149 Tamil Pudhiya Vetri Namathae

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.பள்ளிக்கல்வித்துைற,புதுக்ேகாட்ைட மாவட்டம்.
ெவற்றி நமேத ! மு.க.அ. புதுக்ேகாட்ைட
பள்ளிக்கல்வித்துைற,
புதுக்ேகாட்ைட மாவட்டம்.
முைனவ!.நா.அருள்முருகன்,
முதன்ைமக்கல்வி அலுவல!,
1
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Kjy; jhs;
tpdh vz; : (1 Kjy; 16 Kba)
cupa tpiliaj; Nju;en ; jOJf :
1. jpUf;Fwisg; Nghw;wpg;ghLk; E}y; _________
1. ehy;tu; ehd;kzp khiy 2. jpUts;Stkhiy 3. ,ul;il kzp khiy
2. jpUf;Fws; _________ ntz;ghf;fshy; Md E}yhFk;.
1. rpe;jpay; 2. Fws; 3. Neupir
3. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;Nj vdg; ghbatu; _________
1. ghujpahu; 2. Rujh 3. ghujpjhrd;
4. Vyhjp _________ E}y;fSs; xd;W.
1. Nkw;fzf;F 2. fPof
; f; zf;F 3. fhg;gpak;
5. fzpNkjhtpahupd; fhyk;
1. rq;f fhyk; 2. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk; 3. ,ilf;fhyk;
6. kUe;Jg; nghUs;fishy; mikag; ngw;w ,UE}y;fspd; ngau;fis vOJf.
1. jpUf;Fws;> ed;D}y; 2. jpupfLfk;> Vyhjp 3. ew;wpiz> mfehD}W
7. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; _________ ehl;ilr; Nru;e;jtu;.
1. NrhoehL 2. NruehL 3. ghz;ba ehL
8. neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuk; vd;W ghbatu; _________
1. ftpkzp 2. ghujpjhrd; 3. ghujpahu;
9. FLk;g tpsf;F _________ gilj;j FWq;fhtpaq;fspy; xd;W.
1. ghujpahu; 2. ghujpjhrd; 3. Rujh
10. ghujpjhrdhu; _________ vd miof;fg;gLfpwhu;.
1. Gul;rpf;ftpQu; 2. Njrpaf; ftpQu; 3. ctikf; ftpQu;
11. MW fhz;lq;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; _________
1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 2. fk;guhkhazk; 3. rPwhg; Guhzk;
12. ruRtjp me;jhjp _________ ,aw;wpa E}y;fSs; xd;W.
1. fk;gu; 2. xl;lf;$j;ju; 3. GfNoe;jp
13. fk;giug; Gue;jtu; _________
1. xsitahu; 2. GfNoe;jp 3. rilag;g ts;sy;
14. ‘ey;” vd;Dk; milnkhop ngw;w E}y; _________
1. mfehD}W 2. fypj;njhif 3. ew;wpiz
15. ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jtu; _________
1. gd;dhL je;j khwd; tOjp 2. ,sk;ngUtOjp 3. cf;fpug; ngUtOjp
16. ew;wpiz _________ E}y;fisr; rhu;e;jJ.
1. gj;Jg;ghl;L 2. vl;Lj; njhif 3. gjpndz; fPof ; f
; zf;F
17. Nrf;fpohu; ngUkhd; mUspaJ _________
1. rptGuhzk; 2. ngupaGuhzk; 3. jyGuhzk;
18. jk; tPl;bYs;s midj;Jg; nghUs;fSf;Fk; ‘jpUehTf;fufu;” vdg; ngau; itj;jtu;
1. mg;G+jpabfshu; 2. khwehadhu; 3. jpUePyfz;lu;
19. gf;jpr; Rit edp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg; ghba ‘ftp tyt” vdg; ghbatu;
1. ng.Re;judhu; 2. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; 3. ftpQu; nt.,uhkypq;fdhu;
20. jpUehTf;furupd; fhyk; _________
1. fp.gp. 12Mk; E}w;whz;L 2. fp.gp. 7Mk; E}w;whz;L 3. fp.gp. 9Mk; E}w;whz;L
21. ‘ehkhu;fF ; k; Fbay;Nyhk;” vd;Dk; ,g;ghly;jhd; _________ ‘mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy” vdg;
ghlj;J}z;baJ.
1. ghujpjhrid 2. Rujhit 3. ghujpahiu
22. rPwhg;Guhzk; _________ fhz;lq;fisAilaJ.
1. %d;W 2. Ie;J 3. VO
23. Nfoy; vd;gjd; nghUs; _________
1. vUik 2. Gyp 3. gd;wp
24. rPwhg;Guhzj;ij ,aw;wpatu;
1. fk;gu; 2. ckWg;Gytu; 3. ghujpjhrd;
25. fypj;njhif vd;gJ _________ E}y;fspy; xd;W.
1. gj;Jg;ghl;L 2. vl;Lj;njhif 3. gjpndz; fPof ; f
; zf;F
26. nea;jy; fypiag; ghbatu; _________
1. Xuk;Nghfpahu; 2. fgpyu; 3. ey;ye;Jtdhu;
27. Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy; vd;gJ _________ vdg;gLk;.
2
1. nghiw 2. Kiw 3. epiw
28. ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; _________ tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W.
1. 96 2. 18 3. 10
29. giz vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; _________
1. muR 2. My; 3. %q;fpy;
30. ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapy; _________ ghRuq;fs; cs;sd.
1. 205 2. 105 3. 100
31. FyNrfuho;thu; ghly; _________ njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ.
1. jpUtpaw;gh 2. Kjyhapuk; 3. ngupajpUnkhop
Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf :

32. khzpf;fthrfu; gpwe;j Cu; _________
33. khzpf;fthrfu; ghly;fs; _________ jpUKiw vd toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.
34. khzpf;fthrfu; fl;ba Nfhtpy; _________ cs;sJ.
35. khzpf;fthrfu; jiyik mikr;ruhf _________ kd;duplk; gzpahw;wpdhu;.
36. [p.A. Nghg; jpUthrfj;ij _________ nkhopapy; nkhop ngau;j;jhu;.
37. jpUthrfj;jpw;F cUfhu; _________ cUfhu;.
38. jpUf;Fwspy; _________ mjpfhuq;fSk; _________ Fwl;ghf;fSk; cs;sd.
39. jpUf;Fws; _________ Kjyhd cyf nkhopfspy; nkhop ngau;ff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ.
40. xOf;fj;jpd; va;Jtu; _________ ,Of;fj;jpd; va;Jtu; _________ gop.
41. ,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;fs; vd;gd rpyg;gjpfhuKk; _________ MFk;.
42. rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy _________ tisahgjp _________ vd;gd Ik;ngUq; fhg;gpaq;fs; MFk;.
43. ew;wpiz xd;gJ mb rpw;nwy;iyAk; _________g; Ngnuy;iyAk; cilaJ.
44. mup vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; _________
45. Nghypg;Gytu;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgtu; _________
46. Nghypg; Gytu;fspd; jiyia ntl;Lgtu; _________
47. ,y;yhiu _________ vs;Stu;.
48. mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; _________ jPjpd;wp te;j nghUs;.
49. jpUehTf;furu; jkf;ifahu; _________ Mthu;.
50. jpUehTf;furu; mUspa ghly;fs; _________ vd miof;fg;gLk;.
51. rPwhg;Guhzk; ,aw;wpatu; _________
52. ckWg;Gytiu Mjupj;j ts;sy; _________
53. jhu;Nte;jd; Nfhy; Nehf;fp thOk; _________ Nghd;wpUe;NjNd.
54. ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy; _________ FyNrfuu; ghbajhFk;.
nghUj;Jf :
55. tpiu - cly; 70. tpj;J - GJtUtha;
56. foy; - ngUfp 71. ahzu; - tpij
57. jJk;gp - kzk; 72. tl;b - tay;
58. nka; - mzpfyd;
73. Nkjp - rptd;
59. mwj;Jg;ghy; - 25 mjpfhuq;fs; 74. re;jk; - vUik
60. nghUl;ghy; - 38 mjpfhuq;fs; 75. Nfhjpy; - moF
61. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 70 mjpfhuq;fs; 76. mq;fzu; - Fw;wkpy;yhj
62. Gfhu; fhz;lk; - 13 fhijfs; 77. fhd; - fub

63. kJiuf; fhz;lk; - 7 fhijfs; 78. cOit - rpq;fk;
64. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; - 10 fhijfs; 79. klq;fy; - Gyp
80. vz;F - fhL
65. ,lu; - epyT
66. ehtha; - Jd;gk; 81. gz;G - $wpaJ kwhmik
67. ,iw - glF 82. md;G - Ngijahu; nrhy;
68. ,e;J - jiytd; Nehd;wy;
83. mwpT - jd;fpis nrwhmik
69. nrW - gidNahiyg; ngl;b 84. nrwpT - ghlwpe;J xOfy;
3
ciueil
85. gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf; nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vdf; $wpatu; _________
1. jpU.tp.f. 2. c.Nt.rh 3. ghthzu;
86. ,d;iwa kJiuapy; _________ jkpo;r;rq;fk; ,Ue;jJ.
1. %d;whk; 2. ,uz;lhk; 3. Kjyhk;
87. murpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; ngz;fs; gzpahw;Wk;NghJ ek; r%fj;jpy; jiyfPo; Gul;rp Vw;gLk;
vd;wtu;.
1. jpU.tp.f 2. ngupahu; 3. ghujpjhrd;
88. ngz; mbik Mdjw;F cupa fhuzq;fSs; xd;W _________ ,y;yhik.
1. thf;Fupik 2. Ngr;Rupik 3. nrhj;Jupik
89. 1918,y; Kk;igapy; rpwpJ fhyk; _________ Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhu;.
1. tzpftpay; 2. mwptpay; 3. nghUspay;
90. mk;Ngj;fUf;F ,e;jpa muR toq;fpa tpUJ _________
1. gj;k= 2. ghuj uj;d h 3. gj;k tpG+\d;
91. Ez;zpa E}y;gy fw;wtu;f;Nf mike;j mupa fiy _________
1. Xtpaf; fiy 2. ,irf;fiy 3. Ngr;Rf;fiy
92. Nkilg; Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <u;j;jtu; _________
1. NguwpQu; mz;zh 2. K.tujuhrdhu; 3. fh.mg;ghJiuahu;
93. ‘gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngWk; E}y; _________
1. jpUthrfk; 2. jpUf;Fws; 3. Njthuk;
94. cyfk; vd;w jkpo;r; nrhy; _________ vd;w nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ.
1. cyF 2. cyT 3. csJ
95. jkpou;fs; epyj;ij _________ tifahfg; gpupj;Jf; fhl;bapUf;fpwhu;fs;.
1. %d;W 2. MW 3. Ie;J
96. fhe;jpabfs; _________ ghu;j;J cz;ikNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; vd;W cWjp nfhz;lhu;.
1. rputz gpJu;gj;jp ehlfk; 2. mupr;re;jpud; ehlfk; 3. gf;j gpufyhj ehlfk;
97. ‘giftdplKk; md;G fhl;L” vdf; $wpaE}y; _________
1. gftj; fPij 2. ed;D}y; 3. iggps;
98. mwnewpahfg; Nghw;wg;gl Ntz;bait _________, _________
1. Mlk;guk;> tPz; nryT 2. vspik> rpf;fdk; 3. md;G> mUs;
99. ‘cynfyhk; czu;e;J xjw;fupatd;” vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; _________
1. fe;j Guhzk; 2. rPwhg;Guhzk; 3. ngupa Guhzk;
100. ts;syhupd; ,aw;ngau; _________
1. rk;ge;ju; 2. ,uhkypq;fu; 3. jhAkhdtu;
101. ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj; jFjp _________
1. gj;jhk; tFg;G 2. gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;G 3. vl;lhk; tFg;G
102. tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk; vdf; $wpatu; _________
1. ghujpahu; 2. ghujpjhrd; 3. jhuhghujp

103. jkpou;> kdpj tho;it _________, _________ vdg; gpupj;jdu;.
104. Fkupf; fz;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; Ngrpa nkhop _________
105. 2004-Mk; Mz;L _________ jpq;fspy; jkpo; nkhopiar; nrk;nkhopahf eLtzuf mwptpj;jJ.
106. jkpo; kpfTk; gz;gl;l nkhopnadf; $wpa nkhopapy; mwpQu; _________ Mthu;.
107. jkpou;fsplk; ,d;W gutpAs;s _________ xd;W cz;L.
108. ngupahu; r%f _________ vjpu;j;jtu;; %lf; fUj;Jf;fis _________
109. ntWk; Ngr;Rf;Fk; _________ Ngr;Rf;Fk; NtWghL cz;L.
110. Ngr;R Kbtpy; _________ $wpf; fUj;ij epiy ehl;b Kbf;f Ntz;Lk;.
111. ebg;ghw;wy; kpf;ftiuAk; ebg;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiuAk; _________ vd miog;gu;.
112. glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpia _________ nghUj;JtJk; cz;L.
113. ,aq;FU glq;fs; ghu;gg ; jw;F _________ ,Uf;Fk;.
114. ,ny%upahit _________ vdf; Fwpg;gpLtu;.
115. jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU _________ jkpopdk;.
116. ‘midj;ijAk; ,og;gpDk; cz;ikia ,of;fpNyd;” vdf; $wpatu; _________
4
117. jpUf;Fwis nkhop ngau;j;Jf; fhe;jpabfSf;F mDg;gpa cUrpa mwpQu; _________
118. ,uhkypq;fu; rj;jpa jUk rhiyia epWtpa ,lk; _________
119. ,uhkypq;fu; jkpo; nkhopNa _________ jUk; vd;W fUjpdhu;.
120. rq;f fhyj;jpy; _________ fle;J nry;yf;$lhJ.
121. ehs;NjhWk; fy;tpapy; _________ cz;lhfpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.
122. fhtyu;> ,uhZtk; Nghd;w gzpfSf;F clw;$W Nju;Tk; _________ Nju;Tk; cz;L.
nghUj;Jf :
123. <];lk
; d; - xUtu; kl;Lk; ghu;f;Fk; fUtp
124. vbrd; - glr;RUs;
125. vl;tu;L ikgpupl;R - fUj;Jg;glk;
126. thy;l; b];dp - ,af;fg;glk;
127. rj;jpa Nrhjid - jpUts;Stu;

128. gftj; fPij - fpwpj;Jtr; rka E}y;
129. jpUf;Fws; - fhe;jpabfs;
130. iggps; - ,e;J rka E}y;
131. tpidNa Mltu;fF ; apu; FWe;njhif

132. Ke;euP ; tof;fk; kf^cNth by;iy- jpU%yu;
133. clk;ig tsu;jN ; jd;> capiu tsu;jN
; jd - FWe;njhif
134. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs; - ftpkzp
tpilfs; : 38. 133 : 1330

1. jpUts;Stkhiy 39. Mq;fpyk;> fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;
2. Fws; 40. Nkd;ik> va;jhg;
3. ghujpjhrd; 41. kzpNkfiyAk;
4. fPof
; f; zf;F 42. rPtfrpe;jhkzp> Fz;lyNfrp
5. rq;fk; kUtpa fhyk; 43. gd;dpuz;L mb
6. jpupfLfk;> Vyhjp 44. new;fjpu;
7. Nru ehL 45. mjptPuuhk ghz;bad;
8. ghujpahu; 46. xl;lf;$j;ju;
9. ghujpjhrd; 47. vy;yhUk;
10. Gul;rpftpQu; 48. jpwdwpe;J
11. fk;guhkhazk; 49. jpyftjpahu;
12. fk;gu; 50. jpUj;jhz;lfk;
13. rilag;g ts;sy; 51. ckWg;Gytu;
14. ew;wpiz 52. mGy; fhrpk;
15. gd;dhL je;j khwd; tOjp 53. Fb
16. vl;Lj; njhif 54. jpUtha;nkhop
17. ngupaGuhzk; 55. tpiu - kzk;
18. mg;G+jpabfshu; 56. Roy; - mzpfyd;
19. kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; 57. jJk;gp - ngUfp
20. fp.gp. 7Mk; E}w;whz;L 58. nka; - cly;
21. ghujpahiu 59. mwj;Jg;ghy; - 38 mjpfhuq;fs;
22. %d;W 60. nghUl;ghy; - 70 mjpfhuq;fs;
23. gd;wp 61. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 25 mjpfhuq;fs;
24. Kw;nwr;rk; 62. Gfhu; fhz;lk; - 10 fhijfs;
25. vl;Lj;njhif 63. kJiuf; fhz;lk; -13 fhijfs;
26. ey;ye;Jtdhu; 64. tQ;rpf; fhz;lk; - 7 fhijfs;
27. nghiw 65. ,iw - murd;
28. 96 66. ehtha; - glF
29. %q;fpy; 67. ,lu; - Jd;gk;
30. 105 68. ,e;J - epyT
31. Kjyha 69. nrW - tay;
32. jpUthjT+u; 70. tpj;J - tpij
33. vl;lhk; 71. ahzu; - GJ tUtha;
34. jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; 72. tl;b - gid Nahiyg;ngl;b
35. mupku;j;jd ghz;bad; 73. Nkjp - vUik
36. Mq;fpy 74. re;jk; - moF
37. xU thrfj;jpw;Fk; 75. Nfhjpy; - Fw;wkpy;yhj
5
107. ngUNeha;
76. mq;fzu; - rptd; 108. Kuz;fis> Kl;lWj;jtu;
77. fhd; - fhL 109. Nkilg;
78. cOit - Gyp 110. fUf;fj;ijf;
79. klq;fy; - rpq;fk; 111. ,af;Feu;
80. vz;F - fub 112. gPlj;jpy;
81. gz;G - ghlwpe;JxOfy; 113. Ntbf;ifahf
82. md;G - fpisnrwhmik 114. kdpj ehfupfk; tsu;e;j njhl;by;
83. mwpT - Ngijahu; nrhy;Nehd;wy; 115. jdpapdk;
84. nrwpT - $wp 116. mupr;re;jpud;
85. ghthzu; 117. jhy;Rjha;
86. %d;whk; 118. tlY}u;
87. ngupahu; 119. ,wthj epiy
88. nrhj;Jupik 120. fly;
89. nghUspay; 121. GJg;GJj; Jiwfs;
90. ghuj uj;dh 122. vOj;Jj;
91. Ngr;Rf;fiy 123. <];lk ; d; - glr;RUs;
92. NguwpQu; mz;zh 124. vbrd; - xUtu; kl;Lk; ghu;fF ; k; fUtp
93. Njthuk; 125. vl;tu;L ikgpupl;R - ,af;fg;glk;
94. cyT 126. thy;lb ; ];dp - fUj;Jg;glk;
95. Ie;J 127. rj;jpaNrhjid - fhe;jpabfs;
96. mupr;re;jpu ehlfk; 128. gftj; fPij - ,e;J rka E}y;
97. iggps; 129. jpUf;Fws; - jpUts;Stu;
98. vspik> rpf;fdk; 130. iggps; - fpwpj;Jtr; rka E}y;
99. ngupaGuhzk; 131. tpidNa Mltu;fF ; apu - FWe;njhif
100. ,uhkypq;fu; 132. Ke;euP ; tof;fk; kf^cNth by;iy -
101. gd;dpuz;lhk; tFg;G njhy;fhg;gpau;
102. jhuhghujp 133. clk;igtsu;jN ; jd;> capu; tsu;jN; jd; -
103. mfk;> Gwk; jpU%yu;
104. jkpo; 134. ifj;njhopy; xd;iwf; fw;Wf;nfhs; -
105. mf;Nlhgu; ftpkzp
106. khf;]; Ky;tu;
(tpdh vz;. 17
17 Kjy; 20 Kba tpdhj;njhlu; mikj;jy;) rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;
1. ngz;fs; cupik ngw;Wg; GJ cyifg; gilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpatu; ngupahu;.
ngupahu; vij tpUk;gpdhu;?
2. njhopy;El;gg; gapyfj;jpy; gapy;NthUf;F epiwa Ntiytha;gG; fs; cs;sd.
vjpy; gapy;NthUf;F epiwa Ntiytha;gG ; fs; cs;sd?
3. jkpou;fs; muG ehl;LlDk; atd ehl;LlDk; thzpfj; njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu;.
jkpou;fs; vt;ntt; ehLfSld; thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe;jdu; jdu;?
4. jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l xsp> xypg; glf;fUtp gad;gLfpwJ.
jpiuauq;Ffspy; jpiug;glk; fhl;l vf;fUtpgad;gLfpwJ?
FW tpdhf;fs; (tpdh vz;. 21 Kjy; 27 Kba nra;As; gFjp vitNaDk; Ie;J tpil vOJf)
1. jpUts;StUf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngau;fs; ahit?
Kjw;ghtyu;> ngha;apy;Gytu;> nja;tg;Gytu;> ngUehtyu;> nre;ehg;Nghjhu;> Njtu;.
2. ghujpjhrd; jpUts;Stiu vt;thW Gfo;e;Js;shu;?
‘jpUts;Stidg; ngw;wjhy; ngw;wNj Gfo; itafNk” vd;W jpUts;Stiug; ghujpjhrd;
Gfo;e;Js;shu;.
3. mg;G+jpabfshu; vj;jifa gz;ghsu;?
mg;G+jpabfs; fsT> ngha;> fhkk;> rpdk; Kjypa Fw;wq;fs; ePqf; patu;;
4. mg;G+jpabfs; vt;nttw;wpw;nfy;yhk; jpUehTf;fuR vdg; ngau; itj;jhu;?
mg;G+jpabfs; jk; tPlb; Ys;s msT fUtpfs;> epWf;Fk; Nfhy;> kf;fs;> gRf;fs;> vUikfs; ,d;d gpw
nghUs;fSf;nfy;yhk; jpUehTf;furu; vdg; ngau; itj;jhu;.
5. ‘Ek;Ngu; vOjhNj NtnwhUtu; Kd;ndOj Ntz;ba fhuzk; vd;nfhy;?” - ahu; ahuplk; $wpaJ.
jpUehTf;furu;> mg;G+jpabfsplk; ,t;thW Nfl;lhu;.
6. ‘,g;NghJ ,q;F mtd; cjthd;” - ahu;> ahuplk; $wpaJ?
mg;G+jpabfs;> jpUehTf;furuplk; ,t;thW $wpdhu;.
7. taypd; tug;
tug;Gfshff; $wg;gLtd ahit?
ntz;gh> Mrpupag;gh> fypg;gh> tQ;rpg;gh.
8. tay; jUk; tpisTfs; ahit?
mwk; nghUs; ,d;gk; tPL
9. Nghyp Gytu;fisj; jz;bg;Nghu; ahtu;?
6
1. Nghypg;Gytu;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgtu; mjtPu uhk ghz;bad;.

2. Nghypg;Gytu;fspd; nrtpia mWg;gtu; tpy;ypGj;J}uhu;.
3. Nghypg;Gytu;fspd; jiyia ntl;Lgtu; xl;lf;$j;ju;.
10.
10. ‘Njthuk;” - nghUs; $Wf.
nja;tj; jd;ikAila ,irg;ghly;fs;. nja;tj;jpw;Fr; #l;lg;ngWk; ghkhiy> vd ,Utifahfg;
nghUs; nfhs;syhk;.
11. Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ?
Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ tUe;jp te;Njhu;fF ; cjTjy;.
12. gz;G vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
gz;G vdg;gLtJ rhd;Nwhu; top mwpe;J xOFjy;.
13. mwpT vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
mwpT vdg;gLtJ mwptw;wtu; $Wk; nrhw;fisg; nghWj;jy;.
14. fyk;gf E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y; vJ?
ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;.
15. ee;jpf; fyk;gf cWg;Gfs; ehd;fis vOJf.
GatFg;G> mk;khid> Cry;> kwk; (tPuk;)
16. ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ahu; kPJ ghlg; ngw;wJ?
gy;yt kd;dd; %d;whk; ee;jptu;kd; kPJ ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ghlg;ngw;wJ.
17. ee;jptu;kd; tPuk; vj;jifaJ?

mwptpy;yhj gifauru;fs; ee;jpapd; jhkiu Nghd;w jpUtbfis tzq;fhtpby; mtu; nfhy;yg;gl;Lj;
Njtu; cyfk; nry;tu;. mj;jifa tPuk; epiwe;jtd; ee;jptu;kd;.
18. Mo;thu;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;gpd; ngau; vd;d?
ehyhapu jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;.
19. FyNrfuho;thu; vt;ntk;nkhopfspy; ty;ytu;?
tlnkhop> jkpo;
(tpdh vz;. 28 Kjy; 34 Kba ciueilg;gFjp Fjp vitNaDk; Ie;J tpilfs; vOJf)
1. cyfpy; cs;s nkhopfSs; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsKila nkhopfs; ahit?
,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsKila nkhopfs; %thapuk; MFk;.
2. jkpo;nkhop Fwpj;J lhf;lu; vkpNdh $WtJ ahJ?
‘kdpj czu;Tfis vz;zp vz;zpahq;F czu;j;jty;y nkhopahfj; jkpo;nkhop mike;Js;sJ”
vd;gJ nkhopapay; Nkij lhf;lu; vkpNdhtpd; fUj;J MFk;.
3. jkpo; nkhopapd; jdpj;jd;ikfis vOJf.
jkpo; nkhop jdf;nfdj; jdpNehf;Fk;> Nghf;Fk; cila nkhopf; Nfhl;ghLfisj; jd;Ds; nfhz;L
,aq;Fk; nkhop.
4. nkhopkhw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?
xU nkhopg;glj;ij kw;w nkhopfspy; khw;wp mikf;Fk; Kiw ‘nkhop khw;wk;” vd;gu;.
5. fy;tpg; glq;fs; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?
fy;tpg; glq;fs; thapyhfg; gy;tif tpyq;Ffspd; tho;fi ; f> gd;d hl;L kf;fspd; tho;fi
; f> Neupy; fhz
Kbahj gy ,lq;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wpf; fz;L njupe;J nfhs;s KbfpwJ.
6. nfhLq;flyhy; nfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs; ahit?
1. ,ny%upahf; fz;lk; 2. Fkupkiy> Fkup MW> g‡Wsp. ,it nfhLq;flyhy; nfhs;sg;gl;l
gFjpfshFk;.
7. Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; $Wk; E}y;fs; ahit?
1. gl;bdg;ghy 2. kJiuf; fhQ;rp
8. Qhyk; ngau;f; fhuzk; jUf.
Qhyk; vd;Dk; jkpo;r;nrhy; ‘Qhy;” vd;gjw;Fj; njhq;Fjy; vd;gJ nghUs;. vt;tpjg; gw;Wf; NfhLkpd;wp
mz;l ntspapy; cyfk; njhq;fpf; nfhz;bUg;gij ,‡J czu;j;Jfpd;wJ.
9. Neha; tUtjw;fhd fhuzk; gw;wpj; jpUts;Stu; $WtJ vd;d?
clypy; thjk;> gpj;jk;> rpNyj;Jkk; Mfpa %d;wDs; VNjDk; xd;W msT Fiwe;jhy; Neha; tUk;.
10.
10. fhe;jpabfisf; ftu;e;j F[uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J ahJ?
1. jhfj;jpw;F ePu; jUtjpy; xd;Wkpy;iy; jPik nra;jtUf;Fk; ed;ikNa nra;> cz;ikg; nghUz;ik
cz;L. ,g;ghly; ‘,d;d h nra;ahik” vd;Dk; fUj;ij mtUs; tpijj;jJ.
11.
11. fhe;jpabfSf;F ,sk; gUtj;jpNyNa ,ay;ghf mike;j cau; gz;Gfs; ahit?
md;G> cz;ik> cWjp> ,d;dh nra;ahik vd;gdthFk;.
12.
12. fhe;jpabfspd; mwtopg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;fq;fs; ahit?
fju; ,af;fk;> kJtpyf;F> jPzl ; hik xopg;G Mfpa ,af;fq;fs; gutpd.
13.
13. fhe;jpabfs; vjidg; ghtk; vd;fpwhu;?
fhe;jpabfs; gfl;lhd tho;fi ; fiag;; ghtk; vd;fpwhu;.
7
14.
14. vtw;iw mwnewpahfg; Nghw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W fhe;jpabfs; $Wfpwhu;?
,d;nrhy;> <if mwnkdg;gLk;. mJNghy vspik> rpf;fdk; Mfpatw;iwAk; mwnewpahfg; Nghw;w
Ntz;Lk;.
15.
15. ,e;jpahtpd; tho;T Fwpj;Jf; fhe;
fhe;jpabfs; $WtJ ahJ?
1. ‘,e;jpahtpd; tho;T vd;gJ ,yl;rf;fzf;fhd fpuhkq;fspd; tho;Tjhd;.
2. me;jf; fpuhkq;fspd; tho;T> me;j ehl;bd; cotu;fs;> ,isQu;fs; MfpNahu; iffspy; jhd; cs;sJ”
vd;W fhe;jpabfs; ,e;jphatpd; tho;T Fwpj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;.
16.
16. ts;syhupd; Kof;
Koff; k; ahJ?
‘mUl;ngUQ;Nrhjp jdpg;ngUq; fUiz” vd;gNj ts;syhupd; Kof;fk;.
17.
17. rj;jpa jUk rhiyapy; ts;syhu; nra;j njhz;L ahJ?
cztpd;wpg; grpahy; thb ,isj;jtiuf; fz;L kdk; Jbj;j ts;syhu;; tlY}u; rj;jpa jUk rhiyia
epWtpdhu;.
tpdh vz;. 35 Kjy; 44 Kba rpWtpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. ,ay; 2> 3> 4> 7 Mfpatw;iwg; gapw;rp ngWf.
tpdh vz. 45 (nra;ASzu; nghUs; jpwd; gapw;rp) ew;wpiz> GwehD}W> jkpo; tpL J}J> fypj;njhif>
ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;> ehyhapuj;jpt;a gpuge;jk;> epw;f Neukpy;iy Nghd;w ghly;fspypUe;J nra;As; mbfs; jug;gl;L
Ie;
Ie;J tpdhf;fs; jug;gLk;)
v.fh. mupfhy; khwpa mq;fz; mfy;tay;
kWfhy; cOj <ur; nrWtpdh
tpj;NjhL nrd;w tl;b gw;gy
kPNdhL ngaUk; ahzu; Cu
tpdhf;
tpdhf;fs; : 1. ,g;ghly; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? (ew;wpiz)
2. new;fjpu;fis mWtil nra;Nthu; ahu;? (cotu;)
3. ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G jUf (Gz; fz;) (gz;Gj;njhif)
4. ,g;ghlypy; mike;j Nkhidfis vLj;njOJf. mupfhy;> mq;fz;)
(m
5. ,g;ghlypyd; jpiz ahJ? (kUjj; jpiz)
tpdh vz;. 46 (ciueilg; gFjpapypUe;J xU gj;jp nfhLf;fg;gl;L mg;gFjp rhu;e;J Ie;J tpdhf;fs;
Nfl;fg;gLk; nghUj;jk;khd tpilia ed;F gbj;Jzu;e;J vOj Ntz;Lk;)
v.fh mk;Ngj;fu; Nkiy ehLfspy; fy;tp gapd;wNghJ> Gfo;tha;e;j Nguhrpupau; gyUld; el;Gf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.
,tu; vOjpa ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpag; gq;F tPjk; vd;Dk; E}iyg; nghUshjhuj;jpy; rpwe;j E}yhff; fUjpg;
nghUspay; ty;Yeu;fSk;> Nguhrpupau;fSk; ngupJk; kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpdhu;fs;. njhopy; Jiwapy;
nghUshjhu tsu;rr ; p miltjw;Fg; Gjpa Gjpa fUj;Jfis mk;Ngj;fu; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;.
tpdhf;fs; : tpil :
1. mk;Ngj;fu; vOjpa E}y; vJ? Njrpag;gq;F tPjk;
2. ,g;gj;jpapy; Kjy; tupapy; mike;j vOtha; vJ? mk;Ngj;fu;
3. mk;Ngj;fu; vq;F fy;tp gapd;whu;? NkiyehLfs;
4. nghUspay; - gpupj;njOJf. nghUs; + ,ay;
5. mk;Ngj;fu; vj;Jiwapy; ty;Yenud ,g;gj;jpapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ? nghUshjhuk;
neLtpdhf;fs; : (tpdh vz; 47 kw;Wk; 48)

(47 Mk; tpdh nra;Al;gFjpapypUe;Jk;> 48 Mk; tpdh ciueilg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; Nfl;fg;gLk;)
rpy Kf;fpakhd tpdhf;fs; :

1. xOf;fKilik gw;wp ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.
xOf;fKilik : xOf;f tho;Nt cau;ntyhk; ey;Fk;
(m) xOf;fj;jpd; cau;T
∗ xOf;fk; cau;e;j rpwg;igf; nfhLf;Fk;. mjdhy; xOf;fj;ij capupDk; Nkyhff; fUjpf; fhf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
∗ xOf;fNk rpwe;j JizahFk;. tUe;jpahtJ xOf;fj;ij tpUk;gpf; fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
(M) xOf;fj;jpd; Fzk;
∗ cau;Fbg; gpwg;ghff; fUjg;gLk; xOf;fKilNahu; Nkd;ik miltu;. fy;tpiag; Nghy
xOf;fj;ij kPzL ; k; fw;Wf;nfhs;s ,ayhJ.
(,) xOf;fkpd;ikahy; tUk; Fw;wk;
∗ ,opFbg; gpwg;ghff; fUjg;gLk; xOf;fkpy;yhNjhuplk; cau;T ,Uf;fhJ. milaf; $lhj gopia
milAk; mtupd; Fbg;gpwg;gpd; rpwg;Gk; mope;J NghFk;.
(<) xOf;fj;jpd; tpisT
∗ ed;ikf;F tpij ey;nyhOf;fk; Jd;gj;ijNa tpisthfj; jUtJ jPnahOf;fk;
(c) xOf;fKilahupd; nrhy;Yk; nraYk;
∗ ey;nyhOf;fk; cilahu; jPikjUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhy;y khl;lhu;.
8
∗ cyfj;Jr; rhd;Nwhu; topapy; thOk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjtu; gy E}y;fisf; fw;wtuhapDk;

mwptw;wtNuahthu;.
2. fhykwpjiy ts;Stu; top epd;W tpsf;Ff.

fhykwpjy; : fhyk; Nghw;wpd; fUjpait ngwyhk;
(m) fhykwpjypd; rpwg;G
∗ jd;dpDk; typa Nfhl;lhidf; fhf;if gfypy; ntd;W tpLk;. mijg;Nghy; giftiu nty;yf;
fUJgtu; fhykwpe;J nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
(M) fhykwpjypd; gad;
∗ nry;tj;ij ePqf ; hky; fl;Lk; fapwhfTk; nra;jw;fupa nray;fs; nra;aTk; fhykwpe;J
gad;gLfpwJ.
∗ fhykwpe;J nray;gLgtu; cyfj;ijNa mila tpUk;gpdhYk; mJ if$LtNjhL cyfk;
KOtijAk; MSthu;.
(,) fhykwpjypd; rpwg;G

∗ Ml;Lf;flh jd; gifiaj; jhf;Ftjw;Fg; gpd; thq;Ftijg; Nghy Cf;fKilahu; jf;f
fhyj;jpid vjpu;ghu;j;Jf; fhj;jpUg;gu;.
(<) giftiu vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Kiw
∗ giftu; jPqF ; nra;jhy;> mwpTilahu; jkJ rpdj;ij clNd ntspg;gLj;jhky; jf;f fhyk;
Nehf;fp cs;Ns rpde;J ,Ug;gu;. giftiug; ghu;f;ifapy; gzpNthL ,Ug;gu;.
(c) fhykwpjiyg; gad;gLj;jy;
∗ tha;gG; fpilf;ifapy; mupa nray;fisr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. nfhf;F tha;g;G tUk; tiu
fhj;jpUj;jiyg; Nghy ehKk; fhj;jpUe;J nray;nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
3. ngupahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly; Fwpj;J ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

ngupahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly; : ngupahupd; JizNa ngupa typik
(m) ngupahuJ ,yf;fzk;
∗ mwnewpia mwpe;j %j;j mwpTilahNu ngupahu; mtu;jk; el;gpid Muha;e;J mwpe;J
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
(M) Jd;gk; Nghf;Fgtu;
∗ jk; Jd;gj;ijAk; Nghf;fp> Jd;gj;ij Kd;ghfNt fhf;Fk; jd;ikAila ngupahiug; Nghw;wp
el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
(,) ngupahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;tjd; rpwg;G
∗ ngupahupd; cwNt cupa NgwhFk;. mJNt typikfspy; rpwe;j typikahFk;.
∗ jf;f topfis Muha;e;J $Wk; cyfk; Nghw;Wk; mwpQu;fis kd;dd; el;ghf;fpf; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;.
(<) ngupahiuj; Jizf;Nfhlypd; gad;
∗ ngupahiuj; Jizf; nfhs;gtUf;F giftuhy; jPqf ; py;iy mtu; tho;itf; nfLf;Fk;
typikAilatu; vtUkpyu;.
(c) ngupahiuj; Jizf;nfhs;shjjd; Fw;wk;
∗ ,bj;Jj; jpUj;Jk; ngupahupd; Jizapy;yh murd; giftu; ,y;iynadpDk; jhNd
nfl;lopthd;.
∗ Kjypyhu;fF ; Cjpak; ,y;yhjijg; Nghy ngupahu; Jizapy;yhjtu;fF
; epiyj;j jd;ik ,y;iy
∗ ey;ytupd; el;igf; iftpLtJ gyiug; gifj;Jf; nfhs;tijtpl gd;klq;F jPikjUk;.
4. nghUs; nray;tif mjpfhuf; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

nghUs; nray;tif : mwtopg; nghUshy; Mf;fk; ngUFk;
(m) nghUspd; rpwg;G
∗ xU nghUl;lhf kjpf;fj;jfhjtiuAk; gpwu; kjpf;FkhW nra;tjpy; nghUSf;F ,iz
NtnwJTk; ,y;iy.
∗ nry;tiu midtUk; rpwg;gpg;gu;. nry;ykw;wtiu midtUk; ,fo;tu;.
∗ nry;tk; vd;Dk; mizahtpsf;F epidj;j ,lnkyhk; nrd;W gifapUisg; Nghf;Fk;.
(M) nghUsPlL; k; newp
∗ ey;topapy; <l;ba nghUs; mwj;ijAk; ,d;gj;ijAk; jUk; mUSk; md;Gk; ,y;yhky; gpw
topapy; <l;ba nghUis gw;whky; ePfF
; jy; Ntz;Lk;.
∗ muRupikahy; te;j nghUs;> tupg;gzk;> giftiu ntd;w jpiwg;nghUs; ,k;%d;Wk;
murDf;Fupa nghUs;fshFk;.
(,) nghUspd; gad;
9
∗ nghUs; vd;Dk; tsu;gG

; j;jhahy; Ngzg;gLk; md;Gj;jha; ngw;w mUs; Foe;ij nfhz;L
xUtd; nra;Ak; nrayhdJ Fd;wpd; Nky; epd;W ahidg;Nghiuf; fhz;gjw;F xg;ghFk;.
∗ giftupd; nrUf;if mfw;Wk; MAjkhd nghUis ey;topapy; <l;batu;f;F mwKk; ,d;gKk;
xUNruf; if$Lk;.
5. ‘Njuh kd;dh’ vd tpspj;Jf; fz;zfp $wpad ahit?

Njuh kd;dd;
dd;
∗ fz;zfp ghz;ba kd;did Nehf;fp> Muha;e;J mwpe;J ePjp toq;fhj kd;dNd! cd;dplk;
$WtJ xd;W cz;L Nfs;! vd ciuf;fj; njhlq;fpdhs;.
Gwhtpd; Jau; ePff
; pa rpgpr; rf;futu;j;jp
∗ ,fo;jy; ,y;yhr; rpwg;gpidAila Njtu;fSk; tpaf;FkhW Gwhtpw;fhfj; jd; jirfis
fOfpw;F mWj;Jf;nfhLj;Jf; fhj;jtd; rpgpr;rf;futu;j;jp
fd;wpd; Jau; Nghf;fpa kDePjpr;
jpr;Nrhod;
∗ jd; muz;kid thapypy; ,Ue;j Muha;r;rp kzpapd; Xiriaf; Nfl;Lg; gRtpd; Jaiu mwpe;J
jd; kfidNa Nju;ff ; hypy; ,l;Lf; nfhd;wtd; kDePjpr;Nrhod;.
CUk; Co;tpidAk;
∗ rpgpAk; kDePjpr;NrhoDk; tho;e;j Gfhu; efuNk ahd; gpwe;j Cu;. mt;T+upy; gopapy;yhr;
rpwg;Gila tzpfd; khrhj;Jthd; kfid kzk; Gupe;Njd;.
∗ tPuf; foyzpe;j kd;dNd! tpjpapd; gadhy; tho;tjw;fhf epd; kJiuf;F te;J vd; fhy;
rpyk;gpid tpw;f Kad;W cd;dhy; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;l Nfhtyd; kidtp ehd;. fz;zfp
vd;gJ vd; ngau; vd;W $wpdhs;.
6. FfDf;Fk; ,uhkDf;Fk; eilngw;w ciuahliyj; njhFj;njOJf

Ffdpd; gzpT
∗ jk;ikf; fhz te;j Ffid Nehf;fp ,uhkd; ‘,q;Nf mku;f” vd;W $wpAk; ,uhkddpd;
ngUik fUjpa Ffd; mkutpy;iy.
NjDk; kPDk;
∗ md;Ng tbthd Ffd; ,uhkd; cs;spl;NlhUf;F czthf mikAk;gb NjidAk; kPidAk;
gf;Ftg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L te;J ‘,jid Vw;Wf; nfhs;f” vd;W Ntz;bdhd;.
mKnjd
mKnjd Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sjy;
∗ cs;sj;jpy; vOe;j cz;ikahd md;gpdhy; nfhz;Lte;j ,g;nghUl;fs; fpilj;jw;fupad.
mKjj;ij tplr; rpwe;jd. J}a;ikahditNa> vk; Nghd;Nwhu;fF ; k; cupad. ,it ehq;fs;
tpUk;gp cz;ljw;Fr; rkk;” vd;whd; ,uhkd;.
Ffdpd; Ntz;LNfhs;
∗ ,t;Tyfk; midj;jpw;Fk; nry;tk; Nghd;wtNd! jq;fis ,j;jtf; Nfhyj;jpy; ghu;j;j vdJ
fz;fis vLf;f Kbahj epiyapy; cs;s fs;td; ehd;.
∗ ,k;kdj;JaUld; vd; ,Ug;gplk; nry;yj; JzpNad;. cq;fSf;F Ntz;ba njhz;Lfisr;
nra;Ntd; vd;whd; Ffd;.
,uhkdpd; rNfhjuj;
rNfhjuj;Jtk;
∗ ,uhkd; Ffid Nehf;fp> ‘vd; ,dpa ez;gNd! ,t;tplj;jpy; vk;NkhL ,Ug;ghahf” vd;whd;.
∗ eP vd; capu; Nghd;wtd;> ,yf;Ftd; cd; jk;gp> rPij cd; nfhOe;jp> ePu; #o;e;j ,g;gFjp
cd;DilaJ. ehd; cdJ MSikf;Fupatd;>” vd;whd;.
∗ NkYk;> ‘Kd;du; ehq;fs; cld; gpwe;Njhu; ehy;tuha; ,Ue;Njhk;. tpupe;j md;gpdhy; ,dp
cd;NdhL ItuhNdhk;” vd;whd;.
ciueil :
1. nrk;nkhopf;Fupa jFjpg;ghLfSs; vitNaDk; Ie;jpid tpsf;fp vOJf.
nrk;nkhopf;Fupa jFjpg;ghLfs;
1) njhd;ik 2) gpwnkhopj;jhf;fkpd;ik 3) jha;ik 4) jdpj;jd;ik 5) ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsk;
6) nghJikg;gz;G 7) eLTepiyik 8) gz;ghL> fiy> gl;lwpT ntspg;ghL 9) cau;e;j rpe;jid
10) fiy ,yf;fpaj; jdpj;jd;ik ntspg;ghL 11) nkhopf;Nfhl;ghL
1. njhd;ik
∗ Kjy; khe;jd; Ngrpa nkhop jkpNo Kjy; ,ilr;rq;fq;fs; FkupapYk; filr;rq;fk;
njd;kJiuapYk; elj;jg;gl;lJ.
∗ %thapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd; Njhd;wpa jkpopd; njhd;ik fUjp ‘vd;WKs njd;jkpo;”
vd;fpwhu; fk;gu;.
10
2. gpwnkhopj; jhf;fkpd;ik
∗ vz;zw;w Ntu;rn ; rhw;fisf; nfhz;L GJf; fiyr;nrhw;fis cUthf;Fk; jkpo;nkhop kl;LNk
gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePff; pdhYk; ,aq;fty;yJ. gpwnkhopfspy; ,j;jd;ik ,y;iy.
3. jha;ik
∗ Mapuj;J vz;Z}W nkhopfSf;F Ntu;rn ; rhw;fisAk; E}w;nwd;gJ nkhopfSf;F cwTg;
ngau;fisAk; je;J cyf nkhopfSf;Fj; jhahfj; jkpo; jpfo;fpwJ.
4. jdpj;jd;ik
∗ Kj;jkpo;f; fhg;gpakhfTk; mfk;> Gwk; vd tho;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jJk; xg;gw;w tho;tpay;
newpahd jpUf;Fws; je;jJk; jkpopd; jdpj;jd;ikahFk;.
5. ,yf;fpa ,yf;fz tsk;
∗ rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fspd; jdpr;rpwg;G NtW vk;nkhopapYk; ,y;iy.
∗ jkpo;nkhop ,yf;fzj;jpd; Ed;ik> ,dpik> tsik> goik> Ie;jpyf;fzj;jd;ik
Nghw;Wjw;FupaJ.
2. mk;Ngj;fu; vj;jifa ,e;jpahitf; fhz tpUk;gpdhu;

mk;Ngj;fupd; vz;zk;
∗ rhjp Ngjkw;w epiyiaAk;> Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; nfhz;l r%fj;ij vjpu;
Nehf;fpdhu; mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu;.
rhjpiaf; fisjy;
∗ fisg;gl Ntz;ba fisahf> ed;ikjuhj> jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Nehahd rhjp ,e;jpahit
tpl;L tpul;lg;gl Ntz;Lnkd mk;Ngj;fu; tpUk;gpdhu;.
,yl;rpa r%fk;
∗ Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> Mfpatw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,yl;rpa r%fk;
,e;jpahtpy; mika tpUk;gpdhu;.
∗ RNar;irahf elkhLk; cupikAk;> capiuAk;> clikiaAk; ghJfhf;Fk; cupikAk; Rje;jpuk;
vdTk;> vy;yh kdpjiuAk; xNu khjpupahf elj;JtJ rkj;Jtk; vdTk;. rdehafj;jpd;
kWngau;jhd; rNfhjuj;Jtk; vdTk; tpsf;fk; je;jhu;.
mk;Ngj;fupd; tpUg;gk;
∗ rhjp mfd;W r%fj;jpd; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; cau;epiyf; fhz tpUk;gpdhu; mz;zy;
mk;Ngj;fu;.
3. jkpod; mwptpaypd; Kd;Ndhb vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

tpz;zpaywpT
∗ cyfk; cUz;ilnad;Dk; fUj;jjpid gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bw;Fg; gpd;Ng Nkiy ehl;bdu;
cWjp nra;jdu;. Mdhy; jkpopyf;fpaq;fs; ,jw;F Kd;Ng mz;lgug;G> Nfhs;fs; gw;wp
$wpAs;sd jpUthrfj;jpd; ‘mz;lg; gFjpapd; cz;ilg; gpwf;fk;” vd;w njhlu; ,ij cWjp
nra;fpwJ.
∗ Rw;Wjy; vd;w nghUSila cyT vd;w nrhy;ypUe;J Njhd;wpaNj cyfk; vd;w nrhy;yhFk;.
cyfk; jd;idAk; Qhapw;iwAk; Rw;wp tUfpwJ vd;gJ md;Nw jkpou;fl;Fj; njupe;jpUe;jJ.
∗ cyfk; vt;tpjg; gw;Wf;NfhLkpd;wp mz;lj;jpy; njhq;Ftjhy;> njhq;Fjy; vd;w nghUSila
Qhy; vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J Qhyk; vdg; ngaupl;ldu;.
nghwpapay; mwpT
∗ fUk;G gpopAk; ve;jpuk;> epyj;jb ePiu cwpQ;Rk; ,ae;jpuk;> Mo;Jisf; fpzW ,Ue;jik Nghd;w
nra;jpfs; gjpw;Wg;gj;J kw;Wk; ngUq;fij Nghd;w E}y;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
fdpktpay; mwpT
∗ Itif kzpfSk; xsptpLk; jpwj;jpdhy; ntt;NtW ngau; ngw;wd vd;gJk; mtw;wpd; %yg;
nghUs; xd;Nw vd;gij rpyg;gjpfhuk; $WfpwJ.
kz;zpay; mwpT
∗ epwj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nrk;kz; vdTk;> Ritapd; mbg;gilapy; ctu; epyk; vdTk;> jd;ik
mbg;gilapy; fsu; epyk; vdTk; jkpou;fs; jk; thoplq;fis ghFgLj;jpapUe;jdu;.
mZtpay; mwpT
∗ mZr;Nru;fi ; f> mZg;gpupg;G Nghd;w fUj;Jfs; ‘Xu; mZtpidr; rj$wpl;l NfhzpDk; vd;w
fk;gdpd; tupfs; thapyhf mwpfpNwhk;.
ePupay; mwpT
∗ epu;r;Row;rpapid ts;Sik mofhf vLj;jpak;GfpwJ.
kUj;JtJt mwpT
∗ kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; vd;w Fws;tupfs; %yk; kUj;Jtj; njhd;ikia mwpayhk;.
11
4. fhe;jpabfs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;iffis njhFj;J vOJf

mfpk;ir top
∗ td;Kiwia mwtopapy;jhd; jLf;f KbAk;> mwtopapy; ngw;w tpLjiyNa epiyf;Fk; vd;w
nfhs;ifapd;gb fhe;jpabfs; mwg;Nghu; Kiwiaj; Nju;en ; jLj;jhu;.
vspik
∗ gfl;lhd tho;itg; ghtk; vd;w fhe;jpabfs; jk; fopTfisj; jhNk mfw;wpAk;> vg;nghUisAk;
tPzhf;fhky; gad;gLj;jpAk; Kd; khjpup tho;T tho;e;J fhl;bdhu;.
kdpj Neak;
∗ kfhj;khthf cau;e;J epd;w fhe;jpabfs; kdpjNuhL gpw capu;fisAk; cld;gpwg;Gfshff;
fUjpdhu;. ehd; nkhopahy; F[uhj;jpad;> ehl;lhy; ,e;jpad;> cyfepiyapy; cyfd;. Mdhy;
kdpj NeaKs;s kdpjd; vd;Wk; NjrhgpkhdKk; kdpjhgpkhdKk; xd;Nw vd;whu; fhe;jpabfs;.
,d;dh nra;ahik
∗ njd; Mg;gpupf;fhtpy; rpiwapy; ,Ue;j NghJ jd; ifahNyNa nrUg;G xd;iwj; ijj;J mjid
jd;idr; rpiwapyilj;j ];kl;]; vd;ghUf;Nf md;gspg;ghf toq;fpdhu;. ,d;dh nra;jhu;fF
; k;
,dpait nra;a tpUk;gpatu; mz;zy; fhe;jpabfs;.
5. njhopw;fy;tp> njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp Fwpj;J tpupthf vOJf

njhopw;fy;tp
∗ tpz;zg;gk; nra;jy; : Nkdpiyf; fy;tpapy; ngWk; cau;kjpg;ngz; mbg;gilapy;
tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;.
∗ Nju;T nra;ag;gLk; Kiw : fye;jha;T %yk; Nju;T nra;ag;Ltu;.
∗ tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; Jiwfs; : kUj;Jtk;> nghwpapay;> Ntshz;ik> rl;lk;
∗ tsu;e;J tUk; Jiwfs; : capu;jn ; jhopy;El;gj; Jiw> Ez;zpay; njhopy;El;gj;Jiw
∗ Ntiytha;gG ; j; Jiwfs; : Rw;Wr;#oy;> Ntshz;ik> kUj;Jtk;
njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp
∗ tpz;zg;gk; nra;jy; : gj;jhk; tFg;gpy; Nju;r;rp ngw;Nwhu; tpz;zg;gpf;fyhk;
∗ Nru;f;if : jhk; ngWk; cau; kjpg;ngz;fSf;Nfw;g gy;NtW Jiwfspy; Nruyhk;.
∗ gbf;Fk; Jiwfs; : nghwpapay; Jiwapy; cs;sJ Nghyg; gy;NtW Jiwfs;
∗ ,ilepiyahrpupau; : Nkdpiyf;fy;tpapy; Nju;r;rp ngw;Nwhu; ,jpy; Nruyhk;.
∗ nrtpypau; gapw;rp> $l;LwTg; gapw;rp Mfpatw;wpYk; Nruyhk;.
tpdh vz;.49 : kdg;ghlg; ghly; (jpUf;Fws;> ,uz;Lk;> gpw nra;As; xd;Wk; Nfl;fg;gLk;)
,g;gFjpia ed;F gapw;rp ngWf KO kjpg;ngz; ngWk; tpdhf;fSs; ,JTk; ,JTk; xd;W
jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

(tpdh vz;.1 Kjy; 20 Kba xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; Kjy; 10 tpdhf;fs; ,yf;fz kjpg;gplyhFk;)
Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gjy; :
,yf;fzk;
1. tisay; - ,r;nrhy;ypy; Ifhuk; _________ Fiwe;J xypf;fpwJ.
2. <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;j nrhy; _________ MFk;.
3. gy; + jPJ vd;gJ _________ vdg; GzUk;.
4. FWf;fq;fs; Ifhuf; FWf;fk;> xsfhuf; FWf;fk;> _________ Ma;jf; FWf;fk; vd ehy; tifg;gLk;.
5. G+q;Foyp nghk;ikiar; nra;jhd;. ,j;njhliur; nrag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;Wk;NghJ> nghk;ik
_________ nra;ag; _________ vdtUk;.
6. mofd; ghlk; vOJfpwhd;. ,j;njhlupy; Xu; vOtha; _________ nfhz;L Kbe;jjhy; _________ njhlu;
MFk;.
7. md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf; fw;whd;. ,j;njhlu; gpwtpidahf khWk;NghJ md;gurd; jpUf;Fwisf;
_________ vd tUk;.
8. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs; jUtJ _________
9. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; _________
10. tpidKw;W _________, _________ vd ,Utifg;gLk;.
11. Xu; vr;rtpid _________ nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;.
12. xU nghUs; Fwpj;J tUk; njhlu;r; nrhw;fisNa _________ vd;gu;.
13. xU nghUl; gd;nkhop vLj;Jf; fhl;Lj; jUf _________
14. ‘,J nra;thah?” vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;F ‘tapW typf;Fk;” vdf; $WtJ _________
12
15. Mlj; njupAkh? vd;Dk; tpdhtpw;Fg; ghlj; njupAk; vdf; $WtJ _________ tpil MFk;.
16. ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? vdf; filf;fhuuplk; Nfl;gJ _________ tpdh MFk
17. mfk;> Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; _________ ,yf;fzk; MFk;.
18. FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy Kjypa Ie;Jk; _________ vdg;gLk;.
19. nea;jy; jpizf;Fupa epyg;gFjp _________ vdg;gLk;.
20. ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10 kzp Kjy; _________ tiu MFk;.
21. kUjk;> nea;jy; ,uz;bw;Fk; _________ ngUk; nghOJfSk; tUk;.
22. jpUkhy; _________ epyj;jpw;Fupa nja;tk;.
23. kzKoh> ney;yupfpiz Mfpa ,uz;Lk; _________ jpizf;Fupa giwfs;.
24. nea;jy; jpizf;Fupa njhopy;fs; _________ MFk;.
25. Neupir ntz;gh ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr; nrhy; ngw;W _________ tpfw;gj;jhDk _________ tpfw;gj;
jhDk; tUk;.
26. ,uz;lhk; mbapy; jdpr; nrhy; ngw;W gy tpfw;gj;jhd; tUtJ _________ MFk;.
27. ntz;ghtpd; Xir _________ MFk;.
28. Mrpupag;ghtpd; NtW ngau; _________ MFk;.
29. Mrpupag;ghtpd; Xir _________ MFk;.
30. vq;fs; gs;spf;Fr; Rw;Wr;Rtu; _________ (fl;lg;gl;lJ / vOg;gg;gl;lJ)
31. ghujpahu; nra;Ais _________ (ghbdhu; / ,aw;wpdhu;)
32. Ntld; _________ mk;G ahidia tPo;j;jpaJ. (va;j / nrYj;jpa)
33. khwd; Xtpaj;ij _________ (tiue;jhd; / Gide;jhd;)
34. me;jr; rpw;gk; xNu fy;ypy; _________ (tbf;fg;gl;lJ / nrJf;fg;gl;lJ)
35. khd; _________ kUSk; ghu;it. cupa ctik cUig ,izj;J vOJf
cupa tpiliaj; Nju;en ; jOJf

36. ,stofd; te;jhd;. ,J _________ njhlu;.
m. Fwpg;G M. ntspg;gil ,. vJTkpy;iy
37. ‘khL” vd;Dk; nrhy; _________ MFk;.
m. cau;jpizg; nghJ M. m‡wpizg; nghJ ,. tpuTg; ngau;
38. khL fd;iw <d;wJ. ,j;njhlupy; khL vd;gJ _________ Fwpf;Fk;.
m. gRit M. fhisia ,. fd;iw
39. fPof; f
; hZk; njhif ctikfis tpupAtikahf khw;Wf.
m. kjpKfk; M. gtstha;
40. fPof; f
; hZk; tpupAtikr; nrhw;fisj; njhif Atikahf khw;Wf.
m. fay; Nghd;w tpop M. fpsp Nghd;w nkhop
41. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg; ngaNuhL gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk;NghJ _________
m. epiynkhop <W ePqF ; k; M. epiynkhop <Wk; nka;Ak; ePq;Fk; ,. tUnkhop Kjy; nfLk;.
42. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ _________ vdr; NrUk;.
m. Nkw;F ehL M. NkehL ,. NkdhL
43. fUik + Fop vd;gJ _________ vDk; tpjpfspd;gb Gzu;e;jJ.
m. MjpePly;> ,dkpfy; M. jd;ndhw;W ,ul;ly;> ,il cfuk; ‘,” Mjy;
,. <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;
44. nghUspyf;fzk; _________ tifg;gLk;.
m. ,uz;L M. %d;W ,. Ie;J
45. mfj;jpizfs; _________ tifg;gLk;.
m. %d;W M. Ie;J ,. VO
46. khu;fop> ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk; _________ fhyj;jpw;Fupad.
m. Kd;gdp M. gpd;gdp ,. ,sNtdpy;
47. kUj epyj;jpw;Fupa nja;tk; _________
m. KUfd; M. jpUkhy; ,. ,e;jpud;
48. ghiy epyj;jpw;Fupa gwitfs; _________
m. fpsp> kapy; M. ehiu> md;dk; ,. Gwh> gUe;J
49. Gwj;jpizfs; _________ tifg;gLk;.
m. Ie;J M. VO ,. gd;dpuz;L
13
50. epiuftu;jy; vd;gJ _________

m. fue;ij M. ntl;rp ,. copiQ
51. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ _________
m. tQ;rpj;jpiz M. fhQ;rpj;jpiz ,. thifj;jpiz
52. ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ _________ $WtJ.
m. Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs; M. ngz;kfspd; xOfyhWfs; ,. Nghupd; jd;ikfs;
53. xUjiyf; fhak; vd;gJ _________
m. md;gpd; Ie;jpiz M. iff;fpis ,. ngUe;jpiz
54. jd; ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w te;j khw;wurNdhL vjpu;j;Jg; NghupLtJ _________ MFk;
m. nehr;rp M. Jk;ig ,. fhQ;rp
55. ‘cyF” vd;Dk; nrhy; ntz;ghtpy; <w;wbapd; <w;Wr; rPuhapd; mjd; tha;ghL _________MFk;.
m. ehs; M. fhR ,. gpwg;G
56. ‘ey;yit” ,r;nrhy; _________ vdg; gpupAk;.
m. Neu;Neu; M. epiuNeu; ,. Neu;epiu
57. Neupirahrpupag;ghtpd; <w;wayb _________ tUk;.
m. ehw;ruP ha; M. Kr;ruP ha; ,. IQ;ruP ha;
58. Mrpupag;ghtpd; <w;Wr;ruP ; _________ KbtJ rpwg;G.
m. Mfhuj;jpy; M. Vfhuj;jpy; ,. Xfhuj;jpy;
tpilfs; :
1. xU khj;jpiuahf 30. vOg;gg;gl;lJ
2. jpz;iz 31. ,aw;wpdhu;
3. g‡wPJ 32. va;j
4. kfuf; FWf;fk; 33. Gide;jhd;
5. G+q;Foypahy;; gl;lJ 34. tbf;fg;gl;lJ
6. xU gadpiy; jdpepiyj; 35. Nghy
7. fw;gpj;jhd; 36. ntspg;gil
8. jdpnkhop 37. m‡wpizg; nghJ
9. tpidr;nrhy; 38. gRit
10. njupepiy; Fwpg;G 39. m. kjp Nghd;w Kfk; M. gtsk; Nghd;w tha;
11. ngaiuf; 40. m. fay;tpop M. fpspnkhop
12. xU nghUl; gd;nkhop 41. epiynkhop <Wk; nka;Ak; ePqF
; k;
13. kPkpir QhapW 42. NkdhL
14. cWtJ $wy; 43. <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;
15. ,dnkhop $wy; 44. ,uz;L
16. nfhsy; tpdh 45. VO
17. nghUs; 46. Kd;gdp
18. md;gpd; Ie;jpiz 47. ,e;jpud;
19. flYk; fly;rhu;e;j ,lKk; 48. Gwh> gUe;J
20. fhiy 2 kzp tiu 49. gd;dpuz;L
21. MW 50. ntl;rp
22. Ky;iy 51. tQ;rpj;jpiz
23. kUjj; 52. Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs;
24. kPd; gpbj;jy;> cg;G tpistpj;jy; 53. iff;fpis
25. xU ,U 54. fhQ;rp
26. ,d;dpir ntz;gh 55. gpwg;G
27. nrg;gy; 56. Neu;epiu
28. mftw;gh 57. Kr;ruP ha;
29. mfty; 58. Vfhuj;jpy;
(tpdh vz;.11 Kjy; 20 Kba nkhopgapw;rp)

tpdh vz;.11
ty;ypdk; kpFkplk; VNjDk; xd;W vOj Ntz;Lk;.
mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb vDk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. (v.fh. mg;gbr; nra;jhd;)
ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lk; VNjDk; xd;W vOj Ntz;Lk;.
tpidj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. (v.fh. tpupRlu;)
tpdh vz;.12
cUtfj;ij ctikahfNth (my;yJ) ctikia cUtfkhfNth khw;Wjy;.
(v.fh) Kfkjp kjpKfk;> kyub mbkyu;
14
tpdh vz;.13 : njhliu khw;wpaikj;jy;

(m) jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptu; (tpdh thf;fpakhf khw;Wf)
jpUf;Fwis midtUk; mwptuh?
(M) vd;Nd! mg;Jy;fyhkpd; njhz;L! (nra;jp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf)
mg;Jy;fyhkpd; njhz;L kpfr; rpwg;ghdJ.
(,) ghujpjhrdpd; ghly;fs; ,dpikahdJ! (czu;r;rp thf;fpakhf khw;Wf)
vd;Nd ,dpik! ghujpjhrd; ghly;fs;!
(<) mwk; nra;a Ntz;Lk; (fl;lis thf;fpakhf khw;Wf) mwk; nra;!
tpdh vz;.14 : xUikg; gd;ik gpio ePff

; p vOJjy;
xUik te;jhy; tpFjp ‘J”tpy; KbAk;.
gd;ik te;jhy; tpFjp ‘d”tpy; KbAk;.
(m) ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;baJ J ngz;fy;tp ngz;Zupik> nrhj;Jupik
ngz;fs; ngw Ntz;bait it ngz; fy;tp ngz;Zupik nrhj;Jupik
(M) Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd

Nfhg;G ,Ue;jd Nfhg;G ,Ue;jJ
tpdh vz;.15 : re;jpg;gpiofis ePfF; jy;

Njitaw;w ty;ypd nka;fis ePfF ; f Njitahd ,lq;fspy; f;> r;> j;> g; NghL
(v-fh) jkpopy; tuyhw;Wf; fUj;JfisAk; gz;ghl;Lf; $WfisAk; fhzKbAk;.
tpdh vz;.16 : gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePff

; p ,izahd jkpo;rn; rhy; vOJjy;
(v-fh) ,e;j \u;l; kpfTk; fh];ly
; pahdJ ,e;jr; rl;il kpfTk; tpiyAau;e;jJ.
tpdh vz;.17 : njhifr; nrhw;fis tpupj;njOJjy;

(v-fh) ,Utpid - ey;tpid jPtpid ,Ujpiz - cau;jpiz> m‡wpiz
Kj;jkpo; - ,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; ehw;jpir - fpof;F> Nkw;F> tlf;F> njw;F
tpdh vz;.18 : epWj;jw; Fwpapl;L vOJjy;

nfhLf;fg;gl;l njhlupy; rupahd ,lq;fspy; fhw;Gs;sp> miug;Gs;sp> Kf;fhw;Gs;sp> Kw;Wg;Gs;sp>
Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp tpdhf;Fwp ,lNtz;Lk;.
(v-fh) rl;lj;ij kjpg;Nghk;; Fw;wk; fise;j tho;it tho;Nthk;; rl;lk; ek;ikf; fhf;Fk;.
tpdh vz;.19 : ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;jy;

(v-fh) gR kuj;jhzp Nghy - mwpQu; mz;zhtpd; fUj;Jfs; gRkuj;jhzp Nghy vd; kdJs; gjpe;jJ.
tpdh vz;.20 : kuGj; njhlUf;Nfs;s nghUis vOJjy; (v.fh)

(v-fh) thioab thioahf - guk;giu guk;giuahf (ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s gapw;rpfis gapw;rp nra;f)
tpdh vz;.21 Kjy; 27 tiu ,yf;fzf; FWtpdhf;fs; (,g;gFjpapy; Ie;J vOj Ntz;Lk;)
rpy Kf;fpakhd tpdh - tpilfs; :
1. Ifhuf; FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
Ifhuk; nkhopf;F KjypYk; ,ilapYk; <w;wpYk; tUk;nghOJ jdf;Fupa khj;jpiu msthd ,uz;L
khj;jpiuapypUe;J> Fiwe;J KiwNa xd;wiu> xU khj;jpiu msthf Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;. ,J
Ifhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) I g;grp> tis
isay;
is > jtisis
2. xsfhuf; FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
xsfhuk; nkhopf;F Kjypy; tUk;nghOJ> jdf;Fupa khj;jpiu msthd ,uz;L khj;jpiuapypUe;J
Fiwe;J xd;wiu khj;jpiu msthf Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;. ,J xsfhuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. ,f;FWf;f k;
nkhopf;F ,ilapYk; <w;wpYk; tuhJ. (v.fh) xsit
xs
3. kfuf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
kfu nka;> jdf;Fupa miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J fhy; khj;jpiu msthf xypg;gJ
kfuf;FWf;fk; vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) tUk;k; tz;b
4. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
Ma;jk; jdf;Fupa miu khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J fhy; khj;jpiu msthf xypg;gJ.
(v.fh) fy; + jPJ = f‡ ‡wPJ (jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;J te;j yfunka; jfuj;Jld; ,ize;J Ma;jkhfj;
jpupe;jJ)
5. tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L vt;nttw;iw mwpayhk;? (jpiz> ghy;> vz;> ,lk;> fhyk;)
6. nganur;rk; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit?
Xu; vr;rtpid ngaiuf; nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;.
(v.fh) gbj;j fay;tpop tiffs; : njupepiyg; nganur;rk;> Fwpg;Gg; nganur;rk;
15
7. tpidnar;rk; vd;why; vd;d?
Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr;nrhy; NtnwhU tpidKw;iwf;nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; mJ tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.
(v.fh) gbj;J te;jhd; tiffs; : njupepiy tpidnar;rk;> Fwpg;G tpidnar;rk;.
8. Kw;nwr;rk; vd;why; vd;d?
xU tpidKw;Wr;nrhy;> vr;rg;nghUspy; te;J> kw;nwhU tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L KbtNj Kw;nwr;rk;
vdg;gLk;. (v.fh) ikjpyp te;jds; ghbds;.
9. mLf;Fj;njhlUf;Fk; ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;Fk; cs;s NtWghL ahJ?
mLf;Fj;njhlu; ,ul;ilf;fpstp
1. nrhw;fs; jdpj;jdpNa epw;Fk;. 1. nrhw;fs; xd;Wgl;L epw;Fk;
2. gpupj;jhy; nghUs; jUk; 2. gpupj;jhy; nghUs; juhJ
3. ,uz;L> %d;W> ehd;F Kiw mLf;fptUk; 3. ,ul;bj;Nj tUk;
4. tpiuT> mr;rk;> ntFsp> kfpo;r;rp 4. ,ir> Fwpg;G> gz;G gw;wp tUk;
(v.fh) th th th> ghk;G ghk;G ghk;G (v.fh) to to ntd;W NgrhNj> fyfyntd;W rpup
10. tpih vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
tpdh MW tifg;gLk;. mit mwptpdh> mwpahtpdh> Iatpdh> nfhsy;tpdh> nfhiltpdh> Vty;
tpdh vd;gd.
11. ghk;Ngh? fwpNah? - vt;tif tpdh? (Iatpdh)
12. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
tpil vz;tifg;gLk;. mit Rl;L> kiw> Neu;> Vty;> tpdh> vjpu;tpdhjy;> cw;WJiuj;jy;> cWtJ
$wy;> ,dnkhop vd;gd.
13. Rl;L tpilia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
Rl;bf; $Wk; tpil Rl;LtpilahFk;. ‘nrd;idf;F top ahJ?” vd;W tpdtpdhy; ,J vd;gJ Nghyr;
Rl;bf; $WtJ.
14. cld;gl;Lf; $Wk; tpilapd; nganud;d?
Neu;tpil ,J nra;thah? vd;W tpdtpaNghJ nra;Ntd; vd;W cld;gl;Lf;$Wk; tpil Neu; tpil.
15. mfj;jpizfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
mfj;jpizfs; vOtifg;gLk;. mit FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy> iff;fpis>
nghUe;jpiz vd;gdthFk;.
16. Kjw;nghUs; vd;why; vd;d?
mfnthOf;fk; epfo;tjw;Ff; fhuzkhd epyKk; nghOJk; Kjw;nghUs; vdg;gLk;.
17. fUg;nghUs; vd;why; vd;d?
me;je;j epyj;jpw;Fupa nja;tk;> kf;fs;> czT> tpyq;F Kjypad fUg;nghUs; vdg;gLk; .
18. taYk; tay;rhu;e;j ,lKk; vj;jpizf;FupaJ?
kUj epyj;jpw;FupaJ.
19. Ig;grp> fhu;j;jpif Mfpa ,Ujpq;fSk; vf;fhyj;jpw;Fupad?
Fspu;fhyk;.
20. itfiwf;Fupa fhy msT ahJ?
,uT 2 kzpKjy; fhiy 6 kzp tiu
21. Ky;iy epyj;jpw;Fupa fUg;nghUs;fs; ehd;fid vOJf.
nja;tk; : jpUkhy;> kf;fs; : Mau;> Ma;rr ; pau;> czT : tuF> rhik> tpyq;F : Kay;> khd;> Gyp
22. FwpQ;rp epyj;jpw;Fupa fUg;nghUs;fs; ehd;fis vOJf.
nja;tk; : KUfd;> kf;fs; : Fwtu;Fwj;jpau;> czT : kiyney;> jpiz> tpyq;F : fub> rpq;fk;
23. Gwj;jpizfs; ehd;fid vOJf.
ntl;rpj;jpiz> fue;ijj;jpiz> tQ;rpj;jpiz> fhQ;rpj;jpiz
24. kjpy;Nghu; gw;wpa Gwj;jpizfs; ahit?
nehr;rpj;jpiz> copiQj;jpiz
25. thifj;jpiz vd;gJ ahJ?
ntw;wp ngw;w kd;dd; thifg;G+r; #b kfpo;tJ> thifj;jpiz vdg;gLk;.
26. nghUe;jhf; fhkk; gw;wpa jpiz ahJ?
ngUe;jpiz vd;gJ nghUe;jhf; fhkk; MFk;.
27. gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; (rpy v.fh)
mwpe;j = mwp + j; (e;) + j; + m (mwp - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j; e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy>
m - nganur;r tpFjp)
mwpe;J = mwp + j; (e;) + j; + c (mwp - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j; e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy>
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp)
mwpe;jhd; = mwp + j; (e;) + j; + Md; (mwp - gFjp> j; - re;jp> j; e; MdJ tpfhuk;> j; - ,we;jfhy
,ilepiy> c - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp)
mwpjy; = mwp + j; + my; (mwp - gFjp> j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy> my; - njhopw;ngau;tpFjp )
mwpf = mwp + f (mwp - gFjp> f- tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp)
28. ntspg;gil vd;why; vd;d?
16
ntspg;gilahfj; nghUis czu;j;JtJ ntspg;gilr; nrhy; (v.fh) GJf;Nfhl;il tPuu;fs; Kjyplk;
ngw;wdu;.
29. Fwpg;G vd;why; vd;d?
Fwpg;ghy; xU nghUis czu;j;Jk; nrhy; Fwpg;Gr;nrhy; MFk;. (v.fh) GJf;Nfhl;il ntd;wJ.
30. nkhopapd; tiffs; ahit?
jdpnkhop - kdpjd;> njhlu; nkhop - glk; ghu;j;jhd;> nghJnkhop - me;jkhd;
tpdh vz;.28 : ghtif

ntz;gh
1. ,uz;lb Kjy; gd;dpuz;L mb tiu tUk;.
2. <w;wb %d;W rPuhfTk;> Vida mbfs; ehd;F rPuhfTk; tUk;.
3. ,aw;rPUk;> ntz;rPUk; tUk;.
4. nrg;gNyhir ngw;W tUk;.
5. ,aw;ruP ; ntz;lid> ntz;ruP ; ntz;lis ngw;W tUk;.
6. ,Wjp mbapd; ,Wjpr;ruP ; ehs; kyu; fhR gpwg;G nfhz;L KbAk;.
Fws; ntz;gh
,uz;lb ngw;W tUk; (ntz;ghTf;F cupa kw;w Fwpg;Gfis mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;)
rpe;jpapy; ntz;gh
%d;wb ngw;W tUk; (ntz;ghTf;F cupa kw;w Fwpg;Gfis mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;)
Neupir ntz;gh
ehd;fb ngw;W jdpr; nrhy; tUk;. (ntz;ghTf;F cupa kw;w Fwpg;Gfis mg;gbNa vOj Ntz;Lk;)
,d;dpir ntz;gh
ehd;fb ngw;W tUk;. jdpr;nrhy; ngwhky; tUk;. (ntz;ghTf;F cupa kw;w Fwpg;Gfis mg;gbNa vOj
Ntz;Lk;)
g‡nwhil ntz;gh
Ie;J Kjy; gd;dpuz;lb tiu ngw;W tUk;. (ntz;ghTf;F cupa kw;w Fwpg;Gfis mg;gbNa vOj
Ntz;Lk;)
Mrpupag;gh
1. mbNjhWk; ehd;F rPuf ; s; tUk;.
2. khr;ruP ; tpsr;ruP ; ngw;Wk; tUk;.
3. Nenuhd;whrpupaj;jis> epiu nahd;whrpupaj; jis ngw;W tUk;.
4. mftNyhir ngw;W tUk;.
5. ,Wjp mbapd; ,Wjpr;ruP ; ‘x” fhuk; nfhz;L KbAk;.
Neupir Mrpupag;gh (Mrpupag; ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf)

<w;wayb %d;W rPuf; sha; tUk;.
epiykz;by Mrpupag;gh
midj;J mbfspYk; ehd;F rPu; ngw;W tUk
,izf;Fws; Mrpupag;gh
KjybAk;> filrp mbAk; ehd;F rPu; ngw;W> ,ilapy; ,uz;L (my;yJ) %d;W rPu; mbfs; ngw;W
mikAk;.
mbkwp kz;by Mrpupag;gh
mbfis khw;wp mikj;jhYk; nghUs; khwhJ.
tpdh vz;.29 : mzp

1. jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp
,ay;ghf epfOk; epfo;r;rpapd; kPJ ftpQu; jk; Fwpg;ig Vw;wpf; $WtJ. (jd; Fwpg;ig Vw;WtJ)
(v.fh) ‘$tpdNt Nfhopf;Fyk;” Nfhop $Tjw;F fhuzk; nrhy;tJ.
2. tQ;rg; Gfo;rr
; p mzp
Gfo;tJ Nghyg; gopg;gJk;> gopg;gJ Nghyg; Gfo;tJk; tQ;rg;Gfo;rr
; pazpahFk; (tQ;rfkhfg; Gfo;tJ)
(v.fh) ‘Njtu; midau;fatu;” fatu;fisg; Gfo;tJ Nghy ,Ue;jhYk; ,J ,fo;tNjahFk;.
3. ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; mzp

xU nrhy; ,UnghUs;gl mike;JtUjy; ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; mzp (rpNyil mzp)
(v.fh) ‘Mbf;Flj;jilAk;” ghk;igAk;> vz;nza; Ml;LtijAk; xNu nrhy;yhy; nrhy;tJ.
4. nrhy; gpd; tU epiyazp

nra;Aspy; Kd;du; te;j nrhy; kPzL ; k; kPzL
; k; te;J ntt;NtW nghUisj; jUtJ!
(v.fh) ‘Jg;ghu;f;Fj; Jg;gha; jg;ghf;fp” jpUf;Fwspy; Jg;G vDk; nrhy; gyKiw tUtJ.
17
5. nghUs; gpd; tU epiyazp
nra;Aspy; xNu nghUs; jUk; gy nrhw;fs; tUtJ (v.fh) ‘mtpo;e;jd nefpo;e;jd tpz;ld
nfhz;ld” - kyu;jy;
6. ctikazp
ctik> ctNkak;> jdpj;jdpNa epw;f> ctkcUG ntspg;gilaha; tUtJ.
(v.fh) ‘mOf;fh Wilahd; fz;” vDk; jpUf;Fwspy; ctik mzp te;Js;sJ.
7. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp
ctik> ctNkak; jdpj;jdp epw;f ctkcUG kiwe;J tUtJ
(v.fh) ‘gfy;nty;Yk; $ifiaf; fhf;if” jpUf;Fwspy;. (v.fh) ctik mzp te;Js;sJ.
tpdh vz;.30 : (myfpLjy;)

1. nka;naOj;ij mLj;Jf; NfhbL. (v-fh) xOf; f;/fk;
2. Fwpy; vOj;ij mLj;J nka;naOj;J te;jhy; kl;Lk; NfhbL. (v-fh) xOf;/fk;
3. neby; vOj;ijaLj;Jf; NfhbL nka;naOj;J ,Ug;gpDk; mijAk; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;.
(v-fh) it/aj;/Js;> tho;/thq;/F> tho;/gtu;> th/Diw/Ak;
4. ,UFwpy; ,ize;J te;jhy; NfhbL (v-fh) xOf;/fk;> tpOg;/gk;
5. Fwpy; neby; ,ize;J te;jhy; NfhbL (v-fh) gif/
6. Nfhbl;l gFjpapy; nka;naOj;ij kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L mirg; ngaupL> mg;NghJ xU vOj;J jdpj;
epd;why; Neuir> ,U vOj;J ,ize;J epd;why; epiuahir
(v.fh) jpiae; / jf; / fhy; - epiu Neu; Neu; - Gsp khq; fha;
7. gpd;G mirf;Nfw;w tha;ghLfis vOjyhk;
Neu; Neu; - Njkh
epiu Neu; - Gspkh
epiu epiu - fUtpsk;
Neu; epiu - $tpsk;
Neu; Neu; Neu; - Njkhq;fha;
epiu Neu; Neu; - Gspkhq;fha;
epiu epiu epiu - fUtpsq;fha;
Neu; epiu epiu - $tpsq;fha;
,Wjpr; rPu; tha;gg; hl;il gpd;tUkhW mik

Neu; - ehs;
epiu - kyu;
Neu; + c - Neu;G - fhR
epiu + c - epiuG - gpwg;G
Jizg;ghlk;
tpdh vz;.31 Kjy; 33 Kba cs;s tpdhf;fs; (,jpy; ,uz;L vOj Ntz;Lk;)
1. gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;gg

; w;W
Kd;Diu
jkpOf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wpa jkpowpQu; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; Mthu;. ,tu; kJiuia mLj;j tpshr;Nrupapy;
06.07.1870 ,y; gpwe;jhu;.
gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;gg

; w;W
∗ nrd;idf; fpwpj;Jtf; fy;Y}upapy; jkpo;g; Nguhrpupau; gzpia tpUk;gpf; Nfl;L Vw;whu;.
∗ khztu;fSf;F Ritglj; jkpo;nkhopiaf; fw;gpj;jhu;.
∗ kJiuapy; jkpo;r;rq;fk; mikf;fg;ghLgl;lhu;.
∗ Mq;fpyg; Nguhrpupau; nld;dprdplk; jkpopd; njhd;ikiaf; $wp tpaf;f itj;jhu;.
∗ gpwnkhopf; fyg;gpy;yhj jdpj;jkpo; eilia gad;gLj;j cWjpAld; Nghuhbdhu;.
KbTiu
jkpior; nrk;nkhopahf;f Kjd;Kjyhff; Fuy; nfhLj;j gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; top epd;W ek;
jha;nkhopahk; jkpo; fhg;Nghk;. tsu;f jkpo;!
18
2. gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;jn

; jhz;L
Kd;Diu
jkpOf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wpa jkpowpQu; gupjpkhw;fiyQu; Mthu;. ,tu; kJiuia mLj;j tpshr;Nrupapy;
06.07.1870 ,y; gpwe;jhu;.
gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;jn

; jhz;L
∗ gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; jkpo;nkhopia tpyf;fp> tlnkhopiaf; nfhzu Kay;ifapy; gupjpkhw;fiyQu;
mk;Kaw;rpia Kwpabj;jhu;.
∗ &ghtjp> fyhtjp Nghd;w ehlfq;fis ,aw;wp ehlfj;jkpo; tsuj; Jiz epd;whu;.
∗ rpj;jpuf; ftp vOjpdhu;. ciuahrpupauhf tpsq;fpdhu;.
∗ ‘QhdNghjpdp” vd;w ,jo; %yk; ,jo;gg ; zpahw;wp jkpo; tsuj; JizGupe;jhu;.
∗ jkpiof; nrk;nkhopahf;f Kjd; Kjyhff; Fuy; nfhLj;JtUk; ,tNu
KbTiu
jkpior; nrk;nkhopahf;f Kjd;Kjyhff; Fuy; nfhLj;j gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; topepd;wp jha;j;jkpo;
fhg;Nghk;!
nky;y nky;y kw
Kd;Diu
,f;fijia vOjpatu; ,yl;Rkp Mthu;. ngz;Zupik> ngz; tpLjiy> ,y;ywk; Nghd;wtw;iw
ikaf;fUj;Jfshff; nfhz;L ,tu; vOjpa rpWfijfs;> Gjpdq;fs; Gfo; ngw;witahFk;.
fkyehjdpd; epiy
Nfhfpyhtpd; fztd; fkyehjd; vg;nghOJk; Gif gpbj;Jf;nfhz;Nl ,Ug;ghd;. Gifgpbg;gjdhy;
Rthrg; Gj;J Neha;> khuilg;G> rsp> ,Uky;> grpapd;ik Nghd;w gy Neha;fs; tUnkd;W Nfhfpyh vr;rupf;if
nra;Jk; mtd; jpUe;jtpy;iy.
fkyehjd; jpUe;Jjy;
,r;#oypy; jd; ez;gd; ,uhkypq;fk; mjpfkhfg; Gifj;jjdhy; Rthrg; Gj;J Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
,we;Jtpl;lij Neupy; fz;lhd;. mtd; kidtp rpahksh Foe;ijfSld; Nrhfkhf epd;w #oy; mtDf;F
mjpu;r;rpaspj;jJ. jk; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; ,j;Jd;gepiy tuf; $lhnjd;W> Gifg;gpbg;gij nky;y nky;y
kwg;gjhf kidtpaplk; rgjk; nra;jhd;.
KbTiu
Gifgpbg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPqf ; pid kpfr; rpwg;ghd fijr;#oy; nfhz;L tpsf;fpa fijMrpupau;
,yl;Rkpapd; fijg;ghq;F ghuhl;Lk;gb ,Ue;jJ.
md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lk;

Kd;Diu
rl;lk; vd;gjw;Fr; nrk;ik vd;gJ nghUs;. nrk;ik vd;Dk; nrhy; eLTepiy vd;Dk; nghUspYk;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs;

∗ ,e;J rkaj;jtu;f;F ,e;Jr; rl;lKk;> ,Ryhkpau;fSf;F ,Ryhkpar; rl;lKk; fpwpj;Jtu;fSf;F
fpwpj;Jtr; rl;lKk; cs;sd.
∗ Nghf;Ftuj;ij xOq;Fglj;j Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
∗ fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; khzhf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; nfhLikiaj; jLf;f khztu; td; nfhLikr; rl;lk;
cs;sJ.
∗ Foe;ijfis gzpapy; mku;j;jj; jilnra;a Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu; jilr;rl;lk; cs;sJ.
∗ fyg;glg; nghUisf; fz;lwpe;J jz;bf;f Efu;Nthu; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lq;fs; cs;sd.
∗ jfty;fisg; ngw jfty; mwpAk; cupikr; rl;lk; cs;sJ.
KbTiu
,r;rl;lq;fspd; gadwpe;J Kiwahf ehk; gad;gLj;jp te;jhy; Fw;wq;fs; jLf;fg;gLk;. mwpahik
,Us; ePqF
; k;.
19
Fwl;il xyp
Kd;Diu
jkpowpQu; K.tujuhrdhu; ,f;fijapy; r%f Vw;wj;jho;T gw;wpAk;> Vioj;jhapd; fUizapidAk;
nrhw;rpj;jpukha; tbtikj;Js;shu;.
tlgFjpf; FLk;gk;
∗ K.t. xU tPlb; d; khbapy; FbapUe;jhu;.
∗ fPNo tlgFjpapy; fztd; kidtp tho;e;J te;jdu;. mtu;fl;Ff; Foe;ijapy;iy.
∗ mtu;fs; nry;tr;nropg;G kpFe;jtu;fs; tPL vg;nghOJk; mikjpaha; ,Uf;Fk;.
njd;gFjpf; FLk;gk;
∗ njd;gFjp tPlb ; y; fztd;> kidtp> fztdpd; jha;> Foe;ijfs; kw;Wk; xU ehAk; ,Ue;jdu;.
∗ ,f;FLk;gk; Vo;ik epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk; vg;nghOJk; Muthukpf;fjha; ,Ue;jJ.
Vioj; jhapd; fUiz

fUTw;wpUe;j Vioj;jha; Foe;ijiag; ngw;nwLj;jhs;. mt;tlP ;bypUe;j ehAk; Ie;J Fl;bfis
<d;wJ. xU ehs; me;eha; fhzhky; NghdJ. Fl;bfs; jha;fF ; Vq;fpd. ,uT Neuk; te;jJ. Fl;bfs; grpahy;
fj;jpd. tlgFjpf; FLk;gk; ,jidf; fz;L nfhs;stpy;iy Vioj;jha; jd; Foe;ijf;F nfhLf;Fk;
jha;gg
; hypy; rpwpJ me;eha;fF
; Cl;bdhs;. grpalq;fpa Fl;bfs; mikjpahapd. mg;nghOJ tlgFjpf;
FLk;gj;jpd; ‘Fwl;il xyp” kl;Lk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
KbTiu
‘nry;te;jUf;F nfhLf;fg; nghUs; ,Ue;Jk; fUiz> ,uf;fk;> md;G Nghd;wit ,y;iy” vd;w r%f
,opepiyia $wpa K.t.tpd; fij Nghw;wj;jf;fJ.
tpdh vz;.34 : (m) Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fisj; jkpohf;fk; nra;jy;

ghlg;Gj;jfk; gf;fk; : 31
(m) mg;gh> tUk; Qhapw;Wf;fpoik vdf;Fg; gpwe;jehs;. Mdhy; ,d;Dk; vdf;Fg; gpwe;jehs; cil
vLf;ftpy;iyNa Vd; mg;gh? vdJ ez;gu;fisnay;yhk; tPlL
; f;F tur;nrhy;yp mioj;jpUf;fpNwd;.
(M) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tUtjw;F ,d;Dk; MWehs;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wNj? ftiyg;glhNj ehis khiy

filf;Fr; nry;yyhk;. ,g;g cdf;F kfpo;rr
; pjhNd.
gf;fk; : 102
RNuR vd;d epfo;e;jJ? Vd; jhkjkhf tUfpwha; topapNy xNu Nghf;Ftuj;J neupry; mjdhy; jhd;
jhkjk;. rup rup NgUe;J vj;jid kzpf;F tUk;? gazr;rl P L
; fpilj;jh? NgUe;J gj;J Kg;gJf;F
tUk;. nrd;w thuNk Kd;gjpT nra;jhfptpl;lJ.
gf;fk; : 1
172
72
gs;spapypUe;J tPlb
; w;Fs; tpiue;J Eioe;j ghup> jd; gs;sp Gj;jfg; igia J}f;fp Nghl;Ltpl;L mk;kh>
jz;zuP ; vd;W Fuy; nfhLj;jhd;.
‘gs;spapypUe;J te;jTld; Vz;lh ,g;gbf; fj;Jfpwha;? iffhy;fis fOtpr; Rj;jk; nra;J nfhz;L
th. #lhf cdf;Fg; gpbj;j rpw;Wz;b nra;J itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. Ngha;r; rPUil khw;wpf; nfhz;L th
vd;whs; mtd; jha;.
‘Nghk;kh” vd;W $wpf; nfhz;L ‘kpd; tprpwpiar;” Roytpl;l ghup njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; Nghl;lhd;.
gs;spf;$lk; tpl;L te;jTlNd vjw;Fj; njhiyf;fhl;rp? tPlL
; g;ghlk; nra;Jtpl;L mg;Gwk; ghu;ff
; yhk;
vd;whs; mtd; jha;.
tpdh vz;.34 : M) jkpnoz;fs;

xd;W Kjy; gj;J Kba cs;s jkpnoz;fisg; gapw;rp nra;jhNy ,g;gFjpapy; KO kjpg;ngz; ngwyhk;.
(ghlg;Gj;jfk; Kjy; ,ay; gf;fk; - ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;f)
tpdh vz;.35 (m) gf;fk; : 31

epytiuglq;fs; mjpfj; jfty;fisj; jUfpd;wd. vOjg;gbf;f mwpAKd;dNu ek; Kd;Ndhu;fs;
tiue;j epytiuglq;fs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it ‘fy;ypYk; nrJf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
gf;fk; : 56
kuq;fs; ekf;Fg; ngupJk; cjTfpd;wd. mit ekf;Fg; gyiffisAk; tpwFfisAk; jUfpd;wd.
gyiffs; ehw;fhyp Nki[ kw;Wk; kur;rhkhd;fs; nra;a cjTfpd;wd. ehk; vz;nza; tpj;Jf;fs; jUk;
20
kuq;fspypUe;J vz;nza; ngWfpNwhk;. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfSk; goq;fSk; ekf;F kUe;Jfsha;

cjTfpd;wd.
gf;fk; : 85
Kd; J}q;fp> Kd; vOjy; xUtid MNuhf;fpa kdpjdha; khw;Wk;. mjpfhiyapy; vOe;jhy;
mjpfhiyapy; vOe;jhy; mjpf rf;jpAk;> NeuKk; fpilf;Fk;. mjpfhiyapy; kdk; J}a;ikahf ,Ug;gjhy;> ghlk;
gbg;gjw;F me;j NeuNk Vw;wJ. fbdg; ghlKk; vspjpy; GupAk;.
gf;fk; : 103
fbjk; vOJjy; xU fiyahFk;. ez;gu;fs; kw;Wk; cwtpdu;fSld; njhlu;G nfhs;sf; fbjk;
gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,UtUf;fpilNa ciuahlyhftk;. Neubj; jfty; mDg;g cjTfpd;wd. vdNt
fw;wwpe;jtu;fs; fbjk; vOJtijg; gapw;rp vLj;Jf; nfhs;sy; mtrpakhFk
gf;fk; : 126
njhiyf;fhl;rp Xu; mw;GjkhFk;. fy;tp> eytho;t> Ntshz;ik> FLk;geyk;> fpuhkg;Gw epfo;r;rpfs;>
ehlfq;fs;> jpiug;glq;fs; Nghd;w epfo;r;rpfs; ,jpy; xspg;gug;ghfpd;wd. tzpf tpsk;guq;fSf;Fk; ,it
gad;gLfpd;wd.
gf;fk; : 147
vy;yh capupdq;fSf;Fk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. cztpd;wp kdpjd; tho KbahJ. ruptpfpj czT
cz;Zjy;> Fiwe;j msT cz;gij jtpu;j;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw Nkw;nfhz;L capu;thoj; Njitahd czit
cz;z Ntz;Lk;.
gf;fk; : 172
,J fzpdp Afk;> md;whl tho;tpy; tzpfk;> njhopy; epWtdq;fs;> muRj;Jiwfs; midj;jpYk;
tpiuthf jfty; rPuikg;G nra;Ak; fUtpahff; fzpdp gad;gLfpwJ.
gf;fk; : 201
fhe;jpabfs; tha;ikia Nerpj;jhu;. tha;ikapd; kjpg;ig epiyehl;l tho;ehs; KOtJk; Nghuhbdhu;.
‘rj;jpa Nrhjid”apy; mtu; tha;ikiaj; nja;tkhff; fUjpdhu;. ekJ vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray; ,k;%d;Wk;
xd;whfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd;W fw;gpj;jhu;. tho;e;Jk; fhl;bdhu;.
gf;fk; : 226
E}yfk; Gj;jfk; gbg;gjw;fhd ,lkhFk;. mq;Fs;s E}yfu; Gj;jfq;fisg; guhkupg;ghu;. jkpo;>
Mq;fpyf; fijfs; kw;Wk; mwptpay;> tzpftpay;> nghUspay; Gj;jfq;fs;. jpdrup thu ,jo;fs;> ,it mq;F
,Uf;Fk;. ,q;F ehk; mikjpahfg; gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Gj;jfq;fis ,utpYk; thq;fpg; gbf;fyhk;. E}yfk;
midtUf;Fk; gad;glf;$baJ.
tpdh vz;.35 (M)

ghlg; Gj;jfj;jpYs;s gonkhopfs; midj;ijAk; gapw;rp vLf;fTk;.
gFjp - 4
tpdh vz;.36 : ftpij vOJtJ (my;yJ) ghjpf; fijia Kbj;J vOJtJ
∗ Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gl;l jiyg;gpy; ehd;F nra;jpj;nhlul mikf;f. mr;nra;jpj; njhliu ftpeaj;Jld;
khw;Wf.
(v.fh) Kaw;rp
(m) vWk;Gfs; Kad;W ciof;fpd;wd. (M) mUk;Gfs; Kad;W kyu;fpd;;wd
(,) ciog;ghy; cauyhk; (<) NjdPff; s; ciof;fpd;wd (c) cyfk; ek;ikg; Nghw;W k;
Kaw;rp
vWk;Gfs; Kad;W ciog;gijg; ghu;! Vw;wKld; mit cau;tijg; ghu;!
mUk;Gfs; Kad;W kyu;tijg; ghu;! mofha; tpupe;J kfpo;tijg; ghu;!
NjdPff; s; Kad;W ciog;gijg; ghu;! jpfl;Lk; Njidj; jUtijg; ghu;!
cioj;J Kad;W cau;e;J ghu;! cyfk; Nghw;w tho;e;J ghu;!
(gs;spf;$lk;> kio> fly;> Foe;ij> el;G - ,f;ftpijfisg; gapw;rp nra;f)
rpWfij Kbj;jy;
(m) nfhLf;fg;gl;l rpWfijf;F ikaf;fUj;J xd;W mikf;f
(M) fijapd; KbT nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
(,) nghUj;jkhd jiyg;G mikf;f Ntz;Lk;
(<) RUf;fkhd eilapy; fijia mikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
(c) nkhopg; gpioapd;wp gj;jpaikg;GfSld; fij mikjy; eyk;
21
(v.fh) md;G nra;a tpUk;G

kWehs; fhiyapy; Nju;T njhlq;FfpwJ md;W ,uT ntFNeuk; fz;tpopj;Jg; gbf;fj;
jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhd; ghu;j;jpgd;. Neuk; ,uT gj;ij neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. mg;NghJ mtd;
vjpu;ghuhj tpjkhf njhiyNgrp xypj;jJ.
(,jw;F Nky; cdJ fw;gidapy; fijiaj; njhlu;e;J vOjp Kbf;fNtz;Lk;)
mjw;fhd khjpup
mtd; mk;kh vLj;jhu;. vjpu;Kidapy; nrhy;tJk; mk;kh kWg;gJk; mtd; fhJfspy; miuFiwahf
tpOe;J.
‘vd;dk;kh> vd;dhr;R?
‘xd;Dkpy;ylh> xd;Ndhl ez;gd; Gtdfpupf;F fhf;fhtypg;G te;jpUr;rhk;. kUj;JtkidapNy
Nru;j;jpUf;fhq;fshk;. cd;idj; Jizf;Ff; $g;gpl;lhq;f. ehisf;F Nju;T NtW cdf;F ,Uf;F.
mnjy;yhk; mDg;g KbahJd;D nrhy;ypl;Nld;”
‘ahUk;kh NgrpdJ?”
‘ahNuh nyl;Rkz thj;jpahuhk;. Ngh. Ngh. Nghap gb”
ghu;;j;jpgDf;Fg; glglg;gha; te;jJ. Gtdfpup mtdpd; neUq;fpa Njhod; kl;Lky;y. ngw;Nwhiu
,oe;jtd;. mdhij ,y;yg; guhkupg;gpy; ,Ug;gtd;. mtDf;nfd;W ahUkpy;iy.
ghu;j;jpgd; vOe;jhd;. Gj;jfj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;L kUj;Jtkid tpiue;jhd;. ,uT KOtJk;
mtd; gf;fj;jpNyNa mku;e;J ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;. Gtdfpupf;Fk; ghlq;fis nfhQ;rk; nfhQ;rkhf
thrpj;Jf; fhz;gpj;J gapw;Wtpj;jhd;.
kWehs; Gtdfpupia mioj;Jf;nfhz;L Nju;Tf;Fr; nrd;whd;. ed;Kiwapy; ,UtUk; Nju;T
vOjpdhu;fs;. jdJ tho;fi ; fapy; jf;f rkaj;jpy; cjtp nra;j ghu;j;jpgid> Gtdfpup md;Gld; ,Wfj;
jOtpf; nfhz;lhd;.
‘md;G nra;apd; mayhFk;. mz;b neUq;Fk; cwtpduhk;” xd;gjhk; tFg;G khztd; xUtd;
Nju;Tf;fha;g; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUg;gJ mtu;fs; fhJfspy; tpOe;jJ.
tpdh vz;.37 : nra;As; eak; ghuhl;ly;
(m) jpuz;l fUj;J : ghliy thrpj;J Kad;W nghUis vOJ. ghliy rpwpJ ciueilahf khw;w KaYf.
(M) vJif eak; : ,uz;lhtJ vOj;J xd;whf tUk; nrhw;fis vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
(,) Nkhid eak; : Kjy; vOj;J xd;wptUk; nrhw;fis vLj;J vOj Ntz;Lk;.
(<) ,iaG eak; : xt;Nthu; mbapYk; ,Wjpr; rPu; Xirapy; xd;wp tUk; nrhw;fis vOjNtz;Lk;.
(v.fh) gpw ehl;L ey;ywpQu; rhj;jpuq;fs; jkpo; nkhopapw; ngau;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

,wthj GfOila GJ E}y;fs; jkpo; nkhopapy; ,aw;wy; Ntz;Lk;.
jpuz;l fUj;J : gpw nkhopapYs;s ed; E}y;fs; jkpo;nkhopapy; nkhopngau;ff

; g;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
mopahg; Gfo; nfhz;l GJ E}y;fs; jkpo;nkhopapy; ,aw;wg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
vJif eak; : gpw ehl;L> ,wthj - mb vJif
Nkhid eak; : GfOila> GJ E}y;fs; - rPu; Nkhid
,iaG eak; : Ntz;Lk; - ,r;nrhy; xt;Nthu; mbapd; <w;wpYk; te;Js;sJ.
22
tpdh vz;.38 gbtk; epug;Gjy; (,uz;lhk; jhspy; 38Mk; tpdh gbtk; epug;GjyhFk; gbtk; jdpahf
Nju;tiwapy; toq;fg;gLk;. KO kjpg;ngz; ngWk; tpdhf;fSs; ,JTk; xd;W)
kJiu fpis ehs; : 21.04.2013 kJiu fpis ehs; : 21.04.2013

,lk; : kJiu ,lk; : kJiu
Nrkpg;Gf; fzf;nfz; 6223301123 Nrkpg;Gf; fzf;nfz; 6 2 2 3 3 0 1 1 2 3
epiyahd fzf;nfz; PAKSK 23654
ngau; xxxxxxxxxxx epiyahd fzf;nfz; P A K S K 2 3 6 5 4
&gha; &.1000/-
fhNrhiy tptuk; : ngau; xxxxxxxxxxx &.1000/-

&gha; Mapuk;
fhNrhiy tptuk; gz tptuk;
ngwg;gl;l njhif fhNrhiy ngwg;gl;l

fhNrhiy njhif
tq;fp / vz;. / tq;fp / jhs; njhif
vz;. / ehs; &. &.
fpis ehs; fpis
1000 x
500 x 1 500
100 x 2 200
fhrhsu; vOj;ju; 50 x 4 200
Nkw;ghu;itahsu; 20 x 5 100
10 x
5x
fhRfs;
nkhj;jk; 1000
xxxxxx
nrYj;Jeu; ifnahg;gk;
,t;ntLj;Jf;fhl;bidj; jtpu ghlg;Gj;jfj;jpYs;s gapw;rp tpdhf;fis gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. gf;f

vz;fs; (84> 146> 228)
fbjg; gapw;rp : tpdh vz;.40

,g;gFjpapy; ,U tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. Gfhu; tpz;zg;gk;> cwtpdu;f;Ff; fbjk; (my;yJ) jd;
tptuf; Fwpg;G> gpupTiu> ghuhl;Liu Nfl;fg;gLk;.
FbePu; trjp> E}yf trjp> kUj;Jt trjp> rhiy trjp> NgUe;J trjp> kw;Wk; ez;gDf;Fg; ghuhl;Lf;
fbjk;> jd;tptuf; Fwpg;G (gf;f vz;. 170> 171) Nghd;wtw;iwg; gapw;rp ngWf.
fl;Liu tpdh vz;.41

fl;Liu tpdhf;fSf;F tpilnaOJk;NghJ> jtwhky; Fwpg;Gr; rl;lfk; vOjpg; goFf. mjw;Fj; jdpNa
kjpg;ngz; cz;L. mj;NjhL> fl;Liug; nghUis tpsf;Fk; rpWrpW jiyg;Gfs;> Nkw;Nfhs; ftpijfs;>
nghd;nkhopfs;> ,itNa kjpg;ngz;iz kpFtpf;Fk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G
Fwpg;Gr; rl;lfk; - epyj;J}a;ik - ePu;J}a;ik - fUk;Gif - xypkhR - KbTiu
Kd;Diu
‘,aw;ifNahL thog;goF kdpjh kdpjh - eP
,aw;ifia nty;tnjd;d vspjh?” vd;W Nfl;lhd; ftpQd;. kdpj kdpj tho;T
,aw;ifNahL ,iae;jpUe;jhy; tsk; kpfk;. ,y;iyNay; ,Us; kpFk;.
23
epyj;J}a;ik
‘tug;Gau ePUaUk;” vd;whu; xsitahu;. ,d;W kz;tsj;ijf; nfLf;Fk; nraw;if ,urhaz
cuq;fs;> G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; kz;zpd; ,aw;if tsk; nfLtNjhL
mjpy; tpis nghUSk; NfL tpistpf;fpd;wd.
ePu;J}a;ik
‘Jzp rhaNkw;wj; njhlq;fp
ejpfspy; rhaNkw;wp Kbj;jhu;fs;” - vd;ghu; ftpQu; rfhuh> rhf;fil ePUk;> Miyf; fopTfSk;
ePu;epiyfspy; fyg;gjhy; ePu;khRgl;Lg; ngUk;ehrk; tpisfpwJ.
fUk;Gif - ngUk;gif
‘fz;
‘fzl ; nghUis vupg;gjdhy; fhw;W k; J}a;ik nfLfpwNj mz;l ntspapy; XNrhDk; mjpfk;
ghjpg;gilfpwNj!”
ilfpwNj ” thdpy; tspkz;lyj;jpy; tpOk; XNrhd; gly Xl;il> fjpnuhspiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Kbahky; kz;Zapy; Nfl;ilAk; Fwpg;ghf ngUe;njhopw;rhiyfs;> Fspu;gjdg; ngl;bfshy; ,f;NfL
Vw;gLfpwJ.
xypkhR
‘tPjpapy; rhiyapy; thfdq;fs; ntspapLk; xypahy; cly;eyq;fs;
xypahNy ” - thfdk; kw;Wk; xypngUf;fpfspd;
ghjpf;Fk; epiy cz;lhFk; gug;Gfpd;w xypahNy!”
NgNuhir kf;fs; nrtpiaf; nfLg;gNjhL> gjw;wj;ijAk; cUthf;Fk;. ,irnad;gJ nkd;ikahff;
Nfl;f Ntz;baJ vd;gij midtUk; czuNtz;Lk;.
KbTiu
‘kuq;fs; ,y;iynad;why; fhw;iw vq;NfNgha;r; ryit nra;tJ?
kuq;fs; ,y;iynad;why; kiof;fhf ahuplk;Ngha; kDg;NghLtJ? vd;W ftpQu; ituKj;J
Nfl;gijf; Nfl;L tPlL
; f;nfhU kuk; tsu;gN
; ghk;> kiongw;W ey;y ePun
; gw;W> ey;y fhw;iwr; Rthrpj;J
nky;ypa ,irNfl;L Nkd;ikaha; tho;Nthk;.
Rw;Wg; Gwj;ijr; #oypidj; J}a;ikg; gLj;jp itj;jpLf!

pLf
ntw;W epyj;jpy; gRiktu tpjtpj khfr; nrbeLf!
nrbeLf
(,tw;Wf;fhd gapw;rpahf
rpahf E}yfk; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liuapd; Fwpg;G rl;lfk; kw;Wk; Nkw;Nfhs;fs;)
E}yfk;
Fwpg;Gr; rl;lfk; - Kd;Diu - E}yfj; Njhw;wk; - E}yfg; gad;fs; - gs;sp E}yfk; - Gfo;ngw;w
E}yfq;fs; - KbTiu
Kd;Diu
‘GdpjKw;W kf;fs; GJ tho;T Ntz;by; Gj;jfrhiy Ntz;Lk; ehl;by; ahz;Lk;” - ghujpjhrd;.
‘fw;wJ ifk;kz;zsT fy;yhjJ cyfsT” - xsitahu;
E}yfj; Njhw;wk;
gyu; fw;w fy;tpapd; jpul;L - gyu; tho;tpd; gadhf xU E}y;.
E}yfg; gad;fs;
‘xU E}yfk; jpwf;fg; gLk;NghJ gy rpiwr;rhiyfs; %lg;gLfpd;wd” ‘Mwpy;yh CUf;F moF gho;>
E}yfkpy;yh CUf;F mwpT gho;”
gs;sp E}y;fs;
‘ey;y E}y;fs; ey;y ez;gu;fs;”> ‘xt;nthU E}Yk; xU tFg;giw”
Gfo;ngw;
ngw;w E}yfq;fs;
ngw
Gj;jfk; gf;f vz;. -,y; cs;sJ Nju;e;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;f
KbTiu
‘E}ysNt MFk; Ez;zwpT” ‘mwpNjhWk; mwpahik” ‘mwpit tpupT nra;”
24
பள்ளிக்கல்வித்துைற,
முைனவ!.நா.அருள்முருகன்,
முதன்ைமக்கல்வி அலுவல!,
25
26

149 Tamil Pudhiya Vetri Namathae

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Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf :

62. Gfhu; fhz;lk; - 13 fhijfs; 77. fhd; - fub

cupa tpiliaj; Nju;en ; jOJf :

127. rj;jpa Nrhjid - jpUts;Stu;

131. tpidNa Mltu;fF ; apu; FWe;njhif

tpilfs; : 38. 133 : 1330

1. Nghypg;Gytu;fisj; jiyapy; Fl;Lgtu; mjtPu uhk ghz;bad;.

17. ee;jptu;kd; tPuk; vj;jifaJ?

neLtpdhf;fs; : (tpdh vz; 47 kw;Wk; 48)

rpy Kf;fpakhd tpdhf;fs; :

∗ cyfj;Jr; rhd;Nwhu; topapy; thOk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjtu; gy E}y;fisf; fw;wtuhapDk;

2. fhykwpjiy ts;Stu; top epd;W tpsf;Ff.

(,) fhykwpjypd; rpwg;G

3. ngupahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly; Fwpj;J ts;Stu; $Wk; fUj;Jfisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

4. nghUs; nray;tif mjpfhuf; fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J vOJf.

∗ nghUs; vd;Dk; tsu;gG

5. ‘Njuh kd;dh’ vd tpspj;Jf; fz;zfp $wpad ahit?

6. FfDf;Fk; ,uhkDf;Fk; eilngw;w ciuahliyj; njhFj;njOJf

2. mk;Ngj;fu; vj;jifa ,e;jpahitf; fhz tpUk;gpdhu;

3. jkpod; mwptpaypd; Kd;Ndhb vd;gij tpsf;Ff.

4. fhe;jpabfs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;iffis njhFj;J vOJf

5. njhopw;fy;tp> njhopy;El;gf; fy;tp Fwpj;J tpupthf vOJf

jkpo; ,uz;lhk; jhs;

cupa tpiliaj; Nju;en ; jOJf

50. epiuftu;jy; vd;gJ _________

(tpdh vz;.11 Kjy; 20 Kba nkhopgapw;rp)

tpdh vz;.13 : njhliu khw;wpaikj;jy;

tpdh vz;.14 : xUikg; gd;ik gpio ePff

(M) Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jJ Nfhg;Gfs; ,Ue;jd

tpdh vz;.15 : re;jpg;gpiofis ePfF; jy;

tpdh vz;.16 : gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fis ePff

tpdh vz;.17 : njhifr; nrhw;fis tpupj;njOJjy;

tpdh vz;.18 : epWj;jw; Fwpapl;L vOJjy;

tpdh vz;.19 : ctikfisr; nrhw;nwhlupy; mikj;jy;

tpdh vz;.20 : kuGj; njhlUf;Nfs;s nghUis vOJjy; (v.fh)

tpdh vz;.28 : ghtif

Neupir Mrpupag;gh (Mrpupag; ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzj;ij vOJf)

tpdh vz;.29 : mzp

3. ,ul;Lw nkhopjy; mzp

4. nrhy; gpd; tU epiyazp

tpdh vz;.30 : (myfpLjy;)

,Wjpr; rPu; tha;gg; hl;il gpd;tUkhW mik

1. gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;gg

gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;gg

2. gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;jn

gupjpkhw; fiyQupd; jkpo;jn

md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lk;

md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lq;fs;

Vioj; jhapd; fUiz

tpdh vz;.34 : (m) Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fisj; jkpohf;fk; nra;jy;

(M) Qhapw;Wf;fpoik tUtjw;F ,d;Dk; MWehs;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wNj? ftiyg;glhNj ehis khiy

tpdh vz;.34 : M) jkpnoz;fs;

tpdh vz;.35 (m) gf;fk; : 31

kuq;fspypUe;J vz;nza; ngWfpNwhk;. rpy kuq;fspd; ,iyfSk; goq;fSk; ekf;F kUe;Jfsha;

tpdh vz;.35 (M)

(v.fh) md;G nra;a tpUk;G

tpdh vz;.37 : nra;As; eak; ghuhl;ly;

(v.fh) gpw ehl;L ey;ywpQu; rhj;jpuq;fs; jkpo; nkhopapw; ngau;j;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jpuz;l fUj;J : gpw nkhopapYs;s ed; E}y;fs; jkpo;nkhopapy; nkhopngau;ff

vJif eak; : gpw ehl;L> ,wthj - mb vJif

Nkhid eak; : GfOila> GJ E}y;fs; - rPu; Nkhid

,iaG eak; : Ntz;Lk; - ,r;nrhy; xt;Nthu; mbapd; <w;wpYk; te;Js;sJ.

kJiu fpis ehs; : 21.04.2013 kJiu fpis ehs; : 21.04.2013