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Chapter 4 Application of Derivative II
Chapter 4 Application of Derivative II
Chapter 4:
Application of Derivative
Part 2
Hemavathi Ramulu
Department of Computing
School of Computing & Creative Media
KDU University College
Outline
Optimization problems
Linear approximation and differentials
Optimization
To find the maximum (or minimum) value of a function:
1 L 1000 cm 3 r
2000
area of
ends
lateral
area
A 4 r 2
r
Optimization
A 2 r 2 2 rh 2000
V r h
2
area of lateral 2
4 r
1 L 1000 cm3
ends area
1000
r
2000 4 r 3
A 2 r 2 r 2
2
1000 r 2 h r 500
1000 r3
h A 2 r
2000
2
r 2
r
1000 500
h 2000 r 3
5.42 A 4 r 2
2
r
h 10.83 cm 2000
0 4 r 2 r 5.42 cm
r
Optimization : Example 2
Find the radius and height of
the right-circular cylinder of
largest volume that can be 10 in
inscribed in a right-circular r
cone with radius 6 in. and
h
height 10 in.
6 in
Optimization
The formula for the volume of
the cylinder is V r 2 h
V r h 2
5 5 3
V r 10 r 10 r r
2 2 10 in
3 3 r
dV
20 r 5 r 2 h
dr
0 5 r (4 r )
r 0, r 4 6 in
Optimization
d ( x 18)2 y 2
Substitute for x
d ( x 18)2 x 4 d ( x 2 36 x 324) x 4
1
ds 1 4
( x x 36 x 324) 2 (4 x3 2 x 36)
2
dx 2
Optimization
Determine the point on the
curve y = x2 that is closest to
the point (18, 0).
1
ds 1 4
( x x 36 x 324) 2 (4 x3 2 x 36)
2
dx 2
ds
set 0 0 4 x 2 x 36 0 2 x3 x 18
3
dx
x2 y4
Optimization
Determine the point on the
curve y = x2 that is closest to
the point (18, 0).
0 2 x3 x 18
0 ( x 2)(2 x 2 4 x 9)
- 0 +
x2 y4
Optimization
Notes:
f x f a
We call the equation of the
tangent the linearization of
the function.
x
0 xa
Linear Approximation
Start with the point/slope equation:
y y1 m x x1 x1 a y1 f a m f a
y f a f a x a y f a f a x a
L x f a f a x a linearization of f at a
L x f a f a x a f’(x) = 4x3 + 2
L (x) = 87 + 110(x - 3)
f ( x) x L x f a f a x a
1
1 2
f ' ( x) x L(37) f (36) f ' (36)(37 36)
2
1
L(37) 6 (1)
12
L(37) 6.0833
Linear Approximation : Example
f ( x) sin x
L x f a f a x a
f ' ( x) cos x
L(31) f (30) f ' (30)
180
1 3
L(31)
2 2 180 Need to
180 3 be in radians
L(31)
360
Differentials
Differentials:
A r dA dr
2 r
2
dA 2 r dr dx dx
very small change in r
very small change in A
dA 2 10 0.1
dA 2 (approximate change in area)
Differentials
Compare to actual change:
10.1 102.01
2
New area:
10 100.00
2
Old area:
A 2.01 dA
2
2%
Absolute A 100 percent
dA 2 error
A 2.01
error
2.01%
A 100
Differentials
True Estimated
Absolute Change f f (a dx) f (a) df f ' (a)dx
Relative Change f df
f (a ) f (a )
Percent Change f df
x 100% x 100%
f (a) f (a)
Differentials : Example
First, a review problem: