ag = 1.25 x 1714.93 = 2143.6
mm²
Let us try ISA 150 x 75 x 10 mm angle section.
(From IS Handbook No.1)
Ag = 2156 mm², r = 15.9 mm
Let us provide 20 mm diameter bolts.
Net tensile stress area of bolt: Anb = 245 mm²
Diameter of hole, dh = d + 2 = 22 mm
Connection of diagonal member with gusset plate :
Strength of bolt in single shear,
V dsb = Anb* fub / √3 Ymb = (245 x
400 / √3 x 1.25) x 10^-3 = 45.26 kN
Number of bolts required n1 = 450 / 45.26 = 9.94 =
10
Let us provide 10, 20 mm diameter bolts at a pitch
of 50 mm and edge distance of 40 mm.
Length of gusset plate required for making
connection = 9 x 50 + 2 x 40
= 530 mm > 340 mm
149
IS 800-2007
Hence, lug angle will be required.
Provide 6 bolts for connecting main angle leg with
gusset plate and 4 bolts for connecting lug angle
leg with gusset plate.
The bolts have been staggered on the two legs of
the angle.
Length of gusset plate required. = 5 x 50 + 2 x 40 =
330 mm < 340 mm
which is all right
Net area along section 1-2-3, An1 = (215 - 22) × 10 =
1930 mm²
Net area along section 1-4-2-3, An2 = ( 215 - 2 x 22
+ 1x252 / 4x95) X 10
= 1726.44 mm² > 1714.93 mm²
which is all right
The rupture strength of the section.
T dn = 0.9*An*fu / Yml = 0.9 x 1726.44 x 410/1.25 ×
10^-3
= 509.64 kN > 450 kN
Since both the legs of the angles are connected no
reduction of net area is required due to shear lag
effect.
Design of Lug Angle
Gross area of connected leg of main angle = (150 -
10/2)*10 = 1450 mm²
Gross area of outstanding leg of main angle = (75 -
10/2) x 10 = 700 mm²
Load shared by outstanding leg of main angle =
700 / (1450+700) x 450 = 146.5 kN
Design load for lug angle, T1 = 1.2 x 146.5 = 175.8 kN
Required net area of lug angle,
An2 = T1 Yml / 0.8fu = 175.8 x 1000 x 1.25 / 0.8 x
410 = 669.96 mm²
Let us try ISA 150 x 75 x 8 mm section for lug
angle with 150 mm leg connected to the gusset
plate.
Section 1-2-3: An1 = (217 - 22) × 8 = 1560 mm²
Section 1-2-4-5: An2 = (217 - 2*22 + 1*25*25/(4 *
97)) * 8 .= 1396.88 mm²
Net area provided,A = 1396.88 mm² > 669.96 mm² ,
which is all right.
Number of bolts required to connect lug angle to
gusset plate. n1 =175.8 / 45.26 = 3.88 = 4
Number of bolts required to connect outstanding
leg of the main angle and the lug angle:
n2 = (1.4 * 146.5)/45.26 =4.53 = 5
Provide 5 bolts of 20 mm diameter to connect
outstanding legs of the two angles .