Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PDF Teaching Statistics A Bag of Tricks Andrew Gelman Ebook Full Chapter
PDF Teaching Statistics A Bag of Tricks Andrew Gelman Ebook Full Chapter
Andrew Gelman
Visit to download the full and correct content document:
https://textbookfull.com/product/teaching-statistics-a-bag-of-tricks-andrew-gelman/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
https://textbookfull.com/product/teaching-statistics-a-bag-of-
tricks-2nd-edition-andrew-gelman/
https://textbookfull.com/product/regression-and-other-
stories-1st-edition-andrew-gelman/
https://textbookfull.com/product/practical-business-
statistics-7th-edition-andrew-siegel/
https://textbookfull.com/product/interpreting-and-using-
statistics-in-psychological-research-andrew-drew-n-christopher/
The Learning and Teaching of Statistics and
Probability: A Perspective Rooted in Quantitative
Reasoning and Conceptual Coherence 1st Edition Saldanha
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-learning-and-teaching-of-
statistics-and-probability-a-perspective-rooted-in-quantitative-
reasoning-and-conceptual-coherence-1st-edition-saldanha/
https://textbookfull.com/product/a-practical-guide-to-teaching-
computing-and-ict-in-the-secondary-school-2nd-edition-andrew-
connell/
https://textbookfull.com/product/mathematical-statistics-
borovkov-a-a/
https://textbookfull.com/product/the-medicine-bag-shamanic-
rituals-ceremonies-for-personal-transformation-don-jose-ruiz/
https://textbookfull.com/product/statistics-for-technology-a-
course-in-applied-statistics-third-edition-chatfield/
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Highness will consign them either to the tender mercies of the
executioners, or the bastinado of the farrashes, or even perhaps
immediate liberty.
Many servants, with their masters’ pipes of gold or silver, and
dressed sumptuously, if domestics of the wealthy, smoke or chatter.
A knot of thin and forbidding-looking priests, of sourest looks, some
wearing the blue turban (marking the supposed descendant of the
prophet, or Syud), take as a right, hardly acknowledging it, the salute
of each passer-by, and favour me, an unbeliever, with ferocious
sneers, drawing back their flowing garments to avoid contact, an
action which I resent by doing likewise. Here the curtain is raised,
and the greatest man in Ispahan (I speak of some years ago), whose
word to the priests and mob can give endless trouble to the king—
the “Imām-i-Jūma,” or high priest, and head of the law, for he was
both—appears, followed by two other priests of high rank. His turban
is dark blue, almost black; all bend and salaam to him. I stop to give
him a military salute. He is an old patient of mine; he smiles and
speaks in a stage whisper, saying to the other priests what a very
superior unbeliever I am. I hurry on, and, passing through many
passages, come to my dispensary over the jail.
Three hours are occupied in seeing patients, then back through
the ruined bazaar, “Bazaarcha baland,” a lofty but empty arcade of
shops, having a second story above them, the whole roofed in and
beautifully finished as to the brickwork. Cool and dim, this silent
bazaar opens into the Char Bagh, and I return as I came, in the hot
sun, to breakfast; then siesta, tea, afternoon ride, dinner at eight,
perhaps a rubber, and so the days go on.
Or I have a day in the town, and lunch at my dispensary on bazaar
food—slices of mutton off a sheep roasted whole; brilliān, i. e.
chopped and seasoned meat; pillaws of rice, with various meats;
kabobs, or chopped and seasoned meat roasted on skewers, and
served hot with herbs between two flaps of bread, also hot; a bowl of
sherbet, i. e. syrup and water, with blocks of ice in it; grapes or
apricots as dessert; then my water-pipe is handed to me; the whole
—and the plentiful leavings give my servant and the groom a
substantial breakfast—costing a shilling.
Then, mounting, I visit the calico-printers, and see the elaborate
printing by means of blocks—some of them over three centuries old
—of the curtains for which Ispahan is celebrated, covered with
strange pictures of peacocks, elephants, soldiers, lions, etc., in all
the colours of the rainbow, and fast, too, on a white ground.
Or I sit and chat with the artists on the upper story of the
caravanserai Gulshan, who each in his little room is hard at work on
some bookcover or pencase, or possibly is illustrating a manuscript
copy of Hafiz or Saadi, and chatting with whom I learn a good deal of
the inner side of Persian life. I look over the work of my artist friends,
who do not press me to buy, but who do descant on the falling off in
art in Persia.
Or I take a look at Houssein Khari, who has a factory for false
antiquities. Here I see, among heaps of sham, at times something
real and good; but Houssein Khari does not sell the good things, only
the rubbish. As I go he ironically holds out to me a jade teapot,
requesting me to buy it for one hundred pounds. I see that the age of
bargains is over, and retire.
Or I make a visit to my friends the Baabis. Here, however, I have
to eat such a tremendous breakfast that a siesta is needed, and I
only am allowed to start homewards at six, after pipes and tea have
been taken, and much information extracted from me.
Or a professional visit is made, and I come across bits of Eastern
life in out-of-the-way quarters of the huge and ruined town.
Or I call on the hakim-bashi, or head doctor, my friend, and hear of
his troubles in ruling the Jews, editing his newspaper—for he is the
editor of the Ispahan Gazette—in establishing the new or modern
college, of which he is the head and the prince the patron.
Or I take a long ride through the bazaars, to the disgust of my
servants, who do not care to be seen as an unbeliever’s servants in
the fanatical heart of the city.
Or, riding to the maidān, I look out in the early morning for a cheap
horse, which the brokers offer for sale here each day, and see the
furious riding of the Persian buyer trying his steed. This maidān, or
“place,” is, I think, over a quarter of a mile long by a furlong wide. In
the centre is a small circular brick platform, on which is a high pole,
with projecting pieces for the feet, and a pulley at top. Here criminals
used to be hoisted by the feet, and then allowed, the rope being cut,
to be dashed head foremost to the ground. At the foot of this pole
take place the numerous executions, though the Governor of
Ispahan is not fond of shedding blood.
When the new Mission at Gulhaek was being finished in the time
of the late minister, Mr. Alison, he instructed the builder to make “a
place for a flagstaff,” and a huge pole having been procured, it was
set up, and the architect smilingly presented the work to his
Excellency.
Mr. Alison looked at it and tapped his forehead, and, turning to the
architect, said—
“I think I have seen somewhere something like this” (there was
then an execution pole in Teheran exactly like the one in Ispahan,
but with a higher and larger brick platform).
“Yes, yes,” replied the smiling Persian, of course, “the Dar”
(execution pole). “I have tried to copy it exactly; very imposing, is it
not? Strikes the eye at once.”
No praise came. His Excellency turned away, and the pole was
earthed up over the brickwork, leaving an ornamental mound, now
covered with shrubs and roses.
The ordinary way of execution is by throat-cutting; the victim, clad
in shirt and drawers only, is led into the square; unless a celebrated
criminal, only a few loafers crowd round; a pipe is smoked by the
culprit, and he is told to kneel; he does so, and the executioner,
coming behind him, cuts his throat with a short curved knife. As a
rule the body lies where it falls, and the relatives, on payment of a
small fee to the executioner, are allowed to remove it next morning.
Blowing from a gun is a common form of death when it is wished to
strike terror into the hearts of evil-doers; I have known it done once
at Ispahan, the criminal being a Khan accused of rebellion. This man
had been some months in prison under sentence of death; day by
day he found means to bribe the minister and the Governor, and his
execution was delayed; at length his funds being exhausted he was
actually brought out into the maidān, and the cannon loaded in his
presence; but he had still a little money left, which he paid, or rather
his friends did, and he was taken back to prison; this was his last
penny; the next day he was blown from a gun.
Just after my arrival in Teheran a notorious female dancer of
considerable personal attractions, and only seventeen years of age,
was brought before the queen-mother, who was celebrated for her
intrigues, charged with visiting the houses of Europeans. The girl did
not deny her crime, and, feeling her danger, became desperate,
reviling the queen-mother, and saying that they were fellow-sinners.
The queen-mother immediately obtained an order for the girl’s death,
and caused her, to be first handed over to her own servants’
mercies, and then to be rolled in a carpet and jumped on by the
farrashes till she was dead.
In the Governorship of the Zil-es-Sultan at Shiraz curiosity took
me, with some of the rest of the telegraph staff, to see two men
blown from guns; the roof of the doorway of the telegraph-office
commanded the maidān, or square.
One man was led out and blown from a gun; a second was then
brought forward, and they prepared to lash him to another gun; but
as he was very short, a good deal of time was lost in getting some
bricks, which were piled in a heap for him to stand on; he was then
lashed to the gun, the executioner advanced with a port fire, the
priming fizzled, but the gun did not go off—they had forgotten to load
it; the man was unbound, the artillerymen went for more powder. I
ran across the square to try and beg him off from the prince, being at
that time in high favour. He kept me chatting, and in the meantime I
heard the report of the gun which killed the poor fellow. About this
time a man was blown into the air from a mortar by the Zil-es-
Sultan’s order in the square at Shiraz.
When I was last at Shiraz twenty highway robbers were caught by
the Governor, Khosro Mirza, the king’s uncle; nine escaped death by
bribery, but eleven were walled up alive.
Fourteen hollow pillars, four feet high, built of mud bricks, were
each built around a small hole in the ground, thus leaving a cavity six
feet deep.
One morning we heard that eleven men had been walled up in
them alive; it appeared that three of the fourteen men were
reprieved, that the farrash-bashi (chief carpet-spreader literally), or
principal of the police of the Governor, was ordered to wall up eleven
men, and that, fearing a disturbance, it was done suddenly. At
midnight he, with a force of some two hundred soldiers, four
executioners, and numerous farrashes, marched the eleven highway
robbers in irons some mile and a half through the deserted streets to
a place outside the town where the pillars stood. They were
accompanied by several masons whom they had impressed, and a
donkey-load of plaster of Paris. It seems that the farrash-bashi had
received from the friends of one of the robbers forty pounds (one
thousand kerans) to allow him to escape, so on the road he seized
on a poor porter, intending to wall him up and let the robber go. Day
dawned ere they reached the place, and fortunately for the porter a
crowd assembled; among them were some who recognized him; the
farrash-bashi was forced to let him go, for had he carried out his
intentions Khosro Mirza, the Governor, would not have spared him.
Each robber was placed in a pillar alive, then loose earth was poured
in up to his chest, then a quantity of earth was hurriedly mixed with
the plaster of Paris, water was added, a kind of mortar made, and
the top of each column was plastered over having the man’s head
enclosed in a mass of mortar which, had there been enough plaster,
would have set, at once destroying life. Unfortunately the plaster was
insufficient in quantity, no more was to be had; the mud did not set,
and many of the men were alive and crying for water at the end of
two days. The Governor on hearing this sent the executioner to put
them out of their misery, which he did by opening the top of each
column and cutting their throats. As my wife and I came home from a
ride we passed the columns freshly plastered; this was in 1877.
Just prior to my first arrival in Persia the “Hissam-u-Sultaneh,”
another uncle of the king, had burnt a priest to death for a horrible
crime and murder; the priest was chained to a stake, and the matting
from the mosques piled on him to a great height, the pile of mats
was lighted and burnt freely, but when the mats were consumed the
priest was found groaning, but still alive. The executioner went to the
Hissam-u-Sultaneh, who ordered him to obtain more mats, pour
naphtha on them, and apply a light, which after some hours he did. A
terrible death!
On another occasion a young slave who had shot his master’s son
by accident was “crucified,”[17] lived fifty hours, and was then put out
of his misery. There was no cross—the men are nailed to walls. I
was passing one day the outer wall of the “ark” or citadel of Shiraz; I
saw a small crowd, I rode up, the crowd made way, and I found a
poor fellow, very pale, standing with his face to the wall; a horse-nail
had been driven through each foot, also through each of his hands,
which were extended on the wall, and three more nails had been
driven through his chest into the wall; he groaned occasionally, and I
was informed he had smoked and drunk water offered him by
compassionate bystanders.
He lived thirty hours, and the executioner took him down then, and
put him out of his misery. His crime was that he had stolen a jewelled
horse necklet of the Zil-es-Sultan’s; this in the eyes of Persians is
high treason.
The sentence, however, was not the prince’s, then a mere boy, but
his minister’s. He is now averse to blood, although he is given to
making severe examples to avoid continual executions. With some
Governors there are executions weekly, and this in such a sparsely
populated country as Persia, is even more sad than the occasional
cruel examples made by Khosro Mirza, the late Hissam-u-Sultaneh,
and the Zil-es-Sultan, to avoid continual bloodshed, which I believe
to be the true reason of their occasional great severity; and this
policy is successful, for in their governments crimes of violence are
unusual, their severity being deterrent; and the total of their
executions very much smaller than that of the so-called merciful
Governors. In justice to these three Governors this must be allowed,
that the cruelty is much more apparent than real.
It is to be noticed that executions are not nearly so frequent now,
as on my first experiences of Persia.
CHAPTER XIX.
MY JOURNEY HOME AND MARCH TO SHIRAZ.
After a fifteen days’ march over desolate plains without any sign of
vegetation save sparse gardens round some few of the villages and
the green valley of Yezdicast (or Yzedcast as the natives call it), the
view of Shiraz is certainly grand and pleasing. Suddenly, after a
twenty-mile march from the last stage, the greater portion of which
was between rocky hills with nothing to please the eye save a little
turf and a few straggling trees around the tiny stream of beautifully
cool water known throughout the east as the Ab-i-Rookhni, and
alluded to by Moore as the “Rookhnabad,” the vast plain of Shiraz
bursts upon one’s view with the garden-surrounded city at one’s feet.
Of course distance lends enchantment, and it looks so clean and
so cool, particularly after fifteen days’ marching, that a strong
contrast is presented to most Persian towns whose mud walls as a
rule are seen from afar.
Shiraz is, however, as I said, embowered in gardens and
cultivation. On the right, the Bagh-i-No, or New Garden; on the left,
the Bagh-i-Jahn-i-ma, the Garden of my Soul, full of cypresses,
which give, from their peculiar deep green, a coolness to the scene
very rare in Persia; little oases of garden can be seen in the well-
cultivated and smiling plain beyond the whitish city, and within the