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Culture Documents
Etiology of Malocclusion - En.ar
Etiology of Malocclusion - En.ar
Etiology of Malocclusion - En.ar
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ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺎﺕﺳﻮء ﺍﻹﻃﺒﺎﻕ
ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ
ﻳﻈُﻬﺮﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻲ ﻟﻺﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻧﻄﺎﻗ ًﺎ
ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎًﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ .ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔﻋﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ:
ﺃ( ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ :ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺪ
ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒﻛﻞ ﻓﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ .ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ
ﻳﺤﺪﺙﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ .ﻓﻲ
ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ
ﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓﺍﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ
ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪﺑﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ.
ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ :ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻼﻗﺔ
ﺍﻟﻔﻜﻴﻦﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﺩﻳﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ
ﺃﻥﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﺳﻨﺎﻥ.
ﺗﺴﻤﻰﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻜﻴﻦ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ
ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ:
• ﻓﻲﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻃﻊ
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ.
ﺇﺫﺍﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎً ،ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻂ ﺷﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ •
ﻫﻮﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ.