TOPIC : Capacitors

SUBJECT: PHYSICS DATE: 22-04-2024

Paragraph for Questions no. 1 to 3

It is possible to take a high quality photograph of a very fast moving object by illuminating the object for quite
a small fraction of a second. You may have come across photographs of a bullet penetrating a banana or an
apple in many text books or magazines. This is called 'Stop action' photography because the fast moving
object travels a very short distance during the time of illumination. Harold Edgerton, the inventor of stroboscope,
was a pioneer of this kind of photography.
A normal photographic plate works properly if it receives an energy of 4 J during the exposure. To release
this energy in a very small fraction of time, huge amount of power is required. Such huge power can not be
generated directly from a battery because of its high internal resistance. To produce such power a capacitor
is used. The time in which a capacitor discharges can be very short. Although, theoretically it would take a
long time for a capacitor to discharge completely, it discharges almost completely in about 10 time constants.
Consider the following situation. A capacitor of 200 F, storing 4J energy is made to discharge through a
flash light in 2 ms. This setup is used to take the picture of a bullet moving at a speed of 100 m/s. Assume that
the flash light acts as a resistor and there is no other resistance in the circuit.
1. If we use a lens of power 10 diopters, the lens to photographic plate distance is 15 cm and the bullet moves
perpendicular to the principal axis, what is the distance covered by bullet as seen on photographic plate in 2
ms ?
(A) 1 cm (B) 5 cm
(C) 10 cm (D) 20 cm
2. What is the order of energy delivered to the flash light in 2 ms (approx.)?
(A) 0.4 J (B) 1.83 J
(C) 2.74 J (D) 3.45 J
3. What is the initial current in the circuit ?
(A) 200 A (B) 120 A
(C) 700 A (D) 3700 A

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 Paragraph for Question nos. 4 to 6
A cylinder fitted with a piston which can slide without friction contains one mole of an ideal gas. The walls
of the cylinder and piston are adiabatic. The cylinder contains a resistor of resistance R = 2 k which is
 640 
connected to a capacitor of capacity C = 75 mF. Initially potential difference across capacitor is  V
 3 
and switch is open. When switch is closed for (2.5 ln 4) min, the gas expands isobarically and its temperature
increases by 72 K. Heat loss through the wires is negligible. ( R  8.3 J mole 1k 1 )

4. Work done by the gas is approximately

(A) 0.2 kJ (B) 0.4 kJ
(C) 0.6 kJ (D) 0.8 kJ
5. Increment in internal energy of gas is
(A) 1 kJ (B) 2 kJ
(C) 3 kJ (D) 4 kJ
6. The value of adiabatic exponent  for gas is
(A) 1.1 (B) 1.3
(C) 1.6 (D) 2.5
7. If the switch S is closed, then total charge supplied by the battery of E = 3 V to the circuit is equal to:
(A) 12 C (B) 9 C
(C) 6 C (D) 4 C
8. An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston. The piston is comnected with a light rod
to one plate of capacitor whose other plate is fixed as shown. Initially the volume of the gas inside the
cylinder is V0, pressure is P0, atmospheric pressure is P0, separation between the plates of capacitor is L,
area of the piston as well as of the capacitor plates is A and emf of battery is . A heater supplies necessary
n 0 2
heat to the gas such that equilibrium is achieved when pressure of the gas is given as P  P0  and
L2

piston is displaced towards right by a distance L . Find the value on n.

2

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9. An uncharged capacitor of capacitance C is connected in given circuit diagram, switch S is closed at t = 0.
t

 (in S)
If current in branch BC as function of time is given by I  I 0 (amp)e then find the numerical value of
I0.

10. The figure shows a RC circuit with a parallel plate capacitor. Before switching on the circuit, plate A of the
capacitor has a charge –Q0 while plate B has no net charge. Now, at t = 0, the circuit is switched on. How
much time (in second) will elapse before the net charge on plate A becomes zero.

2  106
(Given C  1 F,Q0  1mC,   1000 V and R  )
ln 3

11. A parallel plate capacitor with plates of length  is included in a circuit as shown in figure. Given are the emf
of the current source 1, its internal resistance r and the distance d between the plates. An electron with a
velocity v flies into the capacitor, parallel to the plates. Resistance R (in ohm) is x × 10 should be connected
in parallel with the capacitor so that the electron flies out of the capacitor at angle of 37° to the plates. Then
the value of x is. (Assume that circuit is in study state and neglect relativistic effect)

1
(Take   91cm,   3 V, r  2, d  mm, v  4  107 m/s, me  9.1 1031 kg and e  1.6  1019 c )
3

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12. A block A of mass M kept on a rough horizontal surface is connected to a dielectric slab of mass M/6
and dielectric constant k by means of a light and inextensible string passing over a fixed pulley as
shown in the figure. The dielectric 'can completely fill the space between the parallel plate capacitor of
plate area ×  and separation between the plates d kept in vertical position. Initially switch S is open
and length of the dielectric inside the capacitor is b. The coefficient of friction between the block A and
Mgd
the surface is  = 1/4. Ignore any other friction. (Given  24 ).
 0 ( k  1)

Find the minimum value of the emf = V of the battery so that after closing the switch the block A will move.
13. In the following figure, the capacitors have plate area A    b , separation ‘d’. If the slab is displaced
md 1
slightly, find the time period of the oscillation. Given mass of the dielectric = m. (Given  ).
 0 b(k  1) 2
2

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ANSWER KEY

Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Ans. C D A C A C D 2 16 2 1 2 4

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