APPLIED SUBJECT

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
_____ Semester, SY _____________
QUARTER 2, MODULE 5
COLLECT DATA THROUGH
OBSERVATION AND
INTERVIEW
Practical Research 1
Grade 12 Self-Learning Modules
____ Semester, SY _____ Quarter 2 – Module 5: Collect Data through
Observation and Interview First Edition, 2021

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2
 Collect Data Through Observation
LESSON
and Interview

Hello Senior High! In this lesson you will learn to:

1. Know the methods of data collection in qualitative research and;
2. Collect data through observation and interview

Before we proceed, do you know that observations, interviews, document reviews, and
audio visual materials are the most basic and popular data collection methods used in
qualitative research? The method chosen is determined by the research's requirements
(Creswell, 2009). A variety of research techniques, or a combination of them, can be used by
the researcher. This module will introduce you to basic qualitative research techniques and
methods. For a clearer understanding of how each technique or approach is used, examples
are provided for you.
Remember your lessons in quarter 4 of modules 3 and 4 where you learned the
different data collection methods such as observation, interviews, questionnaires, and the like.
You will understand this module better when you integrate those learnings in drafting your
research instrument. Furthermore, this will be useful in conducting your actual research study.

Discussion of the Lesson

Methods of Data Collection in Qualitative Research

1. Observation

 When interviews and questionnaires are not practical, such as when the research
subjects are very young children or people with disabilities, observation is the preferred
method of data collection.
 When you use the observation process, you observe and research people in their
natural environments using your senses. It entails monitoring behaviors and
documenting the findings (Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017).

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Steps in the Process of Observing (Creswell, 2007)
(Cited in Buensuceso, Dacanay, Manalo, & San Gabriel, 2016)

1. Select the research site.

This is the location where you can learn the most about the core phenomenon or
subject you're researching. Obtaining access through a letter of consent is a necessary first
step for a researcher.
2. Develop observational protocol and/or observation checklist.
The observational protocol is a tool for keeping track of observations. It contains both
descriptive (about what happened) and reflective (learning based on what was observed)
elements.
3. Focus the observation.
Consider what catches your eye before taking some notes. There will be a lot to look
at on the research site, but concentrate your observation on what will help you understand the
research issue.
4. Determine your role.
As a researcher, how will you do the observation? Are you going to be a participant or
a non-participant observer?
5. Record field notes.
Record what you see with your five senses using the Observation Protocol. The
observations should be organized in a chronological or orderly fashion.
6. Slowly withdraw.
Slowly leave the room after observing the participants and thanking them for their
time.
Sample of Unstructured Observation Protocol

Duration of Activity:

Descriptive Notes Reflective Notes

General: (Objective of your research)
Start of observation:

Source: Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five
Approaches.

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Sample of Unstructured Observation Protocol Filled Out with Data

Duration of Activity: 60 minutes

Descriptive Notes Reflective Notes

General: What are the experiences of Grade

11 students as they study Basic Calculus?
Start of observation: 7:00 AM

The class started on time, but some I wonder if these students always come
students arrived late. late?

There are more than 50 students in the
classroom.
Some students seated at the back start to
become sleepy.
Can the teacher manage this big class?
I wonder if it’s the class that makes them
sleepy or their activity at night?

Source: Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five
Approaches.
Sample of Structured Observation Checklist # 1
Teamwork Observation Checklist
Group 1 Names of Members
Positive Behaviors Paolo Leslie Marlon Rizza Ruby
1. Cooperates with group members in performing
assigned tasks
2. Motivates other group members
3. Shows respect for group members
4. Participates in group activities
5. Uses kind words and shows caring actions
6. Exhibits good manners
7. Accomplishes assigned tasks
8. Listens attentively at all times
9. Answers questions when asked
10. Shows enthusiasm to attain group outcomes
Negative Behaviors Paolo Leslie Marlon Rizza Ruby
1. Does not cooperate with group members in
performing assigned tasks
2. Discourages other group members
3. Shows disrespect for group members
4. Does not participate in group activities
5. Uses unkind words and shows inconsiderate
actions
6. Exhibits bad manners
7. Does not accomplish assigned tasks
8. Does not listen attentively
9. Does not answer questions when asked
10. Shows indifference and laziness
Source: Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017

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Sample of Structured Observation Checklist # 2
“Identification of Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in the Classroom”
Behavior Checklist Oftentimes Sometimes Not REMARKS
Apparent
1. Irritable and angry
2. Stealing things from classmates

3. Inattentive
4. Sleeping in class
5. Bullying others
6. Always crying
7. Fights with classmates
8. Has learning difficulties
9. Shows mood of sadness
10. Not cooperative in class activities

11. Shows physical symptoms of

fear
12. Always alone
13. Unwilling to follow directions
14. Violent or aggressive
15. Inflicting harm on others
16. Refuses to work soon
assignments
17. Impatient and restless
18. Shows temper tantrums
19. Lying
20. Destroying property
Source: Prieto, Naval, & Carey, 2017

2. Interview

 An interview is a one-on-one interaction between two or more members of the target

population to collect data for a research project.
 Interviews are used to learn about people's feelings, values, viewpoints, perceptions,
and judgments about a topic.
 Researchers favor the interview approach for qualitative research projects because of
its high response rate, longer time, and ability to observe behaviors as well as listen to
personal opinions and expectations regarding a research subject of interest (Prieto,
Naval, & Carey, 2017).

Steps in Conducting a Qualitative Interview (Creswell, 2007)

1. Decide whether interviews are appropriate

Participants must first consent to the interview process; otherwise, the method is
unnecessary and will not yield any useful information. Determine if the information is sensitive,
and if so, observation will be sufficient to gather the necessary data.

2. Choose the type of interview

Are you going to conduct a structured or unstructured interview? In a focus group
discussion or a one-on-one interview, which form would you use?

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3. Invite Participants
Before holding the interview session, a letter of permission should be sent to the
participants, and they must respond indicating their approval.
4. Develop an Interview Protocol

This is a list of interview questions or guiding questions that you would ask the
interviewees. The questions are based on your research questions, and they should be able
to generate the data you need to answer them.

5. Arrange the audio equipment

Make sure your audio equipment is ready to go. You can record with your phone or
any other audio recording device. In your letter of permission, make it clear that you will be
documenting the whole conversation and that you will be the only one who has access to it.

6. Arrange for a quiet setting for the interview

It is preferable to meet in a comfortable and quiet location selected by the participants.

7. Conduct the interview

Before the interview, double-check the audio equipment. To begin, tell the participant
interviewee about yourself and the research you're doing. Maintain focus and adhere to the
time frame specified in the letter of permission.

8. Follow-up after an interview

After the interview, thank the interviewee and comply with their requests, such as a
copy of the abstract. The interviewees must be informed if a follow-up is needed to explain
any points posed during the interview session.

Parts of an Interview Protocol (Creswell, 2007)

1. Basic Information about the Interview

It specifies the time and date of the interview, the location of the interview, and the
names of the interviewees.

2. Introduction

This gives the interviewer directions that will direct him or her through the interview.
The interviewer must introduce himself or herself, as well as the research aim and
objectives.

3. Opening Question

It's all about getting to know the participants and making them feel at ease.
Questions about their work or hobbies are nice conversation starters. Personal questions
must be avoided at all costs.

4. Content Questions

These are sub-questions focused on the study's main phenomenon.

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5. Closing Instructions

Thank the interviewee for taking the time to attend the interview.

Sample of Interview Protocol

Background Information on Interviewee

Date:

Location:

Name:

Introduction

Good morning, Mr. Juan De La Cruz. My name is Mr. Gregg Adiz and I am presently
conducting a research about Grade 11 students’ experiences in their Basic Calculus Class.
The objective of this study is to gather empirical data and understand their experiences.

Opening Question

 Tell me something about yourself, Mr. Juan De La Cruz.

(Note: Provide spaces for taking notes in case audio will have problem.)

 How long have you been studying here?

(Note: Provide spaces for taking notes in case audio will have problem.)

Content Questions

 Tell me about your Basic Calculus class.

o Why do you say so? (Follow-up)

o What do you mean by difficult? (probing question)

o Can you provide concrete examples?

Closing Instructions

Thank you very much (Acknowledge the class for their time). I would like you to know
that I am the only one who will have access to this audio material and after the research, the
content will be erased. If you wish to have a copy of the abstract of this research, I would be
very willing to send you one. Do you have any question?

Source: Buensuceso, D.B., Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A., & San Gabriel, N.M. (2016). Practical
Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. DepEd-BLR

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 Sample Format of Letter of Consent

Date:

Name of Respondent
Title
Name of Office
Address

Dear ,

We are Grade 11 students of (Write your school name) who are currently
doing a research on (State your topic) . The study is a major requirement for
Practical Research 1 Course. In this regard, we would like to solicit your permission to
interview you to learn more about (Write the information that you seek from the participant)
.

If you choose to participate in this study, we will schedule a time to meet with you at your
most convenient time. During this time, we would like to ask questions concerning (Write
the general objective of conducting the interview) . This interview will take
approximately (Write the time duration) . With your permission, we would
like to audiotape the interview in order to focus on the conversation. Only the group will
have access to the tape. The recordings will be transcribed and we will remove any
identifiers during the transcription. The tape will then be erased and your identity will be
kept confidential and will not be revealed in the final manuscript.

(If you will do an observation, state that here.)

We will contact you again (through your secretary if there’s any) in a few
days to clarify and answer any questions you may have about this project and possibly
schedule an interview and (observation time) .

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions through (Your email)

We are thanking you in advance for you consideration to participate in this study.

Respectfully yours,
Your name/s

Noted by:
Your Teacher‘s Name
Practical Research I Teacher

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Exercise 1: Complete the sentence.
Directions: Fill in the box with the correct word or words to complete the sentence. Choose
your answer from the word bank below.
WORD BANK
Behavior Letter of Consent Reflective notes senses
descriptive notes observation protocol research title
1. When using the observation method, you use your to observe and study people
in their natural settings.
2. It involves observing and recording the results of your observations.
3. Doing the qualitative observation in the will give the best understanding of
the central phenomenon or topic being studied.
4. Sending a is a prerequisite first step that a researcher must do before
conducting observation and interview with the respective participants.
5. The is a method used for recording observation notes.
6. Observation protocol includes or those about what happened and
7. or learnings based on what has been observed.

WORD BANK
answer interview protocol recording Thank
conversation Introduce yourself Stay on topic type of interview

8. An interview is a personal between two or more people which constitute

the target population to collect information for a research project. Interviews are used to
explore opinions, beliefs, viewpoints, thoughts, experiences, and judgments about something.

9. Choose whether you will use structured or unstructured interviews, focus

group discussion, or one-on-one interview.

10. Develop an or a list of questions or guide questions which you will be

asked to the interviewees.
11. The questions are based on your research questions and should be able to produce

information needed to your research questions.

12. You may use your cellphone or any other audio recording device for the
conversation with permission from the research participants.

13. First, and the research being conducted to the participant interviewee.

14. and to the time mentioned in the letter of permission.

15. the interviewees after the session and honor their requests such as a copy of
the abstract.

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Exercise 2. Observation Protocol

Directions: Make your observation protocol guide as tool to gather data about your research
problem and specific research questions approved by your teacher. You will be using this
product in the next task.

Observation Protocol Template

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Exercise 3. Interview Protocol

Directions: Make your interview protocol guide as tool to gather data about your research
problem and specific research questions approved by your teacher. You will be using this
product in the next task.

Interview Protocol Template

Background Information on Interviewee

Date:
Location:
Name:

Introduction

Good morning, (interviewee’s name) . My name is (state

your name) and I am presently conducting a research about (state
the title of your research). The objective of this study is (state the objective)
. Tell me something about yourself, Mr./Ms. .

Opening Question

Content Questions

Closing Instructions
Thank you very much, (interviewee’s name) for
your time. I would like you to know that I am the only one who will have access to
this audio material and after the research, the content will be erased. If you wish to
have a copy of the abstract of this research, I would be very willing to send you one.
Do you have any question?

Again, thank you very much!

Thank you for answering the practice exercises. If you answered the practice exercises
correctly, you are now ready to proceed to do the written works. If not, please try until you
arrived on the correct answer.

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Instruction: Please write your learning from the above discussion. Write your learning in
your notebook/answer sheet.
Upon reading the lesson above, I learned that…

and realized that…

Directions: Write what is asked in the following thinking clouds.

What are the things I will do before conducting an observation?




What are the things I will do during an

observation?




What are the things I will do after an observation?



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 What are the things I will do before conducting an
interview?







What are the things I will do during an interview?




What are the things I will do after an interview?

What are the parts of an interview protocol?







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 Note: This performance task is intended to be accomplished within Week 5-6 only. The
DEADLINE OF SUBMISSION will be on

Simulation: Collecting Data Through Interview

Instructions:

1. Recall your approved research study title and its specific research questions.

2. Prepare the Letter of Consent and Informed Consent Form that you will send to the
research participants described in your research methodology.

3. Prepare the Interview Protocol that you will use for the interview. You may use the
interview protocol you prepared in Exercise 3.

4. Submit the Letter of Consent, Informed Consent Form, and Interview Protocol to your
research adviser or teacher for checking and approval.

5. When the necessary documents are approved, you may start to conduct a structured
interview as your data collection method to answer the research questions in your
research study.

6. Apply the steps you learned in conducting the interview.

7. If possible, it is better to use mediated interview to reach your distant research

participants. You may set a schedule of the mediated interview at the convenience of
your research participants.

8. You may use a sample of the research study attach here for your guide.

Good luck.

Note: The instructions above can be enhanced or modified by the research teacher
according to the context of their respective school and learners.

15
Example of Memory Aid Containing list of Structure Interview Questions

Source: Menoy, J.Z., Millano, K.M., & Tuason, J.M.B. (2018). Practical research 1 for
Senior High School. Mandaluyong City. Books Atbp Publishing Corporatio

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Exercise 1: Complete the sentence.
senses
1. .
behavior
2.
research title
3.
Letter of Consent
4.
observation protocol
5.
descriptive notes
6.
Reflective notes
7.
conversation
8.
type of interview
9.
interview protocol
10.
answer
11.
recording
12.
Introduce yourself
13.
Stay on topic
14.
Thank
15.

Exercise 2: Observation Protocol

(Output may vary)

Exercise 3: Interview Protocol

(Output may vary)

17
Baraceros, E.L. (2016). Practical research 1. Rex Book Store, Inc.
Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches.
Menoy, J.Z., Millano, K.M., & Tuason, J.M.B. (2018). Practical research 1 for Senior High
School. Mandaluyong City. Books Atbp Publishing Corporatio
Prieto, N.G., Naval, V.C., & Carey, T.G. (2017). Practical Research 1 for Senior High School.
Lorimar Publishing.
Luenendonk, M. (2019). Interview Schedule: Definition, Types, Templates and Tips. Retrieved
from https://www.cleverism.com/interview-schedule-definition-types-templates-tips/
Warren, K. (2020). Qualitative Data Analysis Methods 101: The “Big 5” Methods+ Examples.
Retrieved from https://gradcoach.com/qualitative-data-analysis-methods/
Buensuceso, D.B., Dacanay, D.E., Manalo, G.A., & San Gabriel, N.M. (2016). Practical
Research 1 Teacher’s Guide. DepEd-BLR

18