BASIC COMPONENTS

A computer is composed of several key components, each with

its own specialized function. Here are the main components of
a typical desktop computer:

Motherboard:
The motherboard is the main circuit board that houses the CPU,
memory, and other essential components. It provides the
necessary connections and interfaces for these parts to
communicate with each other
Central Processing Unit (CPU):
The CPU is often considered the brain of the computer. It
performs calculations and executes instructions of a program.
Modern computers may have multiple cores, allowing them to
perform tasks concurrently.

Random Access Memory (RAM):

RAM is temporary storage that the CPU uses to store data that
is actively being used or processed. It allows for fast access to
this data, which is crucial for the computer's performance.

Storage:
This can include hard drives (HDDs) and solid-state drives
(SSDs). HDDs use spinning disks to store data, while SSDs use
flash memory for faster and more reliable storage.

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

The PSU converts electrical power from an outlet into a form
that the computer's components can use. It provides power to
the motherboard, CPU, GPU, and other devices.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):
The GPU is responsible for rendering images and videos. It's
essential for tasks like gaming, video editing, and graphical
applications.

Input Devices:
These include devices like a keyboard and mouse, which allow
users to interact with the computer. Input devices are used to
allow us to enter information into a computer system. This
might be, for example, to control a character in a game, click on
a shortcut icon on your desktop, or type data into a
spreadsheet.
Output Devices:
The output devices are peripheral devices that are used to
convert the output processed by the computer into human-
readable form. These devices either display the output on the
screen, print on paper, or through any other form. Examples:
printer, monitor, projector, headphones, etc.

Storage Controllers:
These are responsible for managing data flow between the
computer's CPU and storage devices.
How does the data flow?

Networking Components:
This includes the network interface card (NIC) or wireless
adapter, which allows the computer to connect to networks
and the internet.

Expansion Slots and Ports:

These are connections on the motherboard where additional
components like graphics cards, sound cards, and other
peripherals can be added.

Cooling System:
This includes fans, heat sinks, and in some cases, liquid cooling
systems. They help regulate the temperature of the CPU and
GPU to prevent overheating.
BIOS/UEFI:
This is firmware that initializes the computer's hardware during
the boot process. It also provides a basic interface for
configuring hardware settings.
Operating System (OS):
The OS is software that manages the computer's resources and
provides services for computer programs. Common examples
include Windows, macOS, and various Linux distributions.
These components work together to enable a computer to
perform a wide range of tasks, from browsing the web to
complex scientific calculations, depending on its specifications
and the software its running.