Drishti IAS Presents...

M iscellaneous (January 2021 — March 2022)

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Drishti IAS, 641, Mukherjee Nagar, Drishti IAS, 21 Drishti IAS, Tashkent Marg, Drishti IAS, Tonk Road,
Opp. Signature View Apartment, Pusa Road, Karol Bagh Civil Lines, Prayagraj, Vasundhra Colony,
New Delhi New Delhi - 05 Uttar Pradesh Jaipur, Rajasthan
e-mail: englishsupport@groupdrishti.com, Website: www.drishtiias.com
Contact: 011430665089, 7669806814, 8010440440
2 PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
1. Ans: A
Exp:
z Param Vir Chakra: It is India’s highest military
decoration awarded for displaying distinguished acts
of valor during wartime whether on land, at sea or in
the air. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
z Ashoka Chakra: It is the highest military award during
peacetime for valor, courageous action or sacrifice.
‹ It is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or
some act of daring or pre-eminent act of valor or
self-sacrifice otherwise than in the face of the
enemy. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
z Sena Medal: It is awarded for acts of exceptional
devotion to duty or courage in the Army. Hence,
statement 3 is not correct.
2. Ans: B
Exp:
z The Padma Awards are announced annually on
Republic Day (26th January).
‹ Instituted in 1954, it is one of the highest civilian
honours of India.
z The awards are conferred to recognize achievements in
all fields of activities or disciplines where an element of
public service is involved.
‹ Padma Awards are given in three categories:
€ Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and
distinguished service),
€ Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of
higher-order) and
‹ Padma Shri (distinguished service).
€ Padma Vibhushan is highest in the hierarchy
of Padma Awards followed by Padma
Bhushan and Padma Shri.
z Disciplines:
‹ The Awards are given in various disciplines/ fields
of activities, viz.- art, social work, public affairs,
science and engineering, trade and industry,
medicine, literature and education, sports, civil
service etc. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
z Selection Process:
‹ Padma Awards Committee: The Awards are
conferred on the recommendations made by the
Padma Awards Committee, which is constituted
by the Prime Minister every year. Hence,
statement 3 is correct.
www.d rish ti IAS.co m
€ Awarded by President: The awards are
presented by the President of India usually
in the month of March/April every year.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
3. Ans: B
Exp:
z Winter Olympics is the premier competition for sports
that are played on ice or snow. It is held every four
years and features participants from across the world.
‹ Ice skating, ice hockey, skiing and figure skating
are some of the popular sports that are played at
the Winter Games.
z The first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in
Chamonix, France, the host country for the 1924
Summer Olympics.
‹ Winter sports were initially played at the Summer
Olympics, with the 1908 London Olympics hosting
four figure skating events and Antwerp 1920
having figure skating as well as ice hockey.
‹ However, in 1924, a separate event was created
for winter sports, called the International Winter
Sports Week.
z Two years later, the International Winter Sports Week
in Chamonix was officially recognised as the first Winter
Olympic Games.
‹ This years’ edition of the Winter Olympic Games
will be held in Beijing, China from 4th February to
20th February 2022.
‹ India has been participating in the Winter
Olympics since 1964.
z Hence, option B is correct.
4. Ans: D
Exp:
Medaram Jathara:
z Medaram Jatara is the second-largest fair of India,
after the Kumbh Mela. Hence statement 1 is correct.
z It is celebrated by the second-largest Tribal Community
of Telangana- the Koya tribe for four days. Hence
statement 3 is correct.
z Medaram Jatara is also known as Sammakka Saralamma
Jatara.
z It is a tribal festival honoring the fight of a mother and
daughter, Sammakka and Saralamma, with the reigning
rulers against an unjust law.
z It is celebrated in the state of Telangana. The Jatra
begins at Medaram in Tadvai Mandal in Warangal
district.
w w w. d r i s h t i I A S.c om PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
‹ Medaram is a remote place in the Eturnagaram
Wildlife Sanctuary, a part of Dandakaranya, the
largest surviving forest belt in the region.
z It is celebrated once in two years in the month of
“Magha” (February) on the full moon day.
z People offer bangaram/gold (jaggery) of a quantity
equal to their weight to the goddesses and take holy
bath in Jampanna Vagu, a tributary to River Godavari.
z It was declared a State Festival in 1996. Currently it is a
State Festival of Telangana. Hence statement 2 is
correct.
5. Ans: D
Exp:
z Every year, Indian Navy Day is celebrated on 4th
December to respect the Indian Navy’s counter-attack
in Operation Trident during the Indo-Pakistan war in
1971.
‹ It was a counter-attack by the Indian Navy on the
Karachi harbour during the Indo-Pakistan war in
1971.
‹ India used anti-ship missiles for the first time
during this operation and destroyed the Pakistani
destroyer ship PNS Khaibar. Hence, statement 1 is
correct.
z It is headed by the President of India as its Supreme
Commander. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
z Indian Navy’s Motto is - Sam no Varunah ('ka uks o:.k)
that means that the God of water, Varuna, should be
auspicious unto us.
z Hence, statement 3 is correct.
6. Ans: A
Exp:
z The World Programme of Action (WPA) is a global
strategy to enhance disability prevention,
rehabilitation and equalization of opportunities, which
pertains to full participation of persons with disabilities
in social life and national development. The WPA also
emphasizes the need to approach disability from a
human rights perspective. Hence, option A is correct.
7. Ans: D
Exp:
z The Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from
developing countries has been awarded annually
since 2005. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
‹ It is administered by the Abdus Salam
International Centre for Theoretical Physics
(ICTP) jointly with the Department of Science and
Technology (DST) Government of India and the
International Mathematical Union (IMU).
3
€ The DST has agreed to fund the Prize, starting
with the 2014 Prize. Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
€ It has been supported by DST in the memory
of Srinivasa Ramanujan, a genius in pure
mathematics who was essentially self-taught
and made spectacular contributions to
elliptic functions, continued fractions, infinite
series, and analytical theory of numbers.
z It is awarded to a researcher from a developing country
who is less than 45 years of age on 31st December of
the year of the award, and who has conducted
outstanding research in a developing country.
z Researchers working in any branch of the mathematical
sciences are eligible. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
z The Prize carries a USD 15,000 cash award.
8. Ans: A
Exp:
z Chillai Kalan is the harshest winter period in Kashmir
starting from 21st December to 29th January every
year.
z Chillai Kalan is a Persian term that means ‘major cold’.
z Chillai-Kalan is followed by a 20-day long Chillai Khurd
(small cold) that occurs between January 30 and
February 18 and a 10-days long Chillai Bachha (baby
cold) which is from February 19 to February 28.
z The 40-day period brings a lot of hardships for Kashmiris
as the temperature drops considerably leading to the
freezing of water bodies, including the famous Dal Lake
here.
z During these 40 days, the chances of snowfall are the
highest and the maximum temperature drops
considerably. The minimum temperature in the Valley
hovers below the freezing point.
9. Ans: C
Exp:
World Bank
z About:
‹ It was created in 1944, as the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
along with the International Monetary Fund
(IMF). The IBRD later became the World Bank.
Hence statement 1 is correct.
‹ The World Bank Group is a unique global
partnership of five institutions working for
sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and
build shared prosperity in developing countries.
4 PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
z Members:
‹ It has 189 member countries.
‹ India is also a member country.
z Major reports:
‹ Ease of Doing Business (Stopped publishing
recently).
‹ Human Capital Index.
‹ World Development Report.
‹ Hence, statement 2 is correct.
z Its Five development institutions:
‹ International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD)
‹ International Development Association (IDA)
‹ International Finance Corporation (IFC).
‹ Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
‹ International Centre for the Settlement of
Investment Disputes (ICSID)
€ India is not a member of this.
10. Ans: C
Exp:
z Recently, the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports
announced the National Sports Awards 2021 which
comprises six different awards given to sportspersons
of India by the Central Government. The awards are:
‹ Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award: Formerly
known as the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, it is the
highest award bestowed to a sports person in
India and was instituted in the year 1991-1992.
Hence, pair 1 is not correctly matched.
€ It is given for the spectacular and most
outstanding performance in the field of
sports by a sportsperson over a period of the
previous four years.
‹ Arjuna Award: It was instituted in 1961 by the
Government of India to recognise outstanding
achievement in national sports events.
€ It is given for good performance over a period
of previous four years and showing qualities
of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of
discipline.
‹ Dronacharya Award: It was instituted in 1985 by
the Government of India to recognise excellence
in sports coaching.
€ It is given to coaches for doing outstanding
and meritorious work on a consistent basis
and enabling sportspersons to excel in
International events.
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‹ Dhyan Chand Award: It was instituted in the year
2002 and comprises a Dhyan Chand statuette, a
cash prize of Rs 10 lakh, a certificate and a
ceremonial dress.
€ It is given to honour sportspersons who have
contributed to sports by their performance
and continue to contribute to promotion of
sports events after their retirement.
‹ Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy: It was
instituted in the year 1956-1957.
€ It is for university-level sports performances.
Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
€ It is given to a university for “top performance
in the inter-university tournaments” over the
period of the last one year.
‹ Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar: It was
instituted in the year 2009
€ It is given to corporate entities (both in
private and public sector), sports control
boards, NGOs including sports bodies at the
State and National level who have played a
visible role in the area of sports promotion
and development. Hence, pair 3 is correctly
matched.
z Hence, option C is correct.
11. Ans: A
Exp:
z The Vienna Classification (VCL) is an international
classification system established in 1973 by the Vienna
Agreement Establishing an International Classification
of the Figurative Elements of Marks, and administered
by the World Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO).
z It consists of a hierarchical system that proceeds from
the general to the particular, classifying the figurative
elements of marks into categories, divisions and
sections, on the basis of their shape.
z WIPO is one of the oldest specialized agencies of the
United Nations. It is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.
z Hence, option A is correct.
12. Ans: B
Exp:
z The Padma Awards are announced annually on
Republic Day (26th January).
‹ It was instituted in 1954, except for brief
interruption (suspended) during the years 1978
and 1979 and 1993 to 1997.
w w w. d r i s h t i I A S.c om PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
z It is one of the highest civilian honours of India. A
higher category of Padma award can be conferred on a
person only where a period of at least five years has
elapsed since conferment of the earlier Padma award.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
z Categories: The Awards are given in three categories:
‹ Padma Vibhushan (for exceptional and
distinguished service),
‹ Padma Bhushan (distinguished service of higher-
order) and
‹ Padma Shri (distinguished service).
‹ Padma Vibhushan is highest in the hierarchy of
Padma Awards followed by Padma Bhushan and
Padma Shri. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
13. Ans: B
Exp:
z The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and
Development was instituted in the memory of the
former prime minister by a trust (Indira Gandhi
Memorial Trust) in her name in 1986. Hence statement
1 is not correct.
z It consists of a monetary award of Rs 25 lakh along with
a citation.
z The award is given to individuals or organisations who
work towards ensuring international peace and
development, ensuring that scientific discoveries are
used to further the scope of freedom and better
humanity, and creating a new international economic
order.
z In 2021, Pratham, a civil society organisation was
conferred the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace,
Disarmament and Development. Hence statement 2 is
correct.
12. Ans: C
Exp:
z Post-Independence, first three gallantry awards namely
Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra
were instituted by the government of India on January
26th 1950 which were deemed to have effect from 15th
August, 1947. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
z Param Vir Chakra is India’s highest military decoration
awarded for displaying distinguished acts of valour
during wartime whether on land, at sea or in the air.
Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
z Maha Vir Chakra is the second highest gallantry award
for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the
enemy.
5
z Ashok Chakra is the highest military award during
peacetime for valour, courageous action or sacrifice.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
15. Ans: D
Exp:
5-star rated Garbage Free Cities in India:
z Under the Star Rating Protocol of Garbage Free Cities,
9 cities were certified as 5-star cities while 143 cities
were certified as 3-star.
‹ The Star Rating Protocol was launched by MoHUA
in 2018 to institutionalize a mechanism for cities
to achieve Garbage Free status, and to motivate
cities to achieve higher degrees of sustainable
cleanliness.
z The nine 5-star rated cities are Indore, Surat, New
Delhi Municipal Council, Navi Mumbai, Ambikapur,
Mysuru, Noida, Vijayawada, and Patan.
z Hence, option D is correct.
16. Ans: C
Exp:
z Peacetime Highest Gallantry Awards:
‹ Ashoka Chakra is the highest military award
during peacetime for valour, courageous action
or sacrifice.
€ It is awarded for most conspicuous bravery or
some act of daring or pre-eminent act of
valour or self-sacrifice otherwise than in the
face of the enemy.
‹ Kirti Chakra is the second highest peacetime
gallantry award and is awarded for valour,
courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the
field of battle.
‹ Shaurya Chakra is awarded to the personnel of
the armed forces for instances of extraordinary
gallantry.
z Maha Vir Chakra is the second highest wartime
gallantry award for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the
presence of the enemy whether on land, at sea or in
the air.
z Hence, option C is correct.
17. Ans: B
Exp:
z The Padma Awards are announced annually on
Republic Day (26th January).
‹ It was instituted in 1954, except for brief
interruption (suspended) during the years 1978
and 1979 and 1993 to 1997.
‹ It is one of the highest civilian honours of India.
6 PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
z Padma Awards Committee: The Awards are conferred
on the recommendations made by the Padma Awards
Committee, which is constituted by the Prime Minister
every year. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
z Awarded by President: The awards are presented by
the President of India usually in the month of March/
April every year. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
18. Ans: D
Exp:
z Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) is a climbing shrub that
grows on other trees, from the botanical family
Menispermaceae.
‹ It is an essential herb in Ayurvedic medicine and
all its parts are thought to have health benefits.
‹ The plant is native to India but also found in China
and tropical areas of Australia and Africa.
z Properties:
‹ Hepatoprotective: Giloy is an efficient
hepatoprotective agent. It increases the
glutathione (GSH) level and supports the liver to
detoxify toxic waste from the body.
‹ Cardioprotective: Giloy modulates lipid
metabolism via inhibiting glucuronide and
cholesterol and also protects hearts against
infarction with its antioxidant properties.
€ Infarction is tissue death (necrosis) due to
inadequate blood supply to the affected
area.
‹ Neuroprotective: It modulates the antioxidant
enzyme system of brain tissue and preserves
dopaminergic neurons.
‹ Prevent Respiratory Illness: Giloy has been
preferred traditionally to treat ailments such as
bronchitis and chronic cough.
€ Due to its powerful anti-inflammatory and
antioxidant properties it pacifies the mucous
membrane of the respiratory system thereby
making it very effective in respiratory issues
like asthma, cough, cold and tonsils.
z Hence, option D is correct.
19. Ans: B
Exp:
z The 2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to
Benjamin List and David MacMillan for the development
of asymmetric organocatalysis. Hence, pair 1 is not
correctly matched.
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z The 2021 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences has been
awarded in one half to Canadian-born David Card and
the other half jointly to Israeli-American Joshua D
Angrist and Dutch-American Guido W Imbens. Hence,
pair 2 is correctly matched.
z The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded
to novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah “for his uncompromising
and compassionate penetration of the effects of
colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf
between cultures and continents”. Hence, pair 3 is not
correctly matched.
20. Ans: A
Exp:
Earthshot Prize:
z The award will honour five finalists between 2021 and
2030 for developing solutions to fight the climate
crisis. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
z Each year five winners will be selected, one for each of
the Five United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals(SDGs) :
‹ Restoration and protection of nature
‹ Air cleanliness
‹ Ocean revival
‹ Waste-free living
‹ Climate action.
z It is an award set up by Prince William and the Royal
Foundation, the charity founded by the Duke and
Duchess of Cambridge, and historian David
Attenborough. Hence, statement 2 is not correct
z Vidyut Mohan, a Delhi-based entrepreneur, won the
inaugural edition of The Earthshot Prize. He won it for
his innovative technology that recycles agricultural
waste to create fuel. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
21. Ans: B
Exp:
z Recently, Kerala has won the award for the ‘city with
the most Sustainable Transport System’.
‹ It will be presented by the Ministry for Housing
and Urban Affairs.
z The award is given in recognition of the transport
facilities in various states and Union Territories of
India.
z The award has been given in recognition of the projects
implemented — like Kochi Metro, Water Metro (Water
Connectivity with the same experience as metro) and
E-mobility — to enhance the transport facilities in the
city of Kochi.
w w w. d r i s h t i I A S.c om PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
‹ The formation of the Kochi Open Mobility
Network, which digitized and integrated various
transport facilities, also helped to win the award.
z Hence, option B is correct.
22. Ans: D
Exp:
z Mastitis, or inflammation of the mammary gland, is the
most common and the most expensive disease of dairy
cattle throughout most of the world.
z Several types of bacteria cause distinctly different
mastitis infections.
z Antibiotic infusions into the udder nearly always cure
the clinical disease but may not eliminate the bacterial
infection.
z Significance of Mastirak Gel:
‹ It can improve the udder (Milk producing part)
health.
‹ It reduces inflammation which is detrimental to
the udder.
‹ It also reduces the use of antibiotics and helps in
the cost-effective management of the disease.
‹ Treatment of infected animals with antibiotics
poses a public health hazard.
‹ Hence, option D is correct.
23. Ans: A
Exp:
z The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics is awarded with one
half jointly to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and
the other half to Giorgio Parisi “for groundbreaking
contributions to our understanding of complex physical
systems.”
z The 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded
to novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah for his “uncompromising
and compassionate penetration of the effects of
colonialism”.
z The 2021 Nobel Prize for chemistry has been awarded
to German scientist Benjamin List of the Max Planck
Institute and Scotland-born scientist David WC
MacMillan of Princeton University.
z The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 was
awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for
their contribution in identification of the mechanism
through which touch detectors communicate with the
nervous system.
z Hence, option A is correct.
7
24. Ans: D
Exp:
z The World Heritage Institute of Training and Research
– Asia Pacific (WHITR-AP) is a non-profit organization
specialized in the area of heritage conservation.
‹ It is an institute under the auspices of UNESCO, it
is the first one established in the developing
countries.
‹ It is an autonomous institution at the service of
member states and associate members of
UNESCO.
‹ Its mission is to strengthen implementation of the
World Heritage Convention 1972 in the Asia and
the Pacific region.
z The World Heritage Convention is one of the most
important global conservation instruments which was
created in 1972.
‹ Its mission is to identify and protect the world’s
natural and cultural heritage considered to be of
Outstanding Universal Value.
‹ It sets out the duties of States Parties in
identifying potential sites and their role in
protecting and preserving them. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
€ By signing the Convention, each country
pledges to conserve not only the World
Heritage sites situated on its territory, but
also to protect its national heritage.
‹ India is a signatory to the convention and has 40
world heritage sites, which includes 32 cultural, 7
natural and one mixed property. Hence, statement
2 is correct.
€ Ramappa Temple in Telangana was the 39th
and Dholavira in Gujarat was India’s 40th
world heritage site.
€ Hence, statement 3 is correct.
25. Ans: D
Exp:
z Rice is a kharif crop which requires high temperature
(above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall
above 100 cm.
‹ Rice is grown in the plains of north and north-
eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic
regions.
‹ West Bengal tops the list of rice-producing states
followed by Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. Hence,
statement 1 is correct.
8 PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
z The traditional rice varieties can add essential Fatty
Acids in the staple diet helping in the normal brain
development in infants.
z Seven rice varieties of North East India — Meghalaya
lakang, Chingphourel, Manuikhamei, Kemenyakepeyu,
Wainem, Thekrulha, and Koyajang — have the potential
to resist leaf and neck blast disease in rice plants.
‹ Blast disease caused by fungal pathogen
Pyricularia oryzae is a major threat to rice
productivity worldwide. Hence, statement 3 is
correct.
z Recently, the first export consignment of Bao-dhaan
(red rice) from Assam was sent to the US in March
2021. This enhances incomes of farming families.
‹ Bao-dhaan is an iron-rich red rice grown naturally
in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam, without the
use of any chemical fertilizer. Hence, statement 2
is not correct.
26. Ans: B
Exp:
z Every year, International Youth Day is observed on 12th
August to recognise and bring attention to the
problems faced by the youth.
‹ National Youth Day is held every year on 12th
January to observe the birth anniversary of Swami
Vivekananda. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
z In 1999, the United Nations decided to commemorate
International Youth Day every year on this day. Hence,
statement 2 is correct.
‹ It was based on a recommendation made by the
World Conference of Ministers Responsible for
Youth in Lisbon to the UN General Assembly.
‹ The first International Youth Day was observed on
12th August, 2000.
27. Ans: D
Exp:
z Kuvempu Award is a national award instituted in
memory of the late poet laureate Kuvempu.
‹ The award is given annually to a writer who has
contributed in any of the languages recognised
by the Constitution of India. Hence, statement 1
is correct.
‹ The award carries a cash award of Rs. 5 lakh, a
silver medal and a citation.
z Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa, popularly known by his
pen name Kuvempu, was an Indian poet, playwright,
novelist and critic.
www.d rish ti IAS.co m
‹ He is widely regarded as the greatest Kannada
poet of the 20th century. Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
z He was the first Kannada writer to be decorated with
the Jnanpith Award for his version of the Ramayana
titled ‘Sri Ramayana Darshanam’. Hence, statement 3
is correct.
28. Ans: A
Exp:
z World Milk Day was established by the Food and
Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in 2001. The day is
intended to provide an opportunity to bring attention
to activities that are connected with the dairy sector.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
‹ FAO is one of the specialised agencies of the
United Nations that leads international efforts to
defeat hunger.
z On the occasion of World Milk Day, the Ministry of
Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying announced
the launch of the Gopal Ratna Awards and integration
of e-Gopala App with UMANG platform.
‹ Gopal Ratna Awards are National Awards for the
Cattle and Dairy sector, the awards have been
launched to promote the best herd of Indigenous
Breed and practicing best management practices
and it will be given in three categories:
€ Best Dairy farmer.
€ Best Artificial Insemination Technician (AIT).
€ Best Dairy Cooperative/ Milk producer
Company/ Farmers Producer Organisation.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
29. Ans: A
Exp:
z Kuvempu Awards: It is a national award instituted in
memory of the late poet laureate Kuvempu.
‹ The award is given annually to a writer who has
contributed in any of the languages recognised
by the Constitution of India. Hence, Pair 3 is not
correctly matched.
‹ The award carries a cash award of Rs. 5 lakh, a
silver medal and a citation.
‹ Jnanpith Awards: It is the highest literary award
in India and can only be conferred annually upon
an Indian citizen. Hence, Pair 1 is not correctly
matched.
w w w. d r i s h t i I A S.c om PT SPRINT (2022) MISCELLANEOUS EXPLANATION
‹ English along with other languages mentioned in
Indian Constitution (8th Schedule) is considered
for the Award.
‹ The prize carries a cash award of Rs. 11 lakhs, a
citation, and a bronze replica of Vagdevi
(Saraswati), the goddess of learning.
‹ It is sponsored by the cultural organization
Bharatiya Jnanpith.
‹ Sahitya Akademi Awards: Akademi gives 24
awards annually to literary works in the languages
it has recognized and an equal number of awards
to literary translations from and into the languages
of India.
‹ Besides the 22 languages enumerated in the
Constitution of India, the Sahitya Akademi has
recognised English and Rajasthani as languages
in which its programme may be implemented.
‹ The Sahitya Akademi award is the second-highest
literary honour by the Government of India, after
the Jnanpith award.
‹ Gangadhar National Award: Gangadhar National
Award For Poetry is a literary award given in the
field of literature for poetry by Sambalpur
University. It is named after Gangadhar Meher.
Hence, Pair 2 is correctly matched.
‹ The award carries a cash prize of Rs 50,000, a
shawl and citation.
30. Ans: B
Exp:
z Sahitya Akademi award established in 1954, is a
literary honour that is conferred annually by Sahitya
Akademi, India’s National Academy of letters.
‹ It is the second-highest literary honour by the
Government of India, after the Jnanpith award.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
z Criteria for choosing an awardee is that the author
must be of Indian Nationality. Hence, statement 2 is
correct.
‹ Book/work eligible for the award must be an
outstanding contribution to the language and
literature to which it belongs.
z The Sahitya Akademi Awards in English began in 1960,
the first recipient was R K Narayan for his novel The
Guide. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
9
‹ For 2018, author Amitav Ghosh became the first
English language writer to become a Jnanpith
laureate.
31. Ans: A
Exp:
z The Gandhi Peace Prize is an annual award instituted
by the Government of India in 1995 during the
commemoration of the 125th birth anniversary of
Mahatma Gandhi for those involved in social, economic
and political transformation through non-violence.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
z The award carries an amount of Rs. 1 crore, a Citation
in a scroll, a plaque as well as an exquisite traditional
handicraft/handloom item.
z The prize can be given to individuals, associations,
institutions or organizations.
‹ It can be divided between two persons/institutions
who are considered by the Jury to be equally
deserving of recognition in a given year.
‹ It is open to all persons regardless of nationality,
creed, race or sex.
z The jury chaired by the Prime Minister and other
members are the Chief Justice of India, the leader of
the single largest Opposition party in the Lok Sabha,
Lok Sabha Speaker and founder of Sulabh International.
Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
32. Ans.B
Exp
z The Padma Awards for the year 2021 were announced
on the occasion of 72nd Republic Day.
z Padma Vibhushan is highest in the hierarchy of Padma
Awards followed by Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.
Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
z The Awards are given in various disciplines/ fields of
activities, viz.- art, social work, public affairs, science
and engineering, trade and industry, medicine,
literature and education, sports, civil service etc.
z The Awards are conferred on the recommendations
made by the Padma Awards Committee, which is
constituted by the Prime Minister every year. Hence,
statement 2 is correct.