Distribution and Consumer Service

Topics to be covered
Directorate
at a
Glance, |Distribution and Consumer Service Directorate
|Distribution Systems
Loss, Efficiency, Construction
|Electricity Losses and Energy Efficiency
Standards and Safety Measures
|Construction Standards
Presented By
Birendra Kumar Jha |Safety Measurements of Distribution Line and Substations
Assistant Manager
(Planning and Technical Service Directorate)
NEA

Distribution and Consumer Service Directorate

Operation and Management Structure Distribution Centers Structures

Distribution
Centre

Technical Account Administration

Section Section Section
Distribution and Consumer Services Distribution and Consumer Services

Technical
Account
Section Section

New Operation General Meter

No-Light Revenue Store
Consumer and Accountancy Reading
Services
Services Maintenance

Power System Network:

Distribution and Consumer Services Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Load

| Power System
Administration
Section Consists of:
Generator;
Transmission Line;
Procurement Distribution Line; and
General Operation
( Direct, Sealed Consumer Record
Administration (Vehicle and Loads.
Quotation, Tender Keeping (Lagat)
(Public Relation, misc.)
etc.)
Letters registration,
dispatch and overall
office management)
 Distribution System Voltage Level…
Distribution Systems …contd. Continued
| Distribution System Starts with 33 kV Voltage Level
There are 33/11 kV Substations.
The power transformers of the substations lowers the voltage to 11 kV.
Widely used sizes of 33/11 kV Power Transformers are:
1.5 MVA, 3 MVA, 6/8 MVA, 10 /12 MVA, 13.3/16.6 MVA etc.
• 33 kV Voltage Level • 11 kV Voltage • 400V :
| Distribution Transformer further reduces the 11 kV voltage level to working voltage level
• 33/11 kV Substation Level Three Phase
i.e.
• 33/11 kV Power • 11/0.400/0.230
Transformer
• 230 V
400V and 230V. kV Distribution Single Phase
Widely used sizes of 11/.4/.23 kV Distribution Transformers are: Transformers • To the end
25kVA, 50 kVA, 100 kVA, 200 kVA, 300 kVA etc. in 3-phase
consumers
15 and 25 kVA in 1-Phase
Working Voltage

Line to Line Voltage or three Phase Supply: 400V : Mostly Industrial Consumers Distribution Voltage

Transmission Voltage
Line to Neutral or Single Phase Supply: 230V: Mostly Domestic Consumers
Note: As per the power requirement of the industry we also supply the industrial consumers from 11kV, 33kV and 66 kV
Supply systems.

Losses and Energy Efficiency Losses and Energy Efficiency

| Losses
Technical Losses
Voltage Level
Net System Loss of Integrated Nepalese Power System (INPS):
Size of conductors,
size of transformers, F/Y 2013: 25.11%
location of transformers, F/Y 2014: 24.79%
length of feeder,
Decrease: 0.32 (1.27% with respect to F/Y 2013)
loose connection of jumper,
inappropriate conductor size for jumpering
Jumpering without PG Clamps, Cable connectors etc. Current loss of DCS Only:
Upto Asoj 2071: 18.70%
Non-technical Losses
Hooking,
Tampering of meter,
Wrong meter connection (TOD),
Outages of CT and PT, etc.
Losses and Energy Efficiency Losses and Energy Efficiency

Net System Loss of Integrated Nepalese Power System (INPS):

F/Y 2013: 25.11%
F/Y 2014: 24.79% Efficiency:

Decrease: 0.32 (1.27% with respect to F/Y 2013)

The efficiency of

Current loss of DCS Only: LED>CFL>Incandescent Bulb

Upto Asoj 2071: 18.70%

Comparison among Incandescent, CFL

and LED lamps… Energy Efficient Electrical Appliances

| Always ask for efficient electrical appliances

| Star rating shows the efficiency of an appliances
| Higher the star, more efficient the appliances
| Grading from 1-star to 5-star

|* least efficient
|***** the most efficient

Role of Load Dispatching Centre (LDC)
in Reduction of Technical Loss
| LDC is basically a system operator
| It gets the overall data regarding Generation and Load via
communication systems (mostly optical fiber)
| Always watch for Generation and Load balance
| According to the generation, network congestion and load pattern it
takes the decision about which generator have to generate how much
energy. Which route will be the most economical route to transmit the
generated power. How much load have to curtail to meet the
generation demand and so on.
| RTU, Optical fiber connection from most of the grid substations to Load
Dispatching Centre.
Projects being implemented by DCSD for
loss reduction and energy efficiency
(Technical Loss Reduction)
| CFL Implementation Project (funded by ADB)
| Kathmandu Valley Distribution System Strengthening Project
(funded by WORLD BANK)
| Kathmandu Valley, Birgunj-Simara Corridor Distribution System
Rehabilitation and Loss Reduction Project (ADB)
| Expanded Electricity Project (funded by ADB)
| Capacitor Bank Installation (funded by GoN)
| 1st to 8th Power Projects during different times (funded by ADB/WB)

Steps taken for reduction of non-technical

Construction Standards
losses
| The standards that must be followed for quality and safer construction of line and
| Direct Hooking Removal substations.
| It applies for
| Inspection of TOD Meter as per bylaws (Electricity Distribution Bylaw) Materials as well as for Installation
Every 3-3 months (for consumers having approved load >=200 kVA) | In the case of Distribution System, we have specific guidelines for the material and
Every 6-6 months (for consumers having approved load <200 and >=25 kVA) construction/Installation of
33kV Transmission Line,
| TOD meters cross connection check, data download, analysis and
33/11 kV Substations,
Correction, and billing by central loss reduction division
11kV Distribution Line,
| Replacement of bare conductor by ABC Cables Transformers,
| Resealing, cross meter reading check by local distribution centres 400/230V Distribution Line,
Meter and Metering Equipments, and
Construction/Installation.
Construction Standards …contd. Construction Standards …contd.

|Sag and clearances of conductors

|Street lighting

Construction Standard Drawings

Construction Standard Guidelines

Safety Measurements of
Construction Standards …contd. Distribution Lines and Substations

Safety is a great issue while working with electrical lines/substations.

So, we must have some general ideas regarding the electrical safety.
Priority Order Safety VS Work:

“SAFETY FIRST AND WORK SECOND”

| Effects of Electric Shock
| Safe value of current through human body
| Safety Guidelines related to distribution line and substations (Precautions an Regulations)
| Horizontal/Vertical Clearances of live electrical conductors
| Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
| Electrical Fire and its Fighting Techniques
 Safe value of current through human
Effects of Electric Shock body

| The safe value of current through human body is given by

| Pain at the point of entry and exit
| Contraction of muscles I = 0.116/(√T)
| Loss of muscle control Where,
| Contraction of diaphragm and throat resulting in breathing I is the current through the body in Amperes and
difficulties T is the exposure time in seconds.

| Ventricular fibrillation of heart

Any Current higher than this value can cause serious hazard on human body.
| Death The hazard depends upon the magnitude and duration of current that flows through the
human body.

Safety Guidelines related to Horizontal/Vertical Clearances of live

distribution line and substations electrical conductors
(Precautions an Regulations)
| Always maintain earthing in satisfactory condition (Re<1Ω for substations)
| Make sure that all connections are tight
| Discharge inductive/capacitive circuit before working on them
| DON'T MONKEY WITH ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
| Never touch overhead lines unless you are sure that it is dead and properly earthed
| Never energize a line unless you are sure that no one is working on the line (put holder showing
"MEN AT WORK" at the control panel before working on a distribution system)
| Rubber mats should be placed in front of electrical panels and switchboards
| Always maintain a good ventilation in battery room
| Never tamper with protective or interlocking gears unless you are specially authorized for them
| Always wear helmet, safety belt and gloves while working on electrical lines
| And others….
 Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Electrical Fire and Fighting Techniques

Severe electric shock can cause stoppage of breathing or | Class A Fire: ordinary flammable materials like paper, wood, plastic, fabrique and like
material
heart beat or both. In such case, a persons life may be saved by
CPR. | Class B Fire: Fires in flammable liquid, gases, grease, and similar material
| Class C Fire: Electrical Fires
| Opening of airway: | Class D Fire: Fire in combustible materials like magnesium, sodium, lithium, potassium etc.
Let the victim to lay on his back. Tilt the victim’s head backward.
Place one hand on neck and other on forehead. This extends the neck
And lifts the tongue. Here, Class "C" fire is the matter of interest.
| Mouth to mouth resuscitation: Fire due to short circuit in electrical equipments and insulation failure falls in this category
Mouth to mouth or mouth to nose breathing are applied to resume of fire.
breathing Such fires can be extinguished by the use of CO2 , Baking Soda (NaHCO3), Chemical Powder
| Two rescuer CPR: like Purple-K (PKP) etc
Artificial ventilation and artificial circulation can be done by two or single
Person as per availability.
Note: Don't use water, foam and other conducting liquids on electrical fire.

THANK YOU ! QUESTIONARIES

FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION ?????