revaz inaniSvilis saskolo programiT gaTvaliswinebuli

ramdenime nawarmoebis analizi

lali daTaSvili
filologiis doqtori

mSvenieri gogona

(“miranduxt”)

moTxroba “miranduxt” sazogadoebaSi pirovnebis rolsa da adgils exeba,

adamianTa urTierTobis kulturasa da gamorCeuli pirovnebis fass gvaswavlis.
gerontisa da misnairTa garemoSi miranduxti araamqveyniur arsebad Cans,
maRaziaSi ucxosaviT rom gamoiyureba.
mwerali mTavar gmirs yvelasagan gansxvavebul pirovnebad asaxavs, gogona
aSkarad ganirCeva rigSi mdgari adamianebisa Tu maTi Svilebisa da
SviliSvilebisagan. es sifrifana dedofali, qalbatoni, ara mxolod garegnobiT,
siarulis maneriTa da xasiaTiTaa gamorCeuli, aramed saxelic ki sadedoflo
hqvia: “miranduxti”.
meore mxriv, sazogadoebaa, zogi _ morCili, zogi _ gaRizianebuli, anCxli,
zogi _ cxovrebiT daRlili, “TiTqos raRac tvirTiT mxrebdamZimebuli”, Tumca
yvela maTgani egueba sazogadoebriv “morals”, Tavs ar itkivebs zneobriv
Rirebulebebze dardiT, pirovnebis Seuracxyofas, motyuebas, abuCad agdebas
Cveulebriv movlenad Tvlis...
amitomaa, rom moTxrobis personaJTa didi nawili arasworad reagirebs
gogonas saqcielze. Tumca miranduxti moxucs gamoeqomaga, misi motyuebis
SesaZlebloba ar misca gamyidvels, Tavisi fulic sworad iangariSa, ris gamoc
qebis Rirsi iyo, rigSi mdgomebma gakicxes, uzrdelad CaTvales da dedamisis
avqalobac warmoidgines (“deda eyoleba magas... Cems mters!”).
revaz inaniSvilis mier daxatul sazogadoebas samarTlianobis aRdgena ar
ainteresebs. nebismieri adamianisTvis mTavaria, rigSi didxans ar idges.
erTaderTi viRac gaubedavad eqomageba miranduxts, magram, rogorc ki Sepasuxebas
daupireben, gaCumebas amjobinebs:
“_ mSvenieri gogonaa, _ Cailaparaka viRacam.
_ rogor?
aravin amoiRo xma”;
am tipis adamians Tu SesaZlebloba mieca, umal Tavs iqebs, yoyloCinobs da
Tavisi cxovrebis wesi yvelasTvis misabaZi magaliTi hgonia, gansxvavebuls
dascinis da uaryofs, radgan “miCveuli Wiri urCevnia SeuCvevel lxins”.
rigSi mdgomebsac ar daviwyebiaT gogonas “Tavxedobis” fonze sakuTari
mokrZalebisa da aRzrdilobis, TavianTi Svilebisa Tu SviliSvilebis Rirsebebis
warmoCena:
“_ me SviliSvili myavs magaze didi, Tavs maRla ver aaRebineb ufrosebTan, _
gverdze mdgoms eubneboda... WaRara qali.
_ Cems gogonasac.
_ aRzrdaa yvelaferi”;
gerontisac surs sxvaTa TvalSi karg kacad warmoCndes, amitom, Tumca erTi
suli aqvs, gogona kinwiskvriT gaagdos maRaziidan, simSvidis SenarCunebas
cdilobs: “_ mibrZane, ra mogarTva! _ morCileba gaiTamaSa gerontim.”

1
 gamyidvelis agresias miranduxti ar asdevs da mSvidad pasuxobs, riTac far-
xmals ayrevinebs gaRizianebuls:
“_ sadisti xar, ra xar?
_ sadisti ras niSnavs?
_ mwvalebels, mtarvals, _ xmas uwevda geronti.
_ gmadlobT. davixsomeb am sityvas.”
an
“_ maSin gavigeb, romel skolaSi swavlob, da Cemi fexiT mival direqtorTan.
_ rogorc geneboT.“
mwerali ostaturi SedarebebiT gviCvenebs, rom misi simpaTia patara gogonaa,
igi qalbatons hgavs, sxva qalebi ki _ kamods. miranduxti “qalbatonurad
midioda“, masze cudis mTqmeli da am gogonas gamzrdelis damwunebeli qali ki
“kamodiviT ganieri” iyo.
miranduxti Tavisdauneburad, Tu Segnebulad, did zegavlenas axdens irgvliv
myofebze. mas umal amCneven, Tvals ayoleben, yuradRebas aqceven, misi saqcieliT
Riziandebian, mis kvlav gamoCenasEelian, es gansakuTrebiT gerontize iTqmis.
igi Tavidan pirad mtrad miiCnevs miranduxts. amas sxvebic amCneven, “gogona
mSvidi qalbatoniviT Semodioda maRaziaSi. geronti sabrZolo pozaSi dgeboda”.
gamyidvels didad umZims patiosnad vaWroba, xurdis zustad dabruneba
erTaderTi adamianisTvis, siqas aclis gogonas gastumreba: “geronti
usinaTlosaviT arTmevda fuls, kankaliT ubrunebda xurdas da, gogona rom
wavidoda, niaTgamoclili jdeboda”.
mcire xnis gasvlis Semdeg ki mkiTxveli xedavs gerontis feriscvalebas:
“geronti damSvidda. TiTqos ufro sufTadac iparseboda, sufTadac icvamda.
halstuxis gakeTebac ki daiwyo. lamazad ivarcxnida WaRara Tmas. myidvelebTanac
ufro Tavaziani gaxda“ _ „qalbatonma“ masSi raindi gaaRviZa, gaukeTesebis
survili aRuZra.
TviT gerontisac esmis, rogori zegavlena moaxdina masze miranduxtma,
rogor surs, rom TviTonac iyos am patara gogosTvis mosawoni adamiani da
Tavisi Svilebic mas daamsgavsos. amitomac gamoutydeba TanamSromlebs: „_ ra
aris adamiani! xom mabrazebda eg gogo. mabrazebda, magram Tanac mafxizlebda.
rac eg gamoCnda, aSkarad davinaxe Cemi gogoebis naklovanebebi. cecxlis kaloSi
vayeneb _ an siaruli iswavlon, an TavdaWera. meca... meca vzivar da sul
vangariSob.“
Seicvalnen maro da margalitac. adre rom aRizianebdaT miranduxti,
gerontisac uCxikinebdnen mis danaxvaze da “seiris sayureblad emzadebodnen”,
bolos “aRiares: _ genialuri gogoa!.”
gogona aiZulebs gerontis, adamianebTan urTierTobisas zrdiloba
gamoiCinos. amitom awvalebs. rogorc ki dainaxavs gerontis feriscvalebas da
moismens mis Tavazian saubars, ukve Cveulebriv eqceva da Tavisi aseTi qcevis
mizansac amJRavnebs. gamyidvels aswavlis: „aRar mimarToT aRaravis wyromiT. miT
ufro _ qalebs.”
mwerali gviCvenebs, Tu ramdeni ram aris damokidebuli ganwyobaze. rogorc ki
SeZlo gerontim, gaRizianebis gareSe Seexeda miranduxtisTvis, maSinve aRmoaCina,
rom is “mofsirtuli” jadosani ki ara, mSvenieri arsebaa: “gogonac uRimoda
gasaocari lamazi RimiliT. gasaocari lamazi tuC-kbili hqonda, gasaocari
lamazi keTili Tvalebi, raRac naTeli edga mTel saxeze.”

2
 miranduxtis sityva da saqme ar gansxvavdeba. igi sworad cxovrebas ara
mxilod sxvaTagan moiTxovs, aramed TviTonac erTgulia Tavisi principebisa.
miusedavad imisa, rom gerontis misTvis gadanaxuli aqvs xolme saqoneli, gogona
daxls qvemodan arafers yidulobs. amiT igi taqtianad ganagrZobs gerontis
gamosworebas da mianiSnebs mas, rom amgvari vaWroba gamyidvelisTvisac
Seuracxmyofelia da myidvelisTvisac. Tu ver miaxvedrebs, auxsnis kidec Tavisi
amgvari saqcielis mizezsa da mizans, rogorc erTxel es ukve gaakeTa. icis, rom
geronti mousmens da daujerebs, Tundac mcire xnis win ki es sityvebi mxolod
gaaRizianebda mas da uaryofiT Sedegs gamoiRebda.
gerontim bolos daimsaxura kidec gogonasgan mowoneba: „ai, ra kargi
brZandebiT axla”.
revaz inaniSvilis saTqmelic esaa, Rirseul adamians ZaluZs, didi zegavlena
moaxdinos sazogadoebaze, Secvalos da gaakeTilSobilos igi.
SesaZloa, mas droebiT ver gaugon, miranduxtiviT, an saerTod ver gaugon,
vaJas gmirebiviT, magram is uflis Svilia, sxvagvarad cxovreba ar SeuZlia,
RmerTma icis, “rom wminda aris ganzraxva da survili” (ilia) maTi.
aseTi adamiani nugeSi da RvTis wyalobaa kacTaTvis.
miranduxtic sanTeliviT anaTebs erTferovan da miwisken macqeral
sazogadoebaSi.

naWrilobevis iebi

(“muxa”)

mwerali miniaturiT “muxa”kidev erTxel dagvafiqrebs, ra Znelia, sibereSi

martosuli da yvelasgan mitovebuli iyo.
“jmux, tandakoJril, foTlebSeTxelebul” muxas igi axasiaTebs, rogorc
“saukuneebiT daRlils, gawamebuls”. es xe ukve im asakSia, sicocxle tanjva-
wamebad rom gadaqcevia, Tanac ara marto siberis gamo.
muxas “iSviaTad Tu ewveva vinme”. Tanac, am stumarTa dasaxasiaTeblad avtori
iseT sityvebs iyenebs, romelTa saSualebiTac naTeli xdeba, rom arc erTi
maTgani siyvarulis an monatrebis gamo ar modis am xesTan. “qori uZravia da
mrisxaned miSterebuli velisken”; “kodala swrafad, ugulod Semourbens
irgvliv, TiTqos valdebulebis mosaxdelad oriodejer dahkravs niskarts, _
kivkivo! _ anugeSebs da gafrindeba sxva xeebisken”... “stumrad misulma”
adamianebma ki atkines da Seawuxes, maTTvis is usulo sagani iyo, romelic im
wuTSi TavianTi isteresebis dasakmayofileblad sWirdebodaT.
muxis tanjvis asasaxavad mwerali mis tkivilsa da cremlebs monadireebis
sicils upirispirebs. adamiani verc ki xvdeba, rogor awamebs sxvas, misTvis
mTavaria, TviTon kargad igrZnos Tavi. TviTon laRoben da ra mniSvneloba aqvs,
ras grZnobs muxa, romelsac “siciliT gaSvebuli tyviebi wiviliT esobodnen”.
vaJasi ar iyos, muxis fesvebs rom aTqmevinebs: “culs rom gvcemen, Cven vkvnesiT
da Tqven ki, kacni, amas “rakuns” eZaxiT. gadmogvdis sisxli da Tqven Cvens sisxls
“xis wvens” uwodebT” (“fesvebi”). muxas stkioda, misi “simwris nafleTebi
gulxeTqebiT cvioda aqeT-iqiT”, magram monadireebi brmebi da yruebi iyvnen amis
aRsaqmelad.
buneba didia, gaaxalisa da sicocxlis survili daubruna muxas imiT, rom
iebi miarTva, “sisxli” amaod ar daaRvrevina: “muxis naWrilobevSi mTeli bRuja

3
ia amosuliyo da JriamuliT yvaoda.” sityva “Jriamuls” mwerali moulodnel
konteqstSi xmarobs da mkiTxvels daanaxvebs mxiarul, celq, axalgazrdul
silamazes, surs, silamazis aRqma da misiT tkboba gvaswavlos. bavSvi _ bunebis
laRi, ubiwo Svili, “Ria TvalebiT” iyureba da xedavs am saocar silamazes,
amitomac moqmedebs guliT: “aRtacebulma Caimuxla, muxas xelebi moxvia da
miexuta.”
moxuci monadiris saqcieli ki mis sulSi bavSvis siwmidis zegavleniT
momxdari kaTarzisis, uflisgan Seqmnili silamazisTvis qedis moxris, sakuTari
usulgulobis gancdiT aRZruli sinanulisa da sindisis qenjnis gamoxatulebaa:
“monadirem uyura, uyura, mere qudi moixada da Tavdaxrili gaCerda.” aseTi
grZnobebiT sasufevlis karTan dganan, magram vai, rom am karis gaRebas mxolod
nagvianevi sinanuli ar hyofnis, macxovris “misaxuteblad” siyvaruliT savse
gulia saWiro _ bavSvis guliviT wminda da faqizi.

kacobis tvirTi

(“SeSaze”)

cxovreba zogs naadrevad wamohkidebs xolme kacobis tvirTs. “mas maradJams

Tan dahyveba gacdenili siyrmisa da siWabukis dardi, aseTni mudam hkargaven
wonasworobas”, _ gvarwmunebs konstantine gamsaxurdia “didostatis marjvenaSi”.
revaz inaniSvils patara moTxrobaSi “SeSaze” es problema sxvanairad
gadauwyvetia. igi cxovrebasTan WidilSi daumarcxeblobisaTvis sayrdenad
siyvarulis Zalas gvTavazobs, radgan qristianisTvis kacobis sazomi moyvasze
zrunva da misi siyvarulis unaria.
WiWo, rogorc ufrosi Zma, mamasaviT eqceva elgujas, zrunavs masze, rom
Zalian ar daiRalos, ar dasveldes, ar itiros, ar SeSindes. purisa da xorcis
mozrdil naWrebs mas aZlevs (“erTi puri da loris patara naWeri isev hqondaT.
WiWom puri Suaze gadatexa, daxeda, romelic ufro didad moeCvena, elgujas
gauwoda, xorcic imas misca.“). cdilobs, mZime saqme TviTon gaakeTos. arigebs
kidec da Surdulis waRebas uSlis. Sin dabrunebuli ki elgujas aqebs, rom
waaxalisos:
“_ ra yofila es Cveni elguja _ tarabuasaviT trialebda tyeSi.“
elguja, Tavis mxriv, ujerebs Zmas da mis rCevebs iTvaliswinebs, Surduls ki
ZaRlis awkavwkavebis Semdeg uceb malavs, Zmam rom ar dainaxos da ar
usayveduros;
mwerali arafers ambobs imaze, rom biWebi axali daoblebulebi arian,
mkiTxveli amas TavisiT xvdeba maTTan TanasoflelTa damokidebulebiT.
xalxi cdilobs, TanagrZnobiT moeqces daoblebul biWebs. viri iafad
mihyides, gzad Semxvedrni Svelian, rCevas aZleven, urmis mosarTavebs asworeben:
“_ SeabiT, biWo? karga eweva!
_ elgujav, TavqveSi kudi dauWire da ise daatormuze xolme. RaRaniZe
solikos papam gaaCera.
mivida, xelna aswia da kexsakideli jaWvi daumokla:
_ ai, emaze daayeneT xolme, Torem egre saxedari iwvalebs...”
mkiTxveli TanagrZnobiT imsWvaleba biWebis mimarT, rodesac xedavs, rogor
uWirT xis Camotana: „iWyivles, ibRotes, mxrebi gadaiyvlifes da aRmarTze ase

4
avidnen“, Tumca arc erTi maTgani ar Riziandeba, meores Cxubs ar uwyebs da arc
saxlSi garbis, piriqiT, emociebs malaven da erTmaneTs amxneveben.
biWebs erTmaneTis siyvaruli, erTmaneTze zrunva da imis gancda aZlierebT,
rom kacis saqmes akeTeben, gardacvlili mamis nacvlad, kacoba eamayebaT da
cdiloben, Tavi ar Seircxvinon, Torem sxva dros da sxva viTarebaSi aseT
TovlSi es bavSvebi ezosa da Tbil Rumels arc ki moSordebodnen: „erTmaneTis
rom ar rcxvinebodaT, velze gavidodnen, cecxls daanTebdnen, miusxdebodnen da
arafers ar gaakeTebdnen.
erTmaneTis rcxvenodaT, erTmaneTisTvis zrunavdnen da es amagrebdaT.“
naadrevad dakacebuli, mamakacis tvirTwamokidebuli biWebis Sesabamisia
saubris Temebic: dedis gamxneveba, masTan saubros toni, viris fasze sja-baasi...
da Sin SeSiT savse urmiT dabrunebiT aRZruli siamaye: “WiWom didi kaciviT
daiZaxa:
_ gamogvxedeT, ojaxisSvilebo!“
mkiTxveli xvdeba, rom biWebi mamas baZaven, roca dedas sTxoven quds,
sagzlis gamzadebas, umtkiceben mas, rom TovlSi Tbila da araferi mouvaT tyeSi
wasvliT, uaryofen ezoSi xis moWras: „_ ii, erTi Senc, axla is wnori maRijnine.”
Tumca mozardebi arian. bavSvis fsiqologiis gaTvaliswinebiT swori nabijia
mwerlis mxridan, WiWosa da elgujasTvis mZime gzidan mainc rom gamoyofs
biWisTvis sayuradRebo detalebs, romelTa wyalobiTac bavSvi iviwyebs siZneles
da misi yuradReba sxva mxares miimarTeba: “bevri saintereso ram SeniSnes: Suaze
CaxeCili ifani. mglis navali, Savi, didi kodala...“
mwerali gviCvenebs, rom dabrkolebis gadalaxvisa da kacobis pirveli
gamocdis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdeg, “sadRacidan SeumCnevlad mobrunda
siyvaruli, mobrunda da biWebis patara gulebSi daibuda.“ da am moTxrobiT qmnis
siyvarulis mSvenier sagalobels. „uyvardaT deda, uyvardaT erTmaneTi, is
metyeve, romelmac ise lazaTianad gamoistumra, uyvardaT is tye da is gzac,
romlebmac sul cota xnis winaT TiTqmis cremlebi moawurines Tvalebidan.
uyvardaT yvelaferi, rac maT irgvliv iyo.“
revaz inaniSvili kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom sicocxles azrsa da
silamazes siyvaruli sZens, siyvaruliT savse kacisTvis zamTaric lamazia,
Tovlic Tbilia, adamianebic sikeTiT arian savseni, sicocxle mSvenieria da isic
ki mogwons, rom „sadRac serebze mxiarulad wkavwkaveben turebi...”
kacobis tvirTis mzidvelic is aris, vinc siyvaruliT savsea.

`sacodavi qveynis sacodavi Svilebi...~

(“erekle mefe da ananureli ulamazoebi“)

saqarTvelos umZimesi istoria mravali mwerlis safiqrali da Semoqmedebis

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Tema gamxdara.
revaz inaniSvilis “erekle mefe da ananureli ulamazoebi“ im saSinel
tkivils agvisaxavs, krwanisis omSi damarcxebuli qveyana rom ganicdida. yvela
qarTveli damwuxrebuliyo: „malimal mimoqrodnen TavdaRunuli mdumare
mxedrebi, soflebSi CurCuliTa da viS-viSiT gadadioda xan erTi ambavi, xan _
meore, dedakacebi muxlebSi icemdnen xelebs, mxrebacaxcaxebulni Tvalebze ifa-
rebdnen mosaxvevis boloebs.“

5
 nawarmoebi Ralatis Temas efuZneba da im gaRizianebisa Tu umweobis gancdebs
asaxavs, yvela keTilSobil adamians rom emarTeba SinamoRalatis „wyalobiT“
ganadgurebuli mamulis xilvisas.
moTxrobaSi, erTi mxriv, wera-kiTxvis ucodinari, uqonel-upovari, ulamazo
glexis biWia _ mosaxleobis yvelaze dabali fenis warmomadgeneli da, meore
mxriv, _ mefe erekle, qveynis meTauri, Tumca maT erTi ram aerTianebT _ „qveynis
imediT cxovroben” da maTi sixaruli Tu sevda samSoblos ukavSirdeba.
biWi Rmuis, yviris, mefes kombliani biWbuWebis daxmarebas hpirdeba. yvela
Rones xmarobs, rom erekle Tavisi ganzraxvis siwrfeleSi daarwmunos, “muxlebze
CaCoqili, acremlebuli wavida mefisken” mudariT, gamoeyenebina maTi Zala
mterTan brZolaSi.
aseTive gamwarebulia erekle, bevri tkivili aqvs nanaxi da mzevaris Svilis
nairsac bevrs Sexvedria, biWTan saubrisas “ramdenjerme umweod daaxamxama
Tvalebi, magram es Tvalebi miCveulni iyvnen msgavs sanaxaobebs da swrafadve
daibrunes simtkice.” Tumca mainc gatexili Cans, dards misTvis xeli daurevia,
Tavsa da guls veRar imorCilebs. mwerali ostaturad gamoxatavs mefis sulis
tkivils misi xelis uneburi moZraobiT: “xeli axla muxlze edo, moiWerda
muxlze da gaSlida, moiWerda da gaSlida...”
ereklemac da mzevaris biWmac mSvenivrad ician, rom mteri ver
dagvamarcxebda, moRalate rom ara: “_ TaTrebi ar unda mogvreodnen, dido mefev.
TaTrebi Cveni momrevebi ar arian!” _ dabejiTebiT ambobs biWi da mdidrebs
adanaSaulebs qveynis gayidvaSi.
Ralatis isris mdidarTaken mimarTva, erTi mxriv, “saxarebis” gamoZaxilad
gvesmis, rom mdidari fiqriT maradiulad dastrialebs Tavis saganZurs,
yvelaferze metad qoneba uyvars da mas ver Ralatobs (“sadaca ars saunje
Tqueni, munca iyos guli Tqueni.” _ luka 12, 34), meore mxriv, erTgvar
koniunqturad da socialisturi epoqis dakveTisaTvis Tavis moxrad migvaCnia, im
aucileblobiT gamowveulad, rom literaturaSi glexebsa da Tavadebs Soris
dapirispireba unda asaxuliyo.
saqarTvelos istoriuli avbedobis simboloa mwerlis mier tkiviliT
Seqmnili suraTi: ananurelma biWebma “gaiares gadaxrili mziT ganaTebuli cixis
ezo, gverdze gaiyoles grZel-grZeli Crdilebi da mere nel-nela Cavidnen bnel
labirinTSi, TiTqos samudamod Caefarnen miwas.” ase midiodnen da imarxebodnen
qarTveli biWebi Tu kacebi...
is ki, vinc ver swiravda mamuls Tavs, sakuTari sicocxlis fasad ver
axerxebda wvlilis Setanas qveynis keTildReobaSi da iZulebuli xdeboda,
damarcxebuli, damonebuli samSoblos Svilad egrZno Tavi, dauamebel tkivils
daatarebda guliT, rom veraferi argo Tavis mamuls, “TavCaRunuli,
sevdaSemowolili ganagrZobda cxovrebis gzas.”
Tumca qarTvelma kargad icis namdvili vaJkacis _ mouTvinierebeli mglis
fasi, romelsac veraferi daaCoqebs, vinc ganuwyvetlad elis, rodis
dauZaxebdnen, rom misi mklav-guli sWirdeboda qveyanas, vinc moxucebulic
Wabukuri energiiT aRivseba da “sisxliT SeRebavs WaRaras” (akaki), oRond ki
damarcxebuli mteri da gamarjvebis sixaruliT gabrwyinebuli mamuli ixilos.
isini saocrad itanjebian, Tuki aravin uxmobT...

6
 aseTi gautexeli vaJkacebis simbolod qmnis mwerali mzevaris biWis saxes,
Tanac usaxelod, mxolod mamis saxeliT, warmogvidgens mas, raTa aseTi
adamianebis uangaroba da TavganwirvisaTvis mzadyofna gviCvenos.
axalgazrdaca da moxucic, janmrTelica da avadmyofic, dRiTa Tu RamiT,
darsa Tu avdarSi, erekles sikvdilis Semdegac elis damZaxebels mzevaris biWi.
muxTal sawuTros misTvis Tvalis Cinic ki waurTmevia, magram imedi, rom qveynis
mkvdreTiT aRdgomis xmas gaigonebs, Rrmad moxucsac aZlevs Zalas, idges
mamulis sadarajoze da elodos, elodos...
mwerali mas moxucebulsac biWad moixseniebs, raTa misi moudrekloba da
ymawviluri guli dagvanaxos, oTxmoci wlisasac bavSvuri siwrfeliT rom sjera
ocnebis axdenisa... aseTebisaa caTa sasufeveli...
es moTxroba im wuxilnarevi siyvaruliTaa savse, avtori Tavisi
samSoblosadmi rom ganicdida.
mZime mosasmenia, Tumca realobis amsaxveli saqarTvelos istoriisa da XVIII
saukunis qarTvelobis inaniSviliseuli, „naRvelSi amonawebi“ Sefasebac:
`sacodavi qveynis sacodavi Svilebi...~
Tumca rCeba mzevaris biWi, rogorc bednieri momavlisa da qveynis gamoxsnis
mosurne, momlodine da amisaTvis daucxromlad mlocveli...
mkiTxvelsac swams, rom saqarTvelo “mzevari biWebis” gulebze dgas, odesme
isini “uxilavs dainaxaven” vaJas “personaJebiviT” (“mTani maRalni”) da tyisa Tu
kldis amay gugunsac moeswrebian: “amirania!”...

sikvdilTan Sexvedra

(„mglis mokvla“)

“sikvdili yvelas gvaTanasworebs”

(akaki)
revaz inaniSvili epoqis maxasiaTeblebs arasodes miiCnevs adamianis raime
moqmedebis an misi romelime Tvisebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorad. epoqa mxolod
gadmocemuli movlenebis fonia. amiT xazs usvams, rom yovel dros kacobis
sazomi da yvela faqtorze mniSvnelovani adamianis pirovnuli Rirebulebebi da
zneobrivi mrwamsia.
„mglis mokvlaSic“ asea. “koleqtivi axali Camoyalibebulia, qveviT,
mrudeebSi gviyenia saqoneli: cxvari, kameCebi, Rori. Cven kidev komkavSirelebi
varT,” _ aseTi dasawyisiT mwerali mxolod epoqas akonkretebs da moqmed gmirTa
axalgazrdobas gaxazavs, radgan sabWoeTSi adamiani 27 wlis asakamde iyo
komkavSireli.
rogori undobloba da urTierTSuRli iyo masaxleobaSi, amaze is
metyvelebs, rom sazogadoeba koleqtivis mtrebad da momxreebad aris dayofili.
yvela SeiaraRebulia, Tanasoflelebi erTmaneTTan paroliT urTierToben:
“RamRamobiT sofelSi vmorigeobT, koleqtivis mtrebisa gveSinia. erTmaneTs
paroliT vatarebT”.
parolad SerCeuli sityvebi mosaxleobis gaunaTleblobisa da ekonomiuri
gaWirvebis maCvenebelia, radgan komkavSirelebi mwvanileuliTa da glexuri
saWmliT Semoifarglebian: “_ paroli! _ qinZi. meore dRes: _ paroli! _ lobio.
mesame dRes: _ fafa! da ase.“ maTi sazomic glexuria: „Cvenidan, egre, xuTi

7
guTneulis gaSlaze mkvdari cxeni gdia“, an „ase ori xeli rom miatyupo da
gaSalo, amodenaze aqvs daRebuli piri“.
mTxrobeli glexia, SesaZloa, wera-kiTxvis ucodinaric, magram poeturi
sulisaa, dakvirvebuli da nanaxze mofiqrali. misi naambobi savsea poeturi
SedarebebiT: „aes derefani sul savse iyo lamaz-lamazi skvinCebiT. dedaCemi rom
gavidoda da sakenks gautanda qaTmebs, wiwilebiviT dasdevdnen ukan. mgeli
dagvedo, TiTqos osmalo Semoseulao... riyis iqiTa napirze ZeZvis RobesaviT
raRaca iZvris, modis, moiweleba. TiTqos ruxi mtveri iyos da is mohqondes niavs.
mglebis xrova, kaco! imaT siruxeSi xan erTi Tvali gabrwyindeba
cicinaTelasaviT, xan _ meore. moridebuli muStiviT aris mokumSuli. bolos
gamoeyo xrovas sami mgeli. modian Cvenken, TavaRebulebi, kavaleristebiviT...
lamfas rom Cauweven, aegre nel-nela Caiwia sinaTlem im TvalSi, Caiwia, Caiwia da
Caqra.“
yvela am Sedarebas „glexuri“ elferi aqvs. mTxrobeli sofelSi gazrdili
kacia. mwerali sworad iqceva _ damajerebeli personaJis Sesaqmnelad mis
SesaZlo leqsikur marags iTvaliswinebs, amitomac axal sanaxavs personaJi
misTvis kargad nacnob sagnebs adarebs: cicinaTelas, ZeZvis Robes, wiwilebs,
lamfas, kavalerists...
im gaorebis gadmosacemad, rac religiasTan dakavSirebiT axasiaTebdaT
sabWoTa adamianebs, erTi mxriv, uflis SiSi rom hqondaT da, meore mxriv,
komunistur antiTeizms aRiarebdnen, mwerali personaJs wmindanebs gaaxsenebs da
mere moabodiSebinebs, Tumca es wamocdenili naTels xdis, rom am komkavSirelTa
sulebSi ar waSlila sarwmunoebis kvali: „raRac mbrwyinavi korianteli dgas, ai,
naTeli rom adgaT wmindanebs, iseTi. gagviskda guli, RvTisa xom araferi
movkaliTo. komkavSirelebi varT, magram mainc! SeSinebulebi vuyurebT
erTmaneTs.“
nawarmoebis idea avtorma bolos moaqcia. moTxroba sikvdilTan Sexvedris
motivzea. mTeli es naambobi imaze dagvafiqrebs, rom sikvdilisa yvelas eSinia da
sicocxlesTan gamomSvidobeba yvelas uWirs. arc imas aqvs mniSvneloba, Tu
romel epoqaSi cxovrobs kaci, arc mis ganaTlebasa Tu zneobrov principebs.
mwerali kidev ufro metad ganazogadebs saTqmels, gvarwmunebs, rom sikvdili
qeds nebismier cocxal arsebas moaxrevinebs, mas yvela ufrTxis _ kacica da
kavaleristiviT amayi mgelic. amitomac ambobs mTxrobeli:
„sikvdilis dros yvelani erTnairebi varT, Svilo, adamianebic da
cxovelebic.“
Tumca sazogadoebis nawili interesiT uyurebs sxvis sikvdils. es
komkavSirlebic mglis sikvdilis sanaxavad garbodnen. arc erTi maTgani imaze ar
dafiqrebula, rom cocxali arseba mokles, arc Sewuxebula amis gamo. mxolod
erTi mizani amoZravebdaT _ mglis TvalebSi Camdgari imqveyniuroba daenaxaT.
qedic maradisobas mouxares da mis garduvalobas Caufiqrdnen, iqneb, sakuTari
sikvdilic warmoidgines da amiT daizafrnen. mTxrobels amitomac axsovs es
„kadri“: „Cven Tofebze dayrdnobilebi videqiT xmis amouReblad.“
revaz inaniSvili „mglis mokvliT“ kidev erTxel dagvafiqrebs sikvdil-
sicocxlis problemaze, kidev erTxel virwmunebT vaJas sityvebis WeSmaritebas:
„sikvdili yvelas gvaSinebs,
sxvas Tu hkvlen, cqera gvwadian,
kacni ver grZnoben bevrjera,

8
 Tu ra did codvas Cadian...“ („stumar-maspinZeli“).

keTilSobilTa modgma

(„frTxebian yvavebi dambaCis xmaze?“)

„frTxebian yvavebi dambaCis xmaze?“ pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis Temaze

Seqmnili novelaa da mkiTxvels vitgenSteinis saxiT kidev erT aludas, igis, don
kixotsa Tu TaraS emxvars acnobs.
mwerali epigrafidanve gvamzadebs gamorCeuli sulieri Rirebulebis
personaJTan Sesaxvedrad. enciklopediaSi aRniSnuli gvari, gamqrali
aristokratuli ojaxi mkiTxvelSi maTdami pativiscemasa da ukvalod gardasuli
mSvenierebis gamo wuxils aRZravs.
vitgenSteinis daxasiaTeba, is, Tu rogor Semohyavs igi moTxrobaSi mwerals,
misi gemovneba, TavdaWeris manera, Zaldautanebeli Tavazianoba, garegnuli
srulyofileba kidev ufro gvarwmunebs mis rCeulobaSi. erTi SexedviTac ki
gasagebia, rom is RvTis Svilia da Tavisi drois sazogadoebisagan gansxvavdeba,
erTi mxriv, „Tavadi vitgenSteini, ruseTis imperatoris axlo naTesavi,
samegrelos mTavarTa umSvenieresi STamomavlis paSa dadianis vaJiSvili“,
daxvewili kulturis, zrdili da amayi adamiania, romelic sxvebis arad Camgdeb,
xmauriT Semwuxebel, uzrunvel, miwier Tanamoqalaqeebs ar hgavs da maT verc
ewyoba. “ver itanda Zalian moZravT, xmaurianT _ verc kacebs, miT ufro
samxedroebs, da verc qalebs, ranairi momxiblvelnic ar unda yofiliyvnen isini.“
meore mxriv, generali, visma „mimoxram, mbrZaneblurma kilom, romliTac
vagonis gamcilebels mimarTavda, vitgenSteini miaxvedra, es erTi im
generalTagani iyo, brZolaSi saamayo dauridebloba samoqalaqo cxovrebaSic
rom gadmohqondaT. iyvnen Tamamni, xmaurianni, yvelafris mcodneni,
yovlisSemZleni da Tanac TiTqos keTilni“ da „aCqrolebuli faSfaSa qali“,
meZavi, mxolod xorcieli kmayofilebisTvis rom cxovrobs. miuxedavad
sayvarelTan erTad yofnisa, moaxerxa da sxva mamakacis dainteresebac scada,
„sanam kupeSi bargs Seitandnen mebargule da vagonis gamcilebeli, ramdenjerme
gamoabrdRviala vitgenSteinisken didi, aRmosavlurad wyliani Tvalebi.“
am ori tipis xalxi erTmaneTs danaxvisTanave scnobs. vitgenSteinma umal
gaiazra, generlisa da qalis saxiT rogori adamianebi daemgzavrnen, „generalic
maSinve mixvda, ra damRis RvTis Svilic idga vitgenSteinis saxiT mis win“. orive
mxare uxerxulobis gancdam Seipyro. Tavadi maT ukulturo qcevas erideboda,
amitomac, roca „Seiketnen kupeSi, kmayofili iyo im wyvilis ganmartoebiT“, xolo
generali aseT kacTan laRad da SeuzRudavad ver moiqceoda, sxva adamianebiviT
zevidan cqeras ver dauwyebda, piriqiT, sakuTari Tavi unda ekontrolebina,
radgan grZnobda, ramdenad ususuri pirovneba iyo masTan SedarebiT.
amdenad gansxvavebuli adamianebi mxolod manam cxovroben ukonfliqtod,
vidre erTmaneTs eridebian. vitgenSteins surda, maTTvis Tavi aeridebina, „kupeSi
Sesvla ganizraxa, magram mere raRac ymawvilurma Jinma aitana. gadawyvita,
Seemowmebina, bolomde marTebuli iyo Tu ara misi Sexeduleba am wyvilze“, rac
gardauval konfliqts moaswavebda.
sxva adamiani yuradRebasac ar miaqcevda generlis saqciels, daudevrobasa da
garSemo myofTa upativcemulobas SearCenda SiSisa Tu moZaladis mxridan
zedmeti garTulebis Tavidan aridebis mizeziT, magram ara _ vitgenSteini.

9
 Tavxeds viRacam unda aswavlos Wkua, vinmem unda uTxras, rom qedmaRloba da
egoizmi, mxolod sakuTari SexedulebebiTa da kmayofilebiT Semofargvla,
rwmena, rom Sens garSemo trialebs samyaro, rogorc RvTis, ise kacTa TvalSi
dasagmobia.
vitgenSteinis sityvebi: „_ ukeTesi xom ar iqneboda, meti TavSekavebuloba
gamogeCinaT?” _ imave tipis swavlebaa, aluda qeTelaurisgan rom gvaxsovs:
„Cven vityviT, kacni Cvena varT,
martod Cven gvzrdian dedani...“
xolo mis mier generlisTvis gawnuli sila _ iseTive moqmedeba, rogoric _
aludas mier kuratisTvis Tavis wacla.
gafrenil sityvas ukan ver daibruneb. amitom dueli gardauvali iyo, Tumca
generali dabneuli ufroa, vidre mis win mdgomare Tavadis Seuracxyofis
msurveli, rodesac mis mamakacobas Tavisdauneburad ayenebs eWvqveS:
„_ me, mamakaci, videqi Tqvens gverdiT.
generalma vitgenSteinis Tvalebs ver gauZlo.
_ mamakaci? _ gaeRima dabneuls.
vitgenSteinma mowyvetiT stkica sila.“
naumovi (jayo jivaSvilisagan gansxvavebiT, Teimurazs brinkad rom Tvlis)
pativiscemiT epyroba vitgenSteins, erTgvar mokrZalebasac grZnobs misi
pirovnebis mimarT, ris damalvasac cdilobs qedmaRali generali. igi duelis
Tavidan acilebis momxrecaa, ar unda moklas es ucnobi Tavadi, arc sapasuxo
silis gawvna mosvlia azrad, Tanamgzavri qalis uzneobac mianiSna: „generalma
loyaze xeli Camoisva da derefans gaxeda. derefanSi aravin iyo. enis borZikiT
Tqva:
_ is qali... im qalis gulisTvis ar Rirs.”
magram RvTis WeSmarit Svilebs zneobrivi kompromisebi ar axasiaTebT.
momakvdav vitgenSteinTan mdgomare naumovi nanobs Tavis saqciels, icis, rom
erTi mSvenieri adamiani mokla da qeds ixris mis winaSe: “mxolod generali idga
darbazSi uZravad. tyviiT gaxvretili qudi orive xeliT eWira win”?
kaci RirsebiT fasobs. vitgenSteins urCevnia, mkvdari iyos, vidre
RirsebaSelaxuli. amitomac amay kacad sikvdili arCia Sercxvenil sicocxles.
kidev erTxel warmoCnda rusTvelis aforizmis WeSmariteba: „sjobs sicocxlesa
nazraxsa sikvdili saxelovani“.
kaenma abeli mokla, Zmebma gayides iakobi, gawires iosebi, qarafidan
gadaagdes igi, mokveTes aluda, sikvdili sanatreli gauxades joyolasa Tu
aRazas... Suri anadgurebinebs adamians Tavisze ukeTess, Zmasa Tu TanamoZmes,
abnelebinebs da codvebiT avsebinebs dedamiwas. vitgenSteini yvela maTganis
simboluri gamoxatulebaa, swored maT adgaT usamarTlod dasjili yvelaze
didi msxverplis _ jvarcmuli macxovris naTeli...
Tumca kacobrioba mainc ver modis gons, ufro Rrmad efloba codvisa da
umadlobis WaobSi, vitgenSteinis sikvdilze metad yvavebis dafrTxoba
ainteresebs. amitomac novelis bolos mwerali guldawyvetiT gadmogvcems
“Tavisi qaliSvilis” reaqcias:
“megona, Tvalebi gabrwyinebuli eqneobda aRtacebiT. man ki SeeWvebulma
mkiTxa:
_ viTom dafrTxebodnen dambaCis xmaze yvavebi, mama?
eg iyo da eg.”

10
 am, erTi SexedviT, moulodneli finaliT, revaz inaniSvili cdilobs, kidev
erTxel dagvafiqros kacobis arsze, Tvali da yuri gangviwmidos dasanaxavad da
mosasmenad, Tundac ramdenime mkiTxveli monaxos, romelTa “Tvalebzec
Seamowmebs” gadmocemuli ambis tragikulobas, nawarmoebis mxatvruli Rirsebisa
Tu mwerliseuli saTqmelis sworad amokiTxvis unars, amiT ki TviTon itvirTos
“vitgenSteinTa” misia _ xvalindeli kacobrioba gaxados dRevandelze mcired
mainc ukeTesi.

mravalsaukunovani sisulelis kidev erTi suraTi

(“nekerCxlis wiTeli foToli”)

Cveni winaprebi gajiutebul momakvdavze ityodnen, viRacas elodeba, Tavisi

suli rom dautovos, viRacas, sakuTar sulze metad rom uyvars, amitom wvalobs
da ver gadis wuTisoflidano...
foTlisTvis ufals sasicocxlo drod „erTi baCavi wami“ dauwesebia, yinvac
misi mteria da zedmeti sicxec, magram es „siyvaruliT gawiTlebuli“ foToli
arafers epueboda.
“modioda wvima, uberavda qari, exlebodnen totebi totebs; ramdenjerme
Wirxlma Zvalrbilianad gaTanga yvelaferi, nekerCxlis wiTeli foToli ki isev
molodiniT iyo savse da mxolod odnav SesamCnevad eRuneboda mxrebi.”
trfobis sidiade nekerCxlis foTols saocar Zalas aZlevs, bunebis wesis
darRveviT acocxlebs. patara, sifrifana da uZluri, mSiSara „qalbatonia“, masze
didi da lamazi foTlebi Camocvivdnen, is ki kbodeze gadakidebuli icdis,
“wiTlad RudRudebs tyis bind haerSi”...
siyvaruliT savse foToli idumal mijnurs ucdis, rom mas Seavedros suli...
vaJasi ar iyos, TiTqos yvelaferi nanaxi aqvs, Tumca mainc raRacas elis,
“unaxavis danaxva moswyurebia”, rac “Tval-gulis gaumaZRrobaa” (“mTani maRalni”).
“muxamac, xevSi mimavalma momwvano wyalmac, msuqanma maCvmac da didTava bumac
icodnen, rom nekerCxlis foToli viRacas Tu raRacas eloda”, Tumca misi aravis
esmoda. meocnobe mijnuri martosuli iyo. es arc aris gasakviri, radgan is da
misi mezoblebi erTmaneTisgan sruliad gansxvavdebodnen.
muxa zedmetad qedmaRali da “Rirseulad TavdaWerili“ adamianis simboloa,
grZnobebis gamoxatvisa rom ercxvineba, yvelafris codnis survili rom aqvs da
Tavi yvelaze ukeTesi hgonia. amitom “is abrazebda, jansusti, yovelgvar xmaurze
mocaxcaxe foToli rogor iCenda misTvis gaugebar simtkices”;
wyali _ msubuqi da mgrZnobiare „kacia“, romlis grZnobaTa siRrme yovelTvis
eWvs iwvevs, movlenebsac zereled aanalizebs. mas foToli misianebze nawyeni
egona, ebraleboda da sTavazobda: “qvemoT wagiyvan, ulamazes adgilebs gaCveneb
da, sadac mogewonos, iq darCi”;
maCvi ki qoniani da ugrZnobelia, mxolod miwisa da xorcis kaci, misTvis
ocneba da siyvaruli arasaWiro bargia. igi buzRunebda: “_ netav vis elis
tutuci, ar urCevnia, Tavisianebis gverdiT iyos?!”
Tumca foToli arafrad agdebs dacinvasa Tu TanagrZnobas, jiutad icdis da
sikvdilis win saswaulis xilvis Rirsi xdeba, ocnebac auxdeba _ modis xariremi,
mRelvarebisgan acaxcaxebuli foToli misi xilviT itkbobs Tvalebs, Semdeg ki
misganve SemCneuli da datirebuli kvdeba.

11
 didostati mwerali ise gadmoscems foTlis sikvdilis scenas, mis ukanasknel
gabrZolebas sicocxlis SesanarCuneblad, rom mkiTxvels sunTqva ekvris,
momxdars “Sescqeris” tyis sxva binadariviT “gacqafuli”, yvelaferi rom kargad
dainaxos, “TiTqosda TiTiswverebze Sedgara” viRacis zurgs ukan:
“foToli TrToda, caxcaxebda; niavi ar iZvroda, ise TrToda da caxcaxebda.
iremma kiseri waigrZela da kidev ufro gakvirvebuli SeaCerda. maSin foToli
mowyda, wamovida farfatiT, wamiT TiTqos haerSic ki Sedga, mere moeSva da
gulaRma daeca Tovlze _ wiTeli, usasoo.”
axla ukve irmis jeria. axla man unda gamoxatos silamazis CaqrobiT
gamowveuli sevda, sikvdilis uZlevelobisa da yovlis gamanadgurebeli Zalis
winaSe nebismieri sulieri arsebis uZlurebiT aRZruli wuxili. igi ise
emSvidobeba foTols, rogorc adamiani _ Zvirfas micvalebuls: “moridebiT
Semouara, ramdenjerme Sedga, moixeda, raRac saocarma naRvelma Seipyro, Tavi
aswia da amoibRavla.”
sulis SemZvrelia novelis finalic. tiris bevris mnaxveli beberi muxa,
“mravalsaukunovani sisulelis kidev erT suraTad” rom miiCnevs siyvarulis am
istorias. “magram, miuxedavad amisa, igi mainc erTi surviliT iyo Sepyrobili:
undoda masac xariremiviT aewia Tavi da daebRavla, daebRavla ise, rom tani
ahburZgnodaT gaSterebiT mdgar wiflebsa da rcxilebs. es ar SeeZlo, da idga
Cumad, kvirtebis ubeebi nel-nela evseboda wveTebiT. es wveTebi iyo misi cremli.”
tiris muxa, iqneb TanagrZnobiT savse, iqneb sinanuliT, rom mas ar ewvia aseTi
grZnoba da siyvaruls sisuleled Tvlida? _ vin icis...
revaz inaniSvili am noveliT trfialebis yovlismpyrobel Zalaze
dagvafiqrebs da kidev erTxel gvarwmunebs, rom siyvaruls yvela qeds uxris.
gvaxsendeba aleqsandre WavWavaZis sityvebi:
„siyvarulo, Zalsa Sensa yoveli grZnobs, arsebs raca“.
mwerali novelaSi bunebas awinaswarmetyvelebinebs momaval saocar, magram
sevdian ambavs, viRacisTvis unda dabneldes: “midamo moicva sinaTlesTan gayris
idumalma sevdam...” wm. nino ambobda, “me dResa davuRamdebio”, bevri sxva
arsebisTvisac sikvdili sicivesa da daRamebasTan asocirdeba.
bunebas TanagrZnobac SeuZlia. haeric ki iziarebs xarirmis tkivils:
“zamTrispiris garindebul tyeSi glovis zariviT ismoda xariremis udrouli xma.
aqamde uZravi lurji haeri zanzarebda, TrToda.”
saukuneTa miRmidan ki isev kiTxulobs uiliam Seqspiri:
“da samwuxaro sxva ambavi iqneba gana,
romeosa da julietas ambavisTana...”
ase dasdevs siyvaruls sitkboca da naRvelic...

12