REPORT OF BASIC CHEMICAL PRACTICUM IV

"DETERMINATION OF THE FORMULA FOR A HYDRATE"

BY
VIONNA VERONIKA MAHARANI
(1913071017)

S1 SCIENCE EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND SCIENCE THEACING
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN GANESHA

SINGARAJA
2019
 EXPERIMENT 4
DETERMINATION OF THE FORMULA FOR A HYDRATE

I. Purpose
Students have knowledge of how to determine the amount of water crystals (hydrates)
in BaCl2.xH2O salt through experiments.

II. Basic Theory

Water can be free, as a gas, liquid or solid, depending on the state of
temperature and pressure. In many cases, water can be bound to solids. There are
substances where water is chemically bound to the surface, for example silica gel and
cellulose. There is another substance that binds water to form hydrate crystals. For
example CuSO4.5H2O and Na2SO4.10H2O.

III. Tools and Materials

Tools Materials
- Bunsen burner - BaCl2.xH2O
- Tripod
- Porcelain triangle
- Crush
- Crucible tongs / crusters
- Analytical balance
- Excitator

IV. Work Prosedure

1. Weigh the empty crucible to the accuracy of ± 1 mgr.
2. Weigh 1 gram of barium chloride hydrate and put it in the crucible.
3. Heat the crucible with the contents that are given a lid, over the Bunsen burner flame
using a porcelain triangle.
4. Enlarge the flame of the burner so that it turns glowing red, for more than 20
minutes.
5. Cool the crucible in the air, put it in the excitator.
6. Weigh carefully with the contents carefully.
7. Repeat steps 3-6. until the weight is constant.

V. Hypothesis
Before incubation:
Crucible weight and contents : 54,5468 grams
Empty crush weight : 52,5468 grams _
BaCl2.xH2O weight : 2,00 grams.......................................(a)
 After incubation:
Crucible weight and contents : 51,5862 grams
Empty crush weight : 49,8706 grams _
Lost water weight : 1,7156 grams.......................................(b)
Crystal water calculation :
Known : a = 2,00 gr
b = 1,7156 gr
Asked : Hydrate formula = ...?
Completion :
C = 100% - 14,22%
% H2O = × 100 %
2 = 85,78 %
(a−b) Comparison of BaCl2 and H2O
= × 100 %
2 Formula :
(2 , 00 – 1,7156) (% BaCl2)/(Mr BaCl2) : (% H2O)/(Mr H2O)
= × 100 %
2 (85,78 %)/208 : (14,22 %)/18
0,2844 0,4% : 0,8%
= ×100 %
2 1:2
= 14,22 %
% BaCl2 = 100% - % H2O

Hydrate formula :
BaCl2.xH2O
BaCl2.2H2O

VI. Observation Result

VII. N Work Procedure Observation Documentation
O
1 Weigh the empty crucible to Massa krus kosong
the accuracy of ± 1 mgr. = 21,3637

2 Weigh 1 gram of barium Massa krus kosong

chloride hydrate and put it in dan ditambah
the crucible. dengan massa
hidrat BaCl =
22,0174
3 Heat the crucible with the Pemanasan
contents that are given a lid, berlansung selama
over the Bunsen burner 20 menit dan proses
flame using a porcelain pemijaran ini
triangle. dilakukan sebanyak
3 kali hingga massa
 yang dihasilkan
konstan
4 Cool the crucible in the air, Krus ditutp saat
put it in the excitator. pendinginan
dengan eksikator
adalah agar cepat
mendapatkan
nilaikonstan

5 The incandescent process is Afterglow is done Incandescence 1

carried out 2-3 times times to get a
constant mass

Incandescence 2

Incandescence 3

Before incubation:
Crucible weight and contents : 22,0174 grams
Empty crush weight : 21,3637 grams_ -------------------------(a)
BaCl2.xH2O weight : 0,6537 grams

After incubation:
Crucible weight and contents : 21,9206 grams
Empty crush weight : 21,3637 grams _-------------------------(b)
Lost water weight : 0,5569 grams
 Crystal water calculation :
Know : a = 0,6537 grams
b = 0,5569 grams

% H2O = C/2×100 %
= ((a-b))/2×100 % Comparison of BaCl2 and H2O
= ((0,6537 – 0,5569 ))/2×100 % Formula :
= 0,0968/2×100 % (% BaCl2)/(Mr BaCl2) : (%
= 4.84 % H2O)/(Mr H2O)
% BaCl2 = 100% - % H2O (95,16%)/208 : (4,84%)/18
= 100% - 4.84% 0,4% : 0,2%
= 95,16 % 2:1

Hydrate formula :
BaCl2.xH2O
2BaCl2.H2O

VII. Question and Answer

1. Why does it have to be closed?
When heating it must be closed so that the 2BaCl 2.H2O that is inside does not react
with air containing water vapor which can interfere with the process of separating the
BaCl2 hydrate from hydrate BaCl2xH2O
2. If after incandescent, must be left open so that the contents are exposed to air, then the
weight will return to normal. What why?
Anhydrous BaCl2 determined from 2BaCl2 hydrate. H2O will be returned with water
vapor in the air so it makes the hydrate return and weighs as before. This is called
hydroscopic.
3. What is called anhydric and hygroscopic?
Anhydric is a substance that does not contain molecules.
Hydroscopic is the nature of substances that easily react with air containing water
vapor.

VIII. Discussion
Untuk menentukan rumus senyawa hidrat digunakan suatu metode pemisahan
anhidrat dari hidratnya dengan cara pemijaran, suhingga dapat diketahui jumlah
molekul air yang terikat dalam persenyawaan itu.dalam percobaaan ini digunakan
senyawa hidrat BaCl2xH2O sebelum pemijaran massa bersih BaCl 2 adalah 0,6537 dan
setelah pemijaran massa BaCl2 adalah 0,5569. Setelah itu digunakan rumus
perbandingan mol antar BaCl2 dengan molekul air yang hilang, dari hasilpercobaan
diperoleh perbandingan antara BaCl2 dengan H2O yaitu 2 : 1 dengan demikian dapat
ditentukan rumus hidrat 2BaCl2.H2O selama proses pemijaran dan pendinginan krus
harus ditutup. Hal ini berkaitan dengan sifat suatu senyawa hidrat yangt hidroskopis.
Hidroskopis yaitu sifat mudah bereaksi dengan udara yang mengandung molekul air.
 Jika pada pemijaran hidrat ini bereaksi dengan molekul air yang ada diudara, maka
rumus suatu hidrat tidak dapat ditentukan, karena jumlah molekul air dalam senyawa
hidrat itu mengalami perubahan, sedangkan pada proses pendinginan krus ditutup
dengan tujuan agar cepat mendapatkan nilai konstan.
Proses pemijaran telah mendapatkan nilai yang konstan namun dari proses tersebut
terdapat hasil yang tidak sesuai dengan hasil yang sebenarnya sepertihalnya
perbandingan yang dihasilkan dari percobaan ini yang menghasilkan perbandingan 2 :
1 perbandingan ini terjadi karena beberapa kesalahan yang kami lakukan salah
satunya adalah saat proses penimbangan BaCl 2 yang seharusnya dimasukkan kedalam
krus sebanyak 1 grm tetapi kami asal memasukkannya sehingga memdapatkan massa
hidrat sebanyak 0,6537 hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan tahapan yang ada sehingga
perbandingan yang dihasilkan tidak sesuai, hal ini terjadi karena kurang ketelitain saat
menimbang massa hidrat.

IX. Conclusion
From the experiments that have been carried out it can be concluded that:
1. The properties of hydrate compounds, among others :
a. Can be separated,among others,anhydrous with water molecules that make up
hydrate compounds by incandescent
b. Hydroscopic is the nature of substances that easily react with air containing
water vapor.
2. Reversible reaction of hydration is the reaction of the separation of water
molecules from hydrate compounds by spawning which produces anhydrous air
will be able to react again with water molecules in the air and the possibility of its
weight will return to normal
3. The percentage of water in a hydrate is determined by the formula:
% H2O = C/2×100 %

X. References
Subagia,I Wayan and Sya’ban.2004. Materi Praktikum Kima Dasar I.Singaraja
Fitri Nur Ain Hasan. 2012. Laporan Akhir Praktikum Kimia Dasar Modul 1 in
http://mahasiswa.ung.ac.id/841412001/ (accessed November 09 2019).

Singaraja, November 09, 2019

Supporting lecturer, Do it,

(Dr. I Nyoman Suardana, M.Si) (Vionna Veronika Maharani)

NIP. 19661123993031001 NIM. 1913071017