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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

Effect of Adding Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) and

Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum) to Broiler Diets on
the Productive Performance

Reem Raad Ahmed Al-Azzawi1 and Luma Khaled Bandr2

1,2
College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad,
Iraq.

1
E-mail: Reem.raad1101a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq

Abstract. Research on the effects of supplementing broiler diets with Lion's mane (Hericium
erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) was conducted in the field from March
22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, by the Department of Animal Production in the College of
Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Baghdad in Abu Ghraib. There were a
total of 210 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks employed in this study (10 birds per
replicate), and they were fed a starter diet for the first 10 days, a growth diet for the next 11-24
days, and a final diet for the last 25-42 days. The birds were randomly assigned to one of seven
treatments, with three replicates per treatment and ten birds in each replicate. The experimental
procedures included:Treatment 1 (T1) is a diet with no extra ingredients. The second diet (T2)
includes 1 g/kg of lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) fodder, the third diet (T3) includes 1.5
g/kg of lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), and the fourth diet (T4) includes 2 g/kg of lion's
mane (Hericium erinaceus), the fifth diet (T5) includes 1 g/kg of reishi mushroom (Ganoderma
Treatments T4 (2 g/kg of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5 gm of Reishi
Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) were superior on the control treatment T1 in the sixth week,
while in the fifth week, treatment T6 (1.5 g/kg of Reishi Mushroom) showed a significant
increase in weekly average body weight over the control treatment T1. The ratio of weight gain
to treatment time was found to be significantly higher for treatments T4 and T6 compared to
the control treatment T1 (P<0.01). At 6 weeks of age, the feed consumption ratio increased
significantly for treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to the control treatment T1, and a high
significant improvement (P<0.01) in the feed conversion ratio was observed, most notably for
the birds in treatment T4, to which Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) was added to their diets
at a rate of 2 g / kg. There was a significant (P≤0.05) increase in the relative weight of the liver
for birds of treatment T2 (1g/kg Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5g/kg Reishi
Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)) compared to the control treatment T1. The results of this
investigation suggest that varying concentrations of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and
Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) may help boost grill performance.

Keywords. Ganoderma lucidum, Body weight, Food conversion ratio, Broiler.

1. Introduction
The poultry production industry is one of the most successful industries in the world, as it is observed
that agricultural production increases during one year by 2%, while the production of poultry increases
by 8% annually, so this percentage is large compared to agricultural production [1] and that large

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

increase in poultry production is accompanied by a decrease in the body's immunity and an increase in
infection with various diseases [2]. Therefore, research and studies tended towards finding solutions to
these problems through the use of some natural food additives [3-6] that improve the growth of
domestic birds, increase live weight, improve the feed conversion ratio and increase the immune
capacity of birds by increasing the activity of the intestinal immune system responsible for protecting
the body from pathogens that enter Intestines through the external openings of the body, and among
these materials is the use and addition of food fungi to the diets of domestic birds, as studies have
proven that these fungi have positive effects on the health of animals, being characterized by high
nutritional value and containing a high percentage of protein with high nutritional value and some
amino and fatty acids, and a fair percentage of vitamins and mineral elements [7] , and containing a
large variety of biologically active compounds, including triterpenoids and polysaccharides, and their
role as natural antibiotics of oxidation [8]. In addition, it is characterized by low calories, fats,
carbohydrates, amino acids and essential fatty acids [9] and has been used in alternative medicine on a
wide scale, so it is considered one of the distinguished folk remedies for its ability to enhance and
stimulate the immune system in humans and animals [10].Among these mushrooms is Hericium
erinaceus, or what is known as the Lion’s mane, it is an edible mushroom and for medicinal uses. It
has many positive effects and has received great attention during the past ten years, especially for its
importance in treating many pathological conditions [11,12]. It contains some active substances,
including pyrone, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and peptides, so it is considered as an effective
antioxidant [13], anti-inflammatory [14], and antiviral [15] and it also has an effect for many types of
cancer [16], antiviral properties [17], antifungal properties [18], anti-harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus
aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli [19] and hepatoprotective
properties [10]. Adding it to the diets may work to enhance the productive and immune performance
of agricultural animals, including poultry. other food fungi with high nutritional value, which were
used either for human food or treatment, or were added to the diets of agricultural animals, is the
Reishi Mushroom, known as the Red Mushroom (Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)). As it is
used in alternative medicine, especially in Asian countries, it is still considered an excellent treatment
in China and Japan, due to its important therapeutic properties, it has become one of the most popular
and studied species all over the world. It is widely used for medical and nutritional purposes because it
contains large amounts of effective compounds and important nutrients in human and animal nutrition
[20].Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) contains polysaccharides, triterpenes, saponins, steroids,
alkaloids, and ganoderic acids, and this mushroom has an important role as an antioxidant [21-23].
This study aims to demonstrate the nutritional value of each of the Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus)
and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) by adding it to grill diets, and to recognise its efficacy in
the absence of a comprehensive study on its use in animal diets, including poultry. Studies were
limited to its addition in human nutrition and some laboratory animals.

2. Materials and Methods

From March 22, 2022, to April 18, 2022, 210 Ross 308 strain broiler chicks were raised in an
experimental setting at the University of Baghdad's (Abu Ghraib) Department of Animal Production,
College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences and operation with laboratories in Mosul university
Ethical approval No. um.VET.2021.5., to demonstrate the impact of supplementing broiler diets with
Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) on productive
performance. There were a total of 70 birds used in the experiment, split evenly among 7 treatments (3
replicates per treatment, 10 birds per replication), and the treatments themselves were as follows:
(T1) Control treatment, basic diet without any addition
(T2) Basic diet with the addition of 1 g/kg of fodder from the Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus)
(T3) Basic diet with the addition of 1.5 g/kg of fodder from the Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus)
(T4) Basic diet with the addition of 2 g/kg of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus)
(T5) Basic diet with the addition of 1 g/kg of the Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)
(T6) Basic diet with the addition of 1.5 g/kg of the Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)
(T7) Basic diet with the addition of 2 g/kg of the Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum)

2
4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

Chicks were raised in a room separated by wooden cages, with each cage measuring (2 x 1 m). From
day one, replicants were evenly and randomly dispersed among the cages. The chicks were raised in a
hall using the floor rearing system; they had access to water and feed on demand (ad libitum); and they
were exposed to a continuous lighting system (23 hours per day) with an hour of darkness given daily
to help them adjust to the dark and avoid being startled by a power outage. An approximative chemical
analysis was performed on the nutritional supplements given to the birds in the College of Science and
Technology; these supplements included Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus), a white powder, and
Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), a red powder. Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi
Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) were compared in terms of their dietary value in Table (2).
Using a complete random design (CRD), the statistical programme tested for significant differences
between means using the Duncan (1955) multinomial test, and SPSS (2017) was used for the analysis
to determine the effect of different treatments on the characteristics under study.
Table 1. Composition of experimental diet used in this study.
Type of diet
Ingredient % Starter Grower Finisher
1-14 d. 14-28 d 28-42 d
Yellow Corn 37.5 36 43.54
Wheat 20 25 20
Soybean meal 1 32 28 25
Protein concentrate 2 5 5 5
Sunflower oil 3 4 4.5
Dicalcium phosphate (D.C.P ) 0.7 0.5 0.5
Lime stone 1.2 1.14 1.14
Methionine 0.25 0.13 0.13
Lysine 0.25 0.13 0.13
salt 0.1 0.1 0.1
Total 100 100 100
chemical composition3
M.E(kcal/kg) 3050 3160 3200
C.P % 23 21.4 20.2
C.F % 2.7 2.6 2.6
Lysine % 1.13 1.31 1.23
Meth +Cys % 1.52 0.97 0.94
Ca % 0.98 0.90 0.85
Av. P 0.48 0.44 0.42
1
The used soybean meal is from an Argentinian source, its percentage of crude protein is 48%, and 2440
kilocalories / kg a metabolizable energy.
2
The used protein concentrate is animal type, produced by a Dutch company (imported) Brocon. It contains 40%
crude protein, 2107 kilocalories / kg protein metabolizable energy, 5% crude fat, 2.20% crude fiber, 5% calcium,
2.65% phosphorus, 3.85% lysine, 3.70% methionine, 4.12% methionine + cysteine, 0.42% tryptophan, 1.70%
threonine.
3
According to the chemical composition of the diets based on [15]
Table 2. Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) nutritional profiles.
Chemical Lion’s Reishi
composition mane Mushroom
Protein 33.5 26.4
Moi 5.4 6.9
ASh 9.8 19
Fat 3.9 4.5
CHO 17.2 11.4
Glysine - 12.7%
Alanine 0.88 12.5%

3
4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

Chemical Lion’s Reishi

composition mane Mushroom
Serine 1.62 11.5%
Therionie .47 11.1%
1083.23
Linoleic -
µgm/gm
Olieic - 1473 µgm/gm

3. Results and Discussion

It is observed from Table (3) the effect of different levels of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and the
Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) added to the broiler diet on the average body weight for all
weeks of the experiment, as the results showed that there were no significant differences in for all of
the experimental treatments in the first, second and third week, while the results showed a high
significant increase (p<0.01) in the average weight of birds for the treatments T3 and T5 for the fourth
week compared to the treatments T6 and T7, while it did not differ significantly with T1, T2, and T4,
but in the fifth week, the average body weight increased in for the treatment T6 compared to the
control treatment T1, which recorded 2052.67 g/bird, but it did not differ significantly from treatments
T2, T3, T5, T7, and T1 did not differ from T2, T3, T4, T7, and it was observed in the sixth week that a
high significant increase (p<0.01) occurred in the weight of the birds in treatments T4 and T6, as they
recorded the highest average body weight of 2830, 2875 gm/bird, compared to the control treatment
T1, which recorded 2604 gm/bird, while the treatments T2, T3, T5, T7 did not differ significantly
between them and the control treatment T1.
Table 3. Broiler average weekly body weight (g) (mean standard error) as a function of diet
supplementation with Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum).
Period Treatment 1
Sg
week T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
147.00±1.6 153.53±7. 151.47±1.7 157.93±5.2 153.07±5.3 158.67±0.
1 153.67±2.71 Ns
0 95 8 2 0 53
464.13±1.4 465.00±2. 450.40±7.0 451.53±3.3 459.27±7.4 469.53±9.
2 465.07±2.01 Ns
0 01 2 4 7 50
888.43±30. 864.83±20 883.77±30. 843.03±18. 873.20±19. 887.90±8.
3 880.53±12.77 Ns
13 .34 14 27 43 25
1352.50±8 1349.83±20 1366.00±14 1329.00±11 1306.83±
1343.33±2 1328.67±14.3
4 .25 .94 .00 .12 12.23 **
2.87Ab 4ab
a ab a B b
1910.17±1 1972.50±29.5 1975.00±6 1936.17±21 2017.17±29 2052.67±6. 1965.00±
5 3.01 9 .35 .60 .09 77 16.18 **
C abc abc bc ab a abc
2604.67±1 2791.33±40.6 2742.33±7 2875.83±96 2801.50±43 2830.33±10
2760.50±
6 1.78 0 .96 .02 .43 .46 **
9.80 ab
B ab ab a ab a
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following
proportions (0, 1 the lion's mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2
the reishi mushroom) g/kg.
Table 4 shows the impact of various doses of supplementation with Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus)
and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) on the weekly weight increase rate (g / bird) of broilers.
The results show that there are no differences between all the experiment treatments during the first,
second and third week, while the results showed a high significant increase (p<0.01) in the average
weekly weight gain for treatment T5 in the fourth week compared to treatment T2, T4, T7, while it did
not differ significantly from T3 and T6, but in the fifth week, a high significant increase was observed
(p<0.01) for birds of T6 treatment, to which Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) were added to
their diets by 1.5 g/kg compared to treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, but they did not differ significantly
from T5 and T7, and these two treatments did not differ significantly from T2, and the results showed
a significant increase for treatment T2 compared to each of T1, T3, T4, as for the sixth week, the
results showed a high significant increase (p<0.01) for the T4 treatment compared with the control

4
 4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

treatment T1, T2, T7, and it did not differ significantly from T3, T5, T6, and these treatments did not
differ significantly from T1, T2, T7. T4 and T6, to which 2 g/kg of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus)
and 1.5 g/kg of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) were added, were superior to the control
treatment T1 in terms of average total weight gain from 1 to 6 weeks of age, while T2, T3, T5, and T7
did not differ significantly from T1.
Table 4. Broiler hens' average weekly weight growth (grammes) (mean standard error) as a function
of diet supplementation with Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma
lucidum).
wee Treatments 1 S
k T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 g
N
1 104.67±1.25 110.93±2.56 111.23±7.43 109.50±1.44 114.83±4.72 111.37±4.47 116.10±0.65
s
306.20±12.7 N
2 317.13±1.77 311.40±4.72 311.47±9.03 298.93±7.53 293.60±7.63 310.87±9.67
4 s
424.30±28.8 399.83±19.3 433.37±23.2 413.93±26.8 N
3 415.47±14.70 391.50±21.60 418.37±1.32
5 0 0 2 s
454.90±9.31 448.13±22.55 487.67±16.4 466.07±38.6 522.97±14.83 455.80±24.3 418.93±7.31 *
4
ab ab 2ab 2ab a 0ab b *
566.83±11.6 622.50±4.31 586.33±15.1 651.17±18.43 723.67±17.6 658.17±20.4 *
5 643.83±22.9b
2c bc 4bc ab 5a 2ab *
694.50±3.33 818.83±68.07 767.33±12.1 939.67±87.8 784.33±16.95 777.67±16.7 795.50±9.44 *
6
b ab 5ab 7a ab 8ab ab *
1- 2562.33±11. 2748.60±40.7 2700.03±7.0 2833.87±95. 2758.40±42.9 2788.63±10. 2717.93±9.8 *
6 21b 7ab 5ab 48a 3ab 37a 9ab *
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following proportions (0, 1 the
lion's mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2 the reishi mushroom) g/kg.
The effect of supplementing the broiler diet with varying amounts of Lion's mane (Hericium
erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) on the weekly feed consumption ratio is
shown in Table (5). While there were no statistically significant differences between any of the
experimental treatments in weeks 1 and 2, there was a large increase (p<0.01) in weeks 3 and 4 for
treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to treatments T1, T2, and T Treatment T5 showed a highly
significant increase over treatment T2 in week 4, with both treatments not differing significantly from
one another or from the other treatments in the experiment. The results showed no significant
differences between the experiment treatments in the sixth week, though total feed consumption from
1-6 weeks increased significantly (p<0.01) f. In the fifth week, treatment T6 showed a high significant
increase (p>0.01) in the weekly feed consumption ratio, as it recorded 1080g of fodder / bird
compared to the treatment T1 and T4, and they did not differ significantly from the rest of the
treatments.
Table 5. Broiler weekly and total feed consumption ratio (g) (average standard error) as a function of
the amount of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) added
to the diet over the trial weeks.
wee Treatments s
k T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 g
101.33±0.7 102.13±3.6 104.80±1.8 105.27±1.7 105.93±2. N
1 103.73±2.32 107.53±1.12
1 2 5 9 89 S
305.33±1.5 303.87±1.1 303.73±2.2 306.67±1.3 303.67±2. N
2 306.67±0.93 303.33±5.67
4 1 5 8 60 S
535.00±32. 600.37±0.0 623.13±19. 604.80±1.
522.73±14. 504.80±2.11 607.47±0.82 *
3 91 9 84 50
73c c a *
bc ab a a
703.00±6.9 707.43±1.7 737.27±12. 707.77±1
706.70±1.6 700.97±5.53 713.17±5.86 *
4 2 4 93 0.30
1ab b ab *
ab ab a ab
1040.00±1 1000.77±1 1023.50±3 1080.00±
977.67±15. 1037.33±18. 1024.50±12. *
5 1.75 0.13 0.39 3.91
34b 40ab 29ab *
ab b ab a

5
 4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

wee Treatments s
k T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 g
1304.30±2. 1327.67±35. 1341.83±8. 1354.83±1 1315.50±3. 1313.00± 1325.57±13. N
6
00 49 41 6.92 82 5.84 79 S
4025.83±3 4071.93±1 4111.33±6 4115.17±
1- 3918.07±7. 3981.17±48. 4081.57±23. *
8.78 4.46 0.31 8.95
6 52b 55ab 99a *
ab ab a a
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following
proportions (0, 1 the lion's mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2
the reishi mushroom) g/kg
Since no statistically significant differences were found between any of the treatments during the first
two weeks of the experiment, Table (6) shows that the food conversion factor from Table (4) has the
characteristics expected from the data. Using the data in the table, we can see that by week 5, the food
conversion ratio had significantly improved (p<0.01) for birds in the T1 and T2 treatments compared
to the T5 treatment, but that these treatments did not differ significantly from T3, T4, T6, or T7, and
that these treatments did not differ significantly from T5, either. In the sixth week, birds in the T4
treatment, which had Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) added to their diets by 2 g/kg compared to the
control treat, showed a significant improvement in feed conversion ratio compared to the control treat
(p<0.01). However, none of the other treatments showed a significant difference from any of the
others.
Table 6. Feed conversion factor (g feed / g weight gain) (mean standard error) for grill during the
experimental weeks as a function of the amount of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi
Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) added to the diet.
Treatments
week Sg
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
1 0.97±0.01 0.93±0.02 0.92±0.04 0.96±0.03 0.92±0.02 0.95±0.02 0.93±0.01 Ns
2 0.96±0.01 0.99±0.01 0.98±0.03 1.02±0.03 1.05±0.03 1.00±0.04 0.98±0.05 Ns
3 1.24±0.06b 1.22±0.05b 1.34±0.07ab 1.39±0.07ab 1.50±0.06a 1.48±0.10ab 1.45±0.01ab **
4 1.56±0.03 1.57±0.07 1.44±0.05 1.54±0.13 1.41±0.06 1.56±0.06 1.71±0.03 Ns
5 1.73±0.01a 1.62±0.08ab 1.67±0.02ab 1.71±0.04a 1.57±0.01ab 1.49±0.03b 1.56±0.07ab **
6 1.88±0.01a 1.64±0.10ab 1.75±0.02ab 1.46±0.11b 1.68±0.03ab 1.69±0.04ab 1.67±0.01ab **
1-6 1.53±0.01a 1.45±0.01ab 1.49±0.02ab 1.44±0.04b 1.49±0.01ab 1.47±0.01ab 1.50±0.01ab **
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following proportions (0, 1 the
lion's mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2 the reishi mushroom) g/kg
Table (7) shows the effect of varying levels of Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi
Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) added to the diet of broiler on some carcass characteristics (carcass
weight, dressing percentage, breast percentage, thigh percentage), though it should be noted that there
were no significant differences in carcass weight between experiment treatments for all weeks, and
that only T4 and T5 for dress percentage showed any significant differences.
Table 7. Effect of adding different levels of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom
(Ganoderma lucidum) to the diet on the carcass weight, dressing percentage and main pieces (average
± standard error) of broiler carcasses at the age of 42 days.
Treatments
Traits Sg
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7
C.W 2067.33±85.99 2020.67±30.38 2042.67±30.82 2084.00±90.71 2092.67±55.01 1980.00±93.21 1991.33±62.19 Ns
D.P 74.07±0.43B 75.74±0.41ab 76.01±0.66ab 77.60±0.36a 78.66±1.45a 76.27±1.76ab 76.26±0.64ab *
B 40.47±0.58 37.48±0.92 38.66±0.57 38.83±1.20 40.07±2.59 35.59±3.72 38.66±0.86 Ns
TH. 26.49±0.32 26.02±0.86 26.24±0.06 26.35±0.70 27.58±0.68 26.31±0.40 29.41±2.48 Ns
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following proportions (0, 1 the lion's
mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2 the reishi mushroom) g/kg.
C.W : carcass weight (g/brid) , D.P : Dressing percent , B : Brest , Th. : thigh

The results of Table (8) showed the effect of using different levels of Lion’s mane (Hericium
erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) added to the diet of broiler on the relative

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

weight of the internal viscera, as the results showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative
weight of the liver of the birds of the treatment (T2) to which it was added (1) g / kg fodder of Lion’s
mane (Hericium erinaceus) compared to the control treatment T1 free from addition and T7 to which
was added (2) g / kg fodder of Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), while it did not differ
significantly with each of T3, T4, T5, T6, which did not differ significantly with Control treatment T1
and T7, while no significant differences were observed when using Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus)
and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) in the diets regarding the relative weights of each of the
heart, Fabricius bursa and spleen for all experiment treatments, but a significant increase (P<0.05) was
observed in the relative weight of the gizzard for birds of the Treatment T6, which recorded the
highest weight of 1.90%, compared to treatment T3, which recorded 1.31%, while they did not differ
significantly with each of the control treatment T1 and treatment T2, T4, T5 and T7.
Table 8. Effect of adding different levels of Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom
(Ganoderma lucidum) to the diet on the percentage of internal viscera (mean ± standard error) of
broiler carcasses at the age of 42 days.
Treatments S
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 g
2.09±0.14 2.88±0.20 2.43±0.20 2.30±0.10 2.46±0.15 2.48±0.06 2.02±0.44
Liver *
b a ab ab ab ab b
N
heart 0.43±0.04 0.51±0.05 0.46±0.08 0.49±0.03 0.48±0.03 0.54±0.01 0.52±0.03
s
gizzar 1.52±0.22 1.45±0.12 1.31±0.07 1.43±0.14 1.51±0.16 1.90±0.14 1.53±0.06
*
d ab ab b ab ab a ab
N
Bursa 0.10±0.02 0.09±0.01 0.10±0.02 0.08±0.01 0.07±0.03 0.09±0.01 0.11±0.01
s
Splee N
0.15±0.01 0.15±0.00 0.13±0.02 0.15±0.01 0.11±0.02 0.16±0.01 0.13±0.05
n s
abc
Means having with the different letters in same rows differed significantly ** (P<0.01), NS: Non significant.
1
Treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, adding each of the lion's mane and the reishi mushroom in the following proportions
(0, 1 the lion's mane , 1.5 the lion's mane, 2 the lion's mane , 1 the reishi mushroom, 1.5 the reishi mushroom, 2 the reishi
mushroom) g/kg.
The productive performance of broiler is affected by the level and type of nutrients included in the
composition of the diet, in addition to other factors related to the breeding and management of birds.
The reasons for the increase in the average weight of birds may be due to the role of both Lion’s mane
(Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) due to they contain organic acids,
amino acids, carbohydrates, pyrones, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, peptides, flavonoids, unsaturated
fatty acids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, phenols, pyranones, and alkaloids [24,25]
[12]. As for Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), it contains amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty
acids, and active substances such as Ergosterol, Riboflavin, Glycosides, Ascorbic acid, volatile oils
and squalene, which is a type of triterpenes, vitamins and polysaccharides [26,27]. The substances
increase the numbers of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, Lactobacillus, and increase the length of
the villi [28]. The two mushroom contain polysaccharides of β-glucans, as they act as a brebiotic that
increases the number of beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and increases their proliferation and activity,
thus increasing the length of the villi and increasing the surface area to absorb digested nutrients and
improve Intestine health, which is reflected positively on the productive performance of broiler birds
[29]. Or the improvement in productive performance may be due to the action of active functional
compounds, which are effective antioxidants that inhibit the action of free radicals, or these
compounds produce antioxidant enzymes such as glutathion peroxidase and catalase enzyme (CAT),
thus preventing the formation of free radicals [30] and prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress in
birds, which is reflected in improving the health status and thus improving the productive performance
of birds [21,31,32].

Conclusion
Bird feed consumption ratio increased significantly for treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to T1,
with a significant improvement (P<0.01) in feed conversion ratio, especially for treatment T4 with
Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) added at 2 g/kg. Birds treated with T2 (1g/kg Lion's mane

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4th International Conference of Modern Technologies in Agricultural Sciences IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1262 (2023) 072034 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1262/7/072034

(Hericium erinaceus) and T6 (1.5g/kg Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) had a substantial
(P≤0.05) increase in liver weight compared to the control treatment T1. This study found that Lion's
mane (Hericium erinaceus) and Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) concentrations may improve
grill performance.

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